Prevalence of Shoulder Labral Injury in Collegiate Football Players at the National Football League Scouting Combine

Abstract Context: Considerable controversy regarding fluid replacement during exercise currently exists. Objective: To compare fluid turnover between National Football League (NFL) players who have constant fluid access and collegiate football players who replace fluids during water breaks in practices. Design: Observational study. Setting: Respective preseason training camps of 1 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II (DII) football team and 1 NFL football team. Both morning and afternoon practices for DII players were 2.25 hours in length, and NFL players practiced for 2.25 hours in the morning and 1 hour in the afternoon. Environmental conditions did not differ. Patients or Other Participants: Eight NFL players (4 linemen, 4 backs) and 8 physically matched DII players (4 linemen, 4 backs) participated. Intervention(s): All players drank fluids only from their predetermined individual containers. The NFL players could consume both water and sports drinks, and the DII players could only consume water. Main Outcome Measure(s): We measured fluid consumption, sweat rate, total sweat loss, and percentage of sweat loss replaced. Sweat rate was calculated as change in mass adjusted for fluids consumed and urine produced. Results: Mean sweat rate was not different between NFL (2.1 ± 0.25 L/h) and DII (1.8 ± 0.15 L/h) players (F1,12 = 2, P = .18) but was different between linemen (2.3 ± 0.2 L/h) and backs (1.6 ± 0.2 L/h) (t14 = 3.14, P = .007). We found no differences between NFL and DII players in terms of percentage of weight loss (t7 = −0.03, P = .98) or rate of fluid consumption (t7 = −0.76, P = .47). Daily sweat loss was greater in DII (8.0 ± 2.0 L) than in NFL (6.4 ± 2.1 L) players (t7 = −3, P = .02), and fluid consumed was also greater in DII (5.0 ± 1.5 L) than in NFL (4.0 ± 1.1 L) players (t7 = −2.8, P = .026). We found a correlation between sweat loss and fluids consumed (r = 0.79, P < .001). Conclusions: During preseason practices, the DII players drinking water at water breaks replaced the same volume of fluid (66% of weight lost) as NFL players with constant access to both water and sports drinks.

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Professional Football Scouts: An Investigation of Racial Stacking

Sociology of Sport Journal ◽

10.1123/ssj.21.4.356 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 356-375 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

J. R. Woodward

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

National Football League ◽

Football Players ◽

Professional Football ◽

White Athletes ◽

Collegiate Football

In this article the author examines sports guides that are dedicated to critiquing collegiate football players eligible for the annual National Football League amateur draft. An effort is made to assess whether the scouts in these guides describe collegiate players in ways that correspond with U.S. race logic as articulated by Coakley (1998). More specifically, the article focuses on the mental and physical descriptions of African American and White athletes by professional scouts. The results show that African American players are more likely to be described in physical terms (rather than mental terms) than are White players in the same positions.

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Performance Following Operative Versus Nonoperative Management of Labrum Pathology in Collegiate Football Players Entering the National Football League (NFL) Combine

Arthroscopy The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.arthro.2018.10.074 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (12) ◽

pp. e25

Author(s):

Salvatore J. Frangiamore ◽

Sandeep Mannava ◽

Colin Murphy ◽

Anthony Sanchez ◽

George Sanchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

National Football League ◽

Nonoperative Management ◽

Football Players ◽

Collegiate Football

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Molecular Deficits Relevant to Concussion Are Prevalent In Football Players Entering the NFL Draft

10.21203/rs.3.rs-429809/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Laura J Kunces ◽

John A Keenan ◽

Caleb M Schmidt ◽

Michael A. Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Brain Injury ◽

National Football League ◽

Metabolic Phenotype ◽

Football Players ◽

Reference Ranges ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Acid Ratio ◽

Poor Outcomes ◽

And Function ◽

Collegiate Football

Abstract BackgroundFactors influencing individual susceptibility to brain acceleration forces or to poor outcomes in brain injury are not well understood. Characterization of blood variants in athletes entering the highly competitive contact environment of professional football, when coupled with longitudinal follow-up of future concussion incidence and trajectory, may provide additional insight into factors that influence brain injury. We observed the metabolic phenotype of collegiate football players entering the 2016 National Football League (NFL) draft. The principal aims were to characterize the molecular status of individual athletes and quantify the prevalence of athletes with multiple concurrent molecular deficits. MethodsBlood was taken from 30 elite American collegiate football players seven weeks before the NFL scouting combine and 15-weeks before entering the NFL draft. ResultsAverage results revealed undesirable values in Omega-3 Index (avg ± std, 4.66 ± 1.16 %), AA:EPA fatty acid ratio (29.13 ± 10.78), homocysteine (11.4 ± 3.4 µmol/L), vitamin D (30 ± 11.4 ng/mL), and RBC magnesium (4.1 ± 0.8 mg/dL). Using sport optimized reference ranges from previously published research, 10% presented with 3, 40% presented with 4, and 50% of athletes presented with 5 undesirable values at once. ConclusionWe conclude molecular deficits in this cohort entering the NFL draft were common, with a significant number of athletes presenting with multiple abnormalities, all with relevant influence on brain health and function. This data warrants extensive metabolic phenotyping and prophylactic precision nutrition countermeasures for athletes entering contact environments.

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POST-CONCUSSIVE CHANGES IN BALANCE AND POSTURAL STABILITY MEASURED WITH CANESENSE™ AND THE BALANCE ERROR SCORING SYSTEM (BESS) IN DIVISION I COLLEGIATE FOOTBALL PLAYERS: A CASE SERIES

International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy ◽

10.26603/ijspt20190296 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 296-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luis A. Feigenbaum ◽

Kyoung J Kim ◽

Ignacio A. Gaunaurd ◽

Lee D. Kaplan ◽

Vincent A. Scavo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scoring System ◽

Postural Stability ◽

Case Series ◽

Division I ◽

Football Players ◽

Balance Error Scoring System ◽

Collegiate Football ◽

Balance Error

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Effect of Resisted Sprint and Plyometric Training on Lower Limb Functional Performance in Collegiate Male Football Players: A Randomised Control Trial

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18136702 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (13) ◽

pp. 6702

Author(s):

Shahnaz Hasan ◽

Gokulakannan Kandasamy ◽

Danah Alyahya ◽

Asma Alonazi ◽

Azfar Jamal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Performance ◽

Group Analysis ◽

Training Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Football Players ◽

Plyometric Training ◽

Sprint Training ◽

Short Term ◽

Hop Test ◽

Collegiate Football

The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the short-term effects of resisted sprint and plyometric training on sprint performance together with lower limb physiological and functional performance in collegiate football players. Ninety collegiate football players participated in this three-arm, parallel group randomized controlled trial study. Participants were randomly divided into a control group and two experimental groups: resisted sprint training (RST) (n = 30), plyometric training (PT) (n = 30), and a control group (n = 30). Participants received their respective training program for six weeks on alternate days. The primary outcome measures were a knee extensor strength test (measured by an ISOMOVE dynamometer), a sprint test and a single leg triple hop test. Measurements were taken at baseline and after 6 weeks post-training. Participants, caregivers, and those assigning the outcomes were blinded to the group assignment. A mixed design analysis of variance was used to compare between groups, within-group and the interaction between time and group. A within-group analysis revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) when compared to the baseline with the 6 weeks post-intervention scores for all the outcomes including STN (RST: d = 1.63; PT: d = 2.38; Control: d = 2.26), ST (RST: d = 1.21; PT: d = 1.36; Control: d = 0.38), and SLTHT (RST: d = 0.76; PT: d = 0.61; Control: d = 0.18). A sub-group analysis demonstrated an increase in strength in the plyometric training group (95% CI 14.73 to 15.09, p = 0.00), an increase in the single leg triple hop test in the resisted sprint training group (95% CI 516.41 to 538.4, p = 0.05), and the sprint test was also improved in both experimental groups (95% CI 8.54 to 8.82, p = 0.00). Our findings suggest that, during a short-term training period, RST or PT training are equally capable of enhancing the neuromechanical capacities of collegiate football players. No adverse events were reported by the participants.

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Effect of Turf Toe on Foot Contact Pressures in Professional American Football Players

Foot & Ankle International ◽

10.3113/fai-2009-0405 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 405-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Robert H. Brophy ◽

Seth C. Gamradt ◽

Scott J. Ellis ◽

Ronnie P. Barnes ◽

Scott A. Rodeo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

National Football League ◽

Peak Pressure ◽

American Football ◽

Football Players ◽

Plantar Pressures ◽

History Of ◽

Turf Toe ◽

The Relationship ◽

Contact Pressures

Background: The relationship between turf toe and plantar foot pressures has not been extensively studied. Two hypotheses were tested in a cohort of professional American football players: first, that a history of turf toe is associated with increased peak hallucal and first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) plantar pressures; second, that decreased range of motion (ROM) of the first MTP correlates with increased peak hallucal and first MTP plantar pressures. Materials and Methods: Forty-four athletes from one National Football League (NFL) team were screened for a history of turf toe during preseason training. Dorsal passive MTP ROM and dynamic plantar pressures were measured in both feet of each player. Anatomical masking was used to assess peak pressure at the first MTP and hallux. Results: First MTP dorsiflexion was significantly lower in halluces with a history of turf toe (40.6 ± 15.1 degrees versus 48.4 ± 12.8 degrees, p = 0.04). Peak hallucal pressures were higher in athletes with turf toe (535 ± 288 kPa versus 414 ± 202 kPa, p = 0.05) even after normalizing for athlete body mass index ( p = 0.0003). Peak MTP pressure was not significantly different between the two groups tested. First MTP dorsiflexion did not correlate with peak hallucal or first MTP pressures. Conclusion: This study showed that turf toe is associated with decreased MTP motion. In addition, increased peak hallucal pressures were found. Further study is warranted to determine whether these pressures correlate with the severity of symptoms or progression of turf toe to first MTP arthritis.

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