scholarly journals Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Their Neuroprotective Role After an Acute Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review of Animal Models

2020 ◽  
pp. 219256822090168
Author(s):  
Mark J. Lambrechts ◽  
James L. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Improve Motor Function ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Study Design: Systematic review. Objective: Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) resulting in motor deficits can be devastating injuries resulting in millions of health care dollars spent per incident. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a potential class of drugs that could improve motor function after an SCI. This systematic review utilizes PRISMA guidelines to evaluate the effectiveness of NSAIDs for SCI. Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, and Scopus were reviewed linking the keywords of “ibuprofen,” “meloxicam,” “naproxen,” “ketorolac,” “indomethacin,” “celecoxib,” “ATB-346,” “NSAID,” and “nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug” with “spinal.” Results were reviewed for relevance and included if they met inclusion criteria. The SYRCLE checklist was used to assess sources of bias. Results: A total of 2960 studies were identified in the PubMed/MEDLINE database using the above-mentioned search criteria. A total of 461 abstracts were reviewed in Scopus, 340 in CINAHL, 179 in PsycINFO, and 7632 in Embase. A total of 15 articles met the inclusion criteria. Conclusions: NSAIDs’ effectiveness after SCI is largely determined by its ability to inhibit Rho-A. NSAIDs are a promising therapeutic option in acute SCI patients because they appear to decrease cord edema and inflammation, increase axonal sprouting, and improve motor function with minimal side effects. Studies are limited by heterogeneity, small sample size, and the use of animal models, which might not replicate the therapeutic effects in humans. There are no published human studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of these drugs after a traumatic cord injury. There is a need for well-designed prospective studies evaluating ibuprofen or indomethacin after adult spinal cord injuries.

scholarly journals The efficacy of Schwann cell transplantation on motor function recovery after spinal cord injuries in animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Hosseini ◽  
Mahmoud Yousefifard ◽  
Masoud Baikpour ◽  
Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar ◽  
Farinaz Nasirinezhad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Function Recovery

scholarly journals Dietary Supplementation for Para-Athletes: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2016
Author(s):  
Keely A. Shaw ◽  
Gordon A. Zello ◽  
Brian Bandy ◽  
Jongbum Ko ◽  
Leandy Bertrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Sport Supplements ◽  
Cord Injury

The use of dietary supplements is high among athletes and non-athletes alike, as well as able-bodied individuals and those with impairments. However, evidence is lacking in the use of dietary supplements for sport performance in a para-athlete population (e.g., those training for the Paralympics or similar competition). Our objective was to examine the literature regarding evidence for various sport supplements in a para-athlete population. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, SPORTDiscus, MedLine, and Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Source. Fifteen studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in our review. Seven varieties of supplements were investigated in the studies reviewed, including caffeine, creatine, buffering agents, fish oil, leucine, and vitamin D. The evidence for each of these supplements remains inconclusive, with varying results between studies. Limitations of research in this area include the heterogeneity of the subjects within the population regarding functionality and impairment. Very few studies included individuals with impairments other than spinal cord injury. Overall, more research is needed to strengthen the evidence for or against supplement use in para-athletes. Future research is also recommended on performance in para-athlete populations with classifiable impairments other than spinal cord injuries.

scholarly journals High-Dose Methylprednisolone for Acute Closed Spinal Cord Injury - Only a Treatment Option

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hugenholtz ◽  
D.E. Cass ◽  
M.F. Dvorak ◽  
D.H. Fewer ◽  
R.J. Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cochrane Systematic Review ◽  
High Dose Methylprednisolone ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Level I

Background:A systematic review of the evidence pertaining to methylprednisolone infusion following acute spinal cord injury was conducted in order to address the persistent confusion about the utility of this treatment.Methods:A committee of neurosurgical and orthopedic spine specialists, emergency physicians and physiatrists engaged in active clinical practice conducted an electronic database search for articles about acute spinal cord injuries and steroids, from January 1, 1966 to April 2001, that was supplemented by a manual search of reference lists, requests for unpublished additional information, translations of foreign language references and study protocols from the author of a Cochrane systematic review and Pharmacia Inc. The evidence was graded and recommendations were developed by consensus.Results:One hundred and fifty-seven citations that specifically addressed spinal cord injuries and methylprednisolone were retrieved and 64 reviewed. Recommendations were based on one Cochrane systematic review, six Level I clinical studies and seven Level II clinical studies that addressed changes in neurological function and complications following methylprednisolone therapy.Conclusion:There is insufficient evidence to support the use of high-dose methylprednisolone within eight hours following an acute closed spinal cord injury as a treatment standard or as a guideline for treatment. Methylprednisolone, prescribed as a bolus intravenous infusion of 30 mg per kilogram of body weight over fifteen minutes within eight hours of closed spinal cord injury, followed 45 minutes later by an infusion of 5.4 mg per kilogram of bodyweight per hour for 23 hours, is only a treatment option for which there is weak clinical evidence (Level I- to II-1). There is insufficient evidence to support extending methylprednisolone infusion beyond 23 hours if chosen as a treatment option.

scholarly journals How to generate graded spinal cord injuries in swine?: Tools and procedures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Züchner ◽  
Manuel J. Escalona ◽  
Lena Hammerlund Teige ◽  
Evangelos Balafas ◽  
Lili Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Swine Model ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Large Animal Models ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Impact

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a medically, psychologically and socially disabling condition. A large body of our knowledge on the basic mechanisms of SCI has been gathered in rodents. For preclinical validation of promising therapies, the use of animal models that are closer to humans has several advantages. This has promoted a more intensive development of large animal models for SCI during the past decade. We have recently developed a multimodal SCI apparatus for large animals that generated biomechanically reproducible impacts in vivo. It is composed of a spring-load impactor and support systems for the spinal cord and the vertebral column. We now present the functional outcome of farm pigs and minipigs injured with different lesion strengths. There was a correlation between the biomechanical characteristics of the impact, the functional outcome, and the tissue damage observed several weeks after injury. We also provide a detailed description of the procedure to generate such a SCI in both farm pigs and minipigs, in the hope to ease the adoption of the swine model by other research groups.

scholarly journals Development of a New Formulation Based on In Situ Photopolymerized Polymer for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4274
Author(s):  
Gabrielle B. Novais ◽  
Stefane dos Santos ◽  
Robertta J. R. Santana ◽  
Rose N. P. Filho ◽  
John L. S. Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Light Curing ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
New Formulation

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) promotes a cascade of inflammatory events that are responsible for neuronal death and glial scar formation at the site of the injury, hindering tissue neuroregeneration. Among the main approaches for the treatment of SCI, the use of biomaterials, especially gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), has been proposed because it is biocompatible, has excellent mechanical properties, favoring cell adhesion and proliferation. In addition, it can act as a carrier of anti-inflammatory drugs, preventing the formation of glial scars. The present work presents the development and in situ application of a light-curing formulation based on GelMA containing a natural extract rich in anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective substances (hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis—HERP) in an experimental model of SCI in rats. The formulations were prepared and characterized by time of UV exposition, FTIR, swelling and degradation. The hydrogels containing 1 mg/mL of HERP were obtained by the exposure to UV radiation of 2 μL of the formulation for 60 s. The locomotor evaluation of the animals was performed by the scale (BBB) and demonstrated that after 3 and 7 days of the injury, the GelMA-HERP group (BBB = 5 and 7) presented greater recovery compared to the GelMA group (BBB = 4 and 5). Regarding the inflammatory process, using histomorphological techniques, there was an inflammation reduction in the groups treated with GelMA and GelMA-HERP, with decreases of cavitation in the injury site. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the use of GelMA and GelMA-HERP hydrogel formulations is a promising strategy for the treatment of SCI when applied in situ, as soon as possible after the injury, improving the clinical and inflammatory conditions of the treated animals.

scholarly journals Neuromuscular interaction is required for neurotrophins-mediated locomotor recovery following treadmill training in rat spinal cord injury

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinfeng Wu ◽  
Yana Cao ◽  
Chuanming Dong ◽  
Hongxing Wang ◽  
Qinghua Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Transection ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

Recent results have shown that exercise training promotes the recovery of injured rat distal spinal cords, but are still unclear about the function of skeletal muscle in this process. Herein, rats with incomplete thoracic (T10) spinal cord injuries (SCI) with a dual spinal lesion model were subjected to four weeks of treadmill training and then were treated with complete spinal transection at T8. We found that treadmill training retained hind limb motor function after incomplete SCI, even with a heavy load after complete spinal transection. Moreover, treadmill training alleviated the secondary injury in distal lumbar spinal motor neurons, and enhanced BDNF/TrkB expression in the lumbar spinal cord. To discover the influence of skeletal muscle contractile activity on motor function and gene expression, we adopted botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) to block the neuromuscular activity of the rat gastrocnemius muscle. BTX-A treatment inhibited the effects of treadmill training on motor function and BDNF/TrKB expression. These results indicated that treadmill training through the skeletal muscle-motor nerve-spinal cord retrograde pathway regulated neuralplasticity in the mammalian central nervous system, which induced the expression of related neurotrophins and promoted motor function recovery.

Effect of vitamins C and E on recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury: systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Hosseini ◽  
Arash Sarveazad ◽  
Asrin Babahajian ◽  
Masoud Baikpour ◽  
Alexander R Vaccaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Recovery Of Motor Function

Abstract Context Many animal studies have evaluated the role of vitamins in the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury, but their results have been contradictory and no consensus has been reached. Objective This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury in animal models. Data Sources Two authors independently collected the records of relevant articles published in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science through November 2018. Study Selection All studies conducted in animal models to evaluate the therapeutic effects of vitamin C or vitamin E or both on recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury were included. Studies that lacked a control group or a standard treatment, lacked an assessment of motor function, included genetically modified/engineered animals, included animals pretreated with vitamin C or vitamin E, or combined vitamin treatment with other methods, such as cell therapies, were excluded. Data Extraction Data from 10 articles met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis, conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Results Daily supplementation with vitamin C (P < 0.0001) and vitamin E (P < 0.0001) significantly improved the recovery of motor function in animals affected by spinal cord injury. Vitamin C supplementation is effective only when administered intraperitoneally (P < 0.0001). Concurrent supplementation with both vitamins does not show better efficacy than treatment with either one alone. Conclusion Administration of vitamin C and vitamin E in animal models of spinal cord injury significantly improves the recovery of motor function.

scholarly journals The Comparative Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury in Humans and Animal Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Louis D. V. Johnson ◽  
Mark R. Pickard ◽  
William E. B. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cord Injury

Animal models have been used in preclinical research to examine potential new treatments for spinal cord injury (SCI), including mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation. MSC transplants have been studied in early human trials. Whether the animal models represent the human studies is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis has examined the effects of MSC transplants in human and animal studies. Following searches of PubMed, Clinical Trials and the Cochrane Library, published papers were screened, and data were extracted and analysed. MSC transplantation was associated with significantly improved motor and sensory function in humans, and significantly increased locomotor function in animals. However, there are discrepancies between the studies of human participants and animal models, including timing of MSC transplant post-injury and source of MSCs. Additionally, difficulty in the comparison of functional outcome measures across species limits the predictive nature of the animal research. These findings have been summarised, and recommendations for further research are discussed to better enable the translation of animal models to MSC-based human clinical therapy.

scholarly journals Effects of Electroacupuncture at Governor Vessel Acupoints on Neurotrophin-3 in Rats with Experimental Spinal Cord Injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-ping Mo ◽  
Hai-jiang Yao ◽  
Wei Lv ◽  
Liang-yu Song ◽  
Hong-tao Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Tunel Staining ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Noninvasive Treatment ◽  
Neurotrophin 3 ◽  
Function Recovery ◽  
Cord Injury

In an effort to explore new, noninvasive treatment options for spinal cord injuries (SCI), this study investigated the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) for SCI rat models. SCI was induced by a modified Allen’s weight-drop method. We investigated the response of EA at Dazhui (GV 14) and Mingmen (GV 4) acupoints to understand the effects and mechanisms of EA in neuroprotection and neuronal function recovery after SCI. BBB testing was used to detect motor function of rats’ hind limbs among groups, and EA was shown to promote the recovery of SCI rats’ motor function. Nissl staining showed a restored neural morphology and an increase in the quantity of neurons after EA. Also, the antiapoptosis role was exposed by TUNEL staining. Western blotting analysis was used to determine the protein expression of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in spinal cord tissue. Compared to the sham group, the expression levels of NT-3 were significantly decreased and EA was shown to upregulate the expression of NT-3. The present study suggests that the role of EA in neuroprotection and dorsal neuronal function recovery after SCI in rats, especially EA stimulation at GV 14 and GV 4, can greatly promote neuronal function recovery, which may result from upregulating the expression of NT-3.

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