scholarly journals Prosocial Behavior Across Professional Boundaries: Experimental Evidence From Hospitals

SAGE Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824401984669
Author(s):  
Ulf Liebe ◽  
Elias Naumann ◽  
Andreas Tutic
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (23) ◽  
pp. eaba0504
Author(s):  
David Melamed ◽  
Brent Simpson ◽  
Jered Abernathy

Prosocial behavior is paradoxical because it often entails a cost to one’s own welfare to benefit others. Theoretical models suggest that prosociality is driven by several forms of reciprocity. Although we know a great deal about how each of these forms operates in isolation, they are rarely isolated in the real world. Rather, the topological features of human social networks are such that people are often confronted with multiple types of reciprocity simultaneously. Does our current understanding of human prosociality break down if we account for the fact that the various forms of reciprocity tend to co-occur in nature? Results of a large experiment show that each basis of human reciprocity is remarkably robust to the presence of other bases. This lends strong support to existing models of prosociality and puts theory and research on firmer ground in explaining the high levels of prosociality observed in human social networks.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Cabrales ◽  
Irma Clots-Figueras ◽  
Roberto Hernán-González ◽  
Praveen Kujal

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Tai-Sen He ◽  
Yohanes E. Riyanto ◽  
Saori C. Tanaka ◽  
Katsunori Yamada

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan M. Engelmann ◽  
Esther Herrmann ◽  
Michael Tomasello

The motivation to build and maintain a positive personal reputation promotes prosocial behavior. But individuals also identify with their groups, and so it is possible that the desire to maintain or enhance group reputation may have similar effects. Here, we show that 5-year-old children actively invest in the reputation of their group by acting more generously when their group’s reputation is at stake. Children shared significantly more resources with fictitious other children not only when their individual donations were public rather than private but also when their group’s donations (effacing individual donations) were public rather than private. These results provide the first experimental evidence that concern for group reputation can lead to higher levels of prosociality.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Cabrales ◽  
Irma Clots-Figueras ◽  
Roberto Hernán-González ◽  
Praveen Kujal

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olya Hakobyan ◽  
Sen Cheng

Abstract We fully support dissociating the subjective experience from the memory contents in recognition memory, as Bastin et al. posit in the target article. However, having two generic memory modules with qualitatively different functions is not mandatory and is in fact inconsistent with experimental evidence. We propose that quantitative differences in the properties of the memory modules can account for the apparent dissociation of recollection and familiarity along anatomical lines.


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma E. Buchtel

Abstract Is it particularly human to feel coerced into fulfilling moral obligations, or is it particularly human to enjoy them? I argue for the importance of taking into account how culture promotes prosocial behavior, discussing how Confucian heritage culture enhances the satisfaction of meeting one's obligations.


1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 437-442
Author(s):  
Salvatore Di Bernardo ◽  
Romana Fato ◽  
Giorgio Lenaz

AbstractOne of the peculiar aspects of living systems is the production and conservation of energy. This aspect is provided by specialized organelles, such as the mitochondria and chloroplasts, in developed living organisms. In primordial systems lacking specialized enzymatic complexes the energy supply was probably bound to the generation and maintenance of an asymmetric distribution of charged molecules in compartmentalized systems. On the basis of experimental evidence, we suggest that lipophilic quinones were involved in the generation of this asymmetrical distribution of charges through vectorial redox reactions across lipid membranes.


Author(s):  
Michael T. Bucek ◽  
Howard J. Arnott

It is believed by the authors, with supporting experimental evidence, that as little as 0.5°, or less, knife clearance angle may be a critical factor in obtaining optimum quality ultrathin sections. The degree increments located on the knife holder provides the investigator with only a crude approximation of the angle at which the holder is set. With the increments displayed on the holder one cannot set the clearance angle precisely and reproducibly. The ability to routinely set this angle precisely and without difficulty would obviously be of great assistance to the operator. A device has been contrived to aid the investigator in precisely setting the clearance angle. This device is relatively simple and is easily constructed. It consists of a light source and an optically flat, front surfaced mirror with a minute black spot in the center. The mirror is affixed to the knife by placing it permanently on top of the knife holder.


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