How do memory modules differentially contribute to familiarity and recollection?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olya Hakobyan ◽  
Sen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Memory Modules ◽  
Familiarity And Recollection ◽  
Memory Contents

Abstract We fully support dissociating the subjective experience from the memory contents in recognition memory, as Bastin et al. posit in the target article. However, having two generic memory modules with qualitatively different functions is not mandatory and is in fact inconsistent with experimental evidence. We propose that quantitative differences in the properties of the memory modules can account for the apparent dissociation of recollection and familiarity along anatomical lines.

Recognition Memory for Emotional and Neutral Faces: An Event-Related Potential Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1840-1853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Johansson ◽  
Axel Mecklinger ◽  
Anne-Cécile Treese
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Facial Affect ◽  
Test Phase ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Affect Recognition ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Familiarity And Recollection ◽  
Criterion Setting

This study examined emotional influences on the hypothesized event-related potential (ERP) correlates of familiarity and recollection (Experiment 1) and the states of awareness (Experiment 2) accompanying recognition memory for faces differing in facial affect. Participants made gender judgments to positive, negative, and neutral faces at study and were in the test phase instructed to discriminate between studied and nonstudied faces. Whereas old–new discrimination was unaffected by facial expression, negative faces were recollected to a greater extent than both positive and neutral faces as reflected in the parietal ERP old–new effect and in the proportion of remember judgments. Moreover, emotion-specific modulations were observed in frontally recorded ERPs elicited by correctly rejected new faces that concurred with a more liberal response criterion for emotional as compared to neutral faces. Taken together, the results are consistent with the view that processes promoting recollection are facilitated for negative events and that emotion may affect recognition performance by influencing criterion setting mediated by the prefrontal cortex.

Rhythmic Activity and Individual Variability in Recognition Memory: Theta Oscillations Correlate with Performance whereas Alpha Oscillations Correlate with ERPs

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Y. Chen ◽  
Jeremy B. Caplan
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Rhythmic Activity ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Theta Oscillations ◽  
Alpha Oscillations ◽  
Alpha Oscillation ◽  
Familiarity And Recollection ◽  
Visual Inattention

During study trials of a recognition memory task, alpha (∼10 Hz) oscillations decrease, and concurrently, theta (4–8 Hz) oscillations increase when later memory is successful versus unsuccessful (subsequent memory effect). Likewise, at test, reduced alpha and increased theta activity are associated with successful memory (retrieval success effect). Here we take an individual-differences approach to test three hypotheses about theta and alpha oscillations in verbal, old/new recognition, measuring the difference in oscillations between hit trials and miss trials. First, we test the hypothesis that theta and alpha oscillations have a moderately mutually exclusive relationship; but no support for this hypothesis was found. Second, we test the hypothesis that theta oscillations explain not only memory effects within participants, but also individual differences. Supporting this prediction, durations of theta (but not alpha) oscillations at study and at test correlated significantly with d′ across participants. Third, we test the hypothesis that theta and alpha oscillations reflect familiarity and recollection processes by comparing oscillation measures to ERPs that are implicated in familiarity and recollection. The alpha-oscillation effects correlated with some ERP measures, but inversely, suggesting that the actions of alpha oscillations on memory processes are distinct from the roles of familiarity- and recollection-linked ERP signals. The theta-oscillation measures, despite differentiating hits from misses, did not correlate with any ERP measure; thus, theta oscillations may reflect elaborative processes not tapped by recollection-related ERPs. Our findings are consistent with alpha oscillations reflecting visual inattention, which can modulate memory, and with theta oscillations supporting recognition memory in ways that complement the most commonly studied ERPs.

What three-year-olds remember from their past

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Hirte ◽  
Frauke Graf ◽  
Ziyon Kim ◽  
Monika Knopf
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Deferred Imitation ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Task Recognition ◽  
Long Term Retention ◽  
Memory Contents

From birth on, infants show long-term recognition memory for persons. Furthermore, infants from six months onwards are able to store and retrieve demonstrated actions over long-term intervals in deferred imitation tasks. Thus, information about the model demonstrating the object-related actions is stored and recognition memory for the objects as well as memory for the actions is retrieved. To study the development of long-term retention for different memory contents systematically, the present study investigated the recognition of person- and object-related information as well as the retention of actions in two samples of three-year-olds who had participated in a deferred imitation task at either nine or 18 months of age. Results showed that three-year-olds who had participated at nine months of age retained actions in a re-enactment task; however, they neither indicated person- nor object-recognition in a picture-choice task (recognition task). Children who had participated at 18 months of age demonstrated person- and object-recognition but no re-enactment at three years of age. Findings are discussed against the background of memory development from a preverbal to a verbal age and in regard to the characteristics of the recognition vs re-enactment tasks and the stimuli used.

Two Processes for Recognition Memory in Children of Early School Age: An Event-related Potential Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Mecklinger ◽  
Nicole Brunnemann ◽  
Kerstin Kipp
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Response Condition ◽  
Early School ◽  
Familiarity And Recollection ◽  
Recognition Judgments ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Memory Network

We examined the ERP correlates of familiarity and recollection and their development in 8- to 10-year-old children and a control group of young adults. Capitalizing on the different temporal dynamics of familiarity and recollection, we tested recognition memory in both groups with a speeded and nonspeeded response condition. Consistent with the view that familiarity is available earlier than recollection and by this more relevant for speeded recognition judgments, adults and children showed an early frontal old/new effect, the putative ERP correlate of familiarity in the speeded response condition. No parietal old/new effect, the putative ERP correlate of recollection was obtained in the speeded condition in neither group. Conversely, in the nonspeeded condition, both groups showed the parietal old/new effect, and a frontal effect was additionally observed for adults. In light of the generally lower memory accuracy of the children, these data suggested that children use a weaker and less matured version of the same explicit memory network used by adults in which familiarity and recollection differentially contribute to speeded and nonspeeded recognition memory judgments.

How neural is the neural blackboard architecture?

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
Yoonsuck Choe
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Blackboard Architecture ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

The target article does not provide insight into how the proposed neural blackboard architecture can be mapped to known neural structures in the brain. There are theories suggesting that the thalamus may be a good candidate. However, the experimental evidence suggests that the cortex may be involved (if in fact the blackboard is implemented in the brain). Issues arising from such a mapping will be discussed.

scholarly journals Midazolam-induced Amnesia Reduces Memory for Details and Affects the ERP Correlates of Recollection and Familiarity

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Nyhus ◽  
Tim Curran
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Recognition Test ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Orientation Discrimination ◽  
Dual Process Models ◽  
Electrophysiological Evidence ◽  
Familiarity And Recollection

Dual process models suggest that recognition memory is supported by familiarity and recollection processes. Previous research administering amnesic drugs and measuring ERPs during recognition memory have provided evidence for separable neural correlates of familiarity and recollection. This study examined the effect of midazolam-induced amnesia on memory for details and the proposed ERP correlates of recognition. Midazolam or saline was administered while subjects studied oriented pictures of common objects. ERPs were recorded during a recognition test 1 day later. Subjects' discrimination of old and new pictures as well as orientation discrimination was worse when they were given midazolam instead of saline. As predicted, the parietal old/new effect was decreased with the administration of midazolam. However, weaker effects on FN400 old/new effects were also observed. These results provide converging pharmacological and electrophysiological evidence that midazolam primarily affects recollection as indexed by parietal ERP old/new effects and memory for orientation, while also exerting some weaker effects on familiarity as indexed by FN400 old/new effects.

scholarly journals Toward a Comprehensive Understanding of Intergroup Contact

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia E. Hayward ◽  
Linda R. Tropp ◽  
Matthew J. Hornsey ◽  
Fiona Kate Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Positive Contact ◽  
Nuanced Understanding

Positive contact predicts reduced prejudice, but negative contact may increase prejudice at a stronger rate. The current project builds on this work in four ways: establishing an understanding of contact that is grounded in subjective experience, examining the affective mediators involved in the negative contact–prejudice relationship, extending research on the effects of positive and negative contact to minority groups, and examining the contact asymmetry experimentally. Study 1 introduced anger as a mediator of the relationships between positive and negative contact and prejudice among White Americans ( N = 371), using a contact measure that reflected the frequency and intensity of a wide range of experiences. Study 2 found a contact asymmetry among Black and Hispanic Americans ( N = 365). Study 3 found initial experimental evidence of a contact asymmetry ( N = 309). We conclude by calling for a more nuanced understanding of intergroup contact that recognizes its multifaceted and subjective nature.

scholarly journals Peripheral and central hyperexcitability: Differential signs and symptoms in persistent pain

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence J. Coderre ◽  
Joel Katz
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Dorsal Horn ◽  
Central Sensitization ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Persistent Pain ◽  
Dorsal Horn Neurons ◽  
Target Article

This target article examines the clinical and experimental evidence for a role of peripheral and central hyperexcitability in persistent pain in four key areas: cutaneous hyperalgesia, referred pain, neuropathic pain, and postoperative pain. Each suggests that persistent pain depends not only on central sensitization, but also on inputs from damaged peripheral tissue. It is instructive to think of central sensitization as comprised of both an initial central sensitization and an ongoing central sensitization driven by inputs from peripheral sources. Each of these factors, initial sensitization, ongoing central sensitization, and inputs from peripheral sources, contributes to the net activity in dorsal horn neurons and thus influences the expression of persistent pain or hyperalgesia. Since each factor, peripheral inputs and central sensitization (initial or ongoing), can contribute to both the initiation and maintenance of persistent pain, therapies should target both peripheral and central sources of pathology.

Hierarchy, multidomain modules, and the evolution of intelligence

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio de Jesus Dias Martins ◽  
Laura Desirèe Di Paolo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Multimodal Approach ◽  
Arcuate Fasciculus ◽  
Target Article

AbstractIn this commentary, we support a complex, mosaic, and multimodal approach to the evolution of intelligence. Using the arcuate fasciculus as an example of discontinuity in the evolution of neurobiological architectures, we argue that the strict dichotomy of modules versus G, adopted by Burkart et al. in the target article, is insufficient to interpret the available statistical and experimental evidence.

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