scholarly journals Characterizing the Prevalence of Cam-Type Hip Impingement in Professional Women’s Ice Hockey Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0013
Author(s):  
Cordelia W. Carter ◽  
Darryl Whitney ◽  
Abigail Campbell ◽  
Oren Feder ◽  
Matthew Kingery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Alpha Angle ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Cam Deformity ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Age Of Menarche ◽  
Cam Morphology

Background Recent studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in elite men’s ice hockey players, yet little is known about the hips of elite women’s ice hockey players. Purpose The primary purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of radiographic cam-type FAI in professional women’s ice hockey players in the National Women’s Hockey League (NWHL). The secondary purpose was to analyze the relationship between the presence of cam deformity and both hip range-of-motion (ROM) and age of menarche. Methods Clinical, radiographic and demographic data were collected during player pre-participation physicals. ROM measurements were performed with a goniometer. Alpha angles were measured on 45° Dunn radiographs, with alpha angles >55° defined as cam-positive ( Figure 1). Measurements were performed 3 separate times by 4 investigators. One-way ANOVA, independent means t-test and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results Twenty-six female athletes were included. Average menarchal age was 13.8 ±1.5 years. 24 (92%) had alpha angles >55°; 20 (77%) had bilateral cam deformity. Inter-rater reliability was excellent at 0.86. Intra-rater reliability was also excellent, with mean ICC=0.87 (range= 0.82-0.90 for each rater). There was a significant positive association between age of menarche and alpha angle (p<0.02, Figure 2). There was no association between alpha angle and hip ROM. Conclusion Elite female ice hockey players have a higher prevalence of cam morphology than the general population. The positive association between alpha angle and age of menarche supports the etiological hypothesis of the cam lesion resulting from activity-related stress at the proximal femoral physis during a period of physiologic vulnerability. Professional women’s ice hockey players have a high risk of developing cam morphology of the proximal femur, although each player’s age of menarche may mediate her individual risk for cam lesion development. [Figure: see text][Figure: see text]

scholarly journals Characterizing the Prevalence of Cam-Type Hip Impingement in Women’s Professional Ice Hockey Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0042
Author(s):  
Darryl C. Whitney ◽  
Samuel L. Baron ◽  
Matthew T. Kingery ◽  
Abigail L. Campbell ◽  
Guillem Gonzalez-Lomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Alpha Angle ◽  
Radiographic Finding ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Cam Deformity ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Age Of Menarche

Objectives: Participation rates in women’s ice hockey is increasing in North America. Recent studies have demonstrated an increased prevalence of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in elite male ice hockey players, yet little is known about hip pathology of players in the National Women’s Hockey League (NWHL). The primary purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of radiographic FAI in women’s professional ice hockey players. The secondary purpose was to analyze the relationship between the presence of radiographic cam deformity and hip ROM, clinical impingement signs and age of menarche. Methods: In this IRB-approved study, physical examination and demographic data were prospectively collected for 27 NWHL players. Alpha angles were measured on 45-degree Dunn views with an alpha angle &gt55° defined as cam-positive. Pearson correlations were performed to analyze the relationship between alpha angle and ROM measurements, clinical impingement signs and self-reported age of menarche. Players were grouped into those with and without cam impingement and group differences were assessed using the student’s t-test. Statistical significance was set at p&lt0.05. Results: Twenty-seven athletes were included in the study. Nineteen of the 27 players (70%) had radiologic evidence of cam-type impingement with alpha angle &gt55 degrees; 14 players (52%) had bilateral cam deformity. The average age of menarche was 13.9±1.5 years. There was a significant association between age of menarche and right alpha angle (R=0.57, CI [0.16, 0.81], p=0.011), as well as age of menarche and left alpha angle (R=0.48, CI [0.03, 0.77], p=0.039). There was no statistically significant association between alpha angle and any ROM measurement. Additionally, there was no difference in the incidence of clinical impingement for players with or without an alpha angle &gt55°. Conclusion: This study suggests that elite female ice hockey players have a significantly higher prevalence of cam-type morphology than the general population. The clinical significance of this radiographic finding is uncertain as the majority of these deformities seem to be asymptomatic. Interestingly, the positive association between alpha angle and age of menarche lends support to the etiological hypothesis that cam lesions are a result of activity-related stress at the proximal femoral physis. This data suggests that players with earlier menarche (and therefore earlier physeal closure) seem to be less vulnerable to the development of cam deformity of the proximal femur.

A Cam Morphology Develops in the Early Phase of the Final Growth Spurt in Adolescent Ice Hockey Players: Results of a Prospective MRI-based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus S. Hanke ◽  
Florian Schmaranzer ◽  
Simon D. Steppacher ◽  
Stephan Reichenbach ◽  
Stefan F. Werlen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Phase ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Cam Morphology

scholarly journals CAM-type femoroacetabular impingement in male elite junior cross-country skiers and non-athlete controls: a cross-sectional MRI study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simen Andreas Sveen ◽  
R Kyle Martin ◽  
Eivind Alhaug ◽  
Lars Engebretsen
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Femoroacetabular Impingement ◽  
Alpha Angle ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cam Deformity ◽  
Cross Country

ObjectivesCross-country (CC) skiing consists of two main techniques: classic and skating. Hip motion during the skating technique is similar to that in ice skating and is considered a risk factor for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in ice hockey players. We aimed to compare the presence of CAM-type FAI in a cohort of elite junior CC (EJCC) skiers with a control group of non-athlete (NA) high school students.MethodsObservational cohort study: EJCC skiers and NAs were recruited from a sports school and a regular high school, respectively. Baseline demographics and training history were obtained via a questionnaire. Bilateral hip MRI was performed and the alpha angle was measured in three planes. CAM deformity was defined as an alpha angle>55° on at least two MRI planes per hip.ResultsA total of 20 EJCC skiers and 10 NAs participated. All participants were male, aged 16–19 years. Average training volume was 528.10±68.34 hours per year for the EJCC skiers compared with 153.50±57.09 for the NAs (p<0.001). The prevalence of CAM deformity in at least one hip on MRI was 50% in both groups (10 CC skiers and 5 NAs). The average alpha angles were 52.4±6.1° in the EJCC group and 52.5±4.9° in the NA group (p=0.94).ConclusionRadiographic evidence of CAM-type FAI was not more common in the CC skiers compared with NAs. The type, rather than volume or intensity of training, maybe a more important risk factor for the development of CAM-type FAI in young athletes.

Origin of Cam Morphology in Femoroacetabular Impingement

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 478-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Z. Morris ◽  
Ryan T. Li ◽  
Raymond W. Liu ◽  
Michael J. Salata ◽  
James E. Voos
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Proximal Femur ◽  
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis ◽  
Alpha Angle ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Cam Deformity ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Cam Morphology ◽  
Head Neck

Cam morphology of the proximal femur is an abnormal contour of the femoral head-neck junction present in approximately 15% to 25% of the asymptomatic population, predominantly in males. Alpha angle and femoral head-neck offset ratio are 2 objective measurement tools that define cam morphology. Both primary (idiopathic) and secondary cam deformity develops through distinct mechanisms. The cause of primary (idiopathic) cam morphology remains incompletely understood. Mounting evidence suggests that idiopathic cam morphology develops during adolescence through alterations in the capital femoral epiphysis in response to participation in vigorous sporting activity. While the exact cause of epiphyseal extension has not yet been determined, preliminary evidence suggests that epiphyseal extension may reflect a short-term adaptive response to provide stability to the physis at the long-term cost of the development of cam morphology. Commonly recognized causes of secondary cam deformity include frank slipped capital femoral epiphysis, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, and deformity after fracture of the proximal femur. Recent studies also support subtle slipped capital femoral epiphysis as a unique and silent cause of a small percentage of subjects previously thought to have idiopathic cam deformity.

Optimal Treatment of Cam Morphology May Change the Natural History of Femoroacetabular Impingement

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2887-2896
Author(s):  
Benjamin G. Domb ◽  
Shawn Annin ◽  
Jeffrey W. Chen ◽  
Cynthia Kyin ◽  
Philip J. Rosinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Alpha Angle ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Harris Hip Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cam Deformity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modified Harris Hip Score ◽  
Cam Morphology

Background: There is debate in the literature whether cam morphology is associated with increased risk for hip osteoarthritis. The capability of femoroplasty to alter the natural history of cam morphology is still in question. Purpose: To (1) investigate the correlation between cam morphology and damage to the articular cartilage and (2) assess whether correction of the cam morphology affects survivorship of the joint, progression to arthroplasty, and functional patient-reported outcome scores. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Data were prospectively collected for patients presenting for hip arthroscopy between February 2008 and April 2017. Cases were divided into 3 groups: control group with an alpha angle <50° pre- and postoperatively, treated group with an alpha angle >55° preoperatively and <50° postoperatively, and a group with an alpha angle >55° pre- and postoperatively. All patients had minimum 2-year postoperative follow-up for the modified Harris Hip Score, the Non-arthritic Hip Score, and visual analog scale for pain. Conversion to total hip arthroplasty was recorded. Results: A 1:1:1 match successfully yielded 98 hips for each group. Follow-up time was 50.77 ± 24.60 months (mean ± SD). The pre- and postoperative mean alpha angles were 45.2°± 3.4° and 40.6°± 4.3° in the control group, respectively; 66.2°± 8.4° and 42.3°± 5.9° in the treated group; and 68.5°± 9.4° and 61.4°± 7.6° in the alpha >55° group. Intraoperatively, the alpha >55° and treated groups had greater acetabular cartilage damage than the control group ( P = .0245 and P = .0036, acetabular labrum articular disruption, respectively; P = .0347 and P = .0211, acetabular Outerbridge). The alpha >55° group achieved the patient acceptable symptomatic state for the modified Harris Hip Score (58.2%) significantly less than the treated (75.5%; P = .0100) and control (73.5%; P = .0239) groups. Progression to arthroplasty was significantly higher in the alpha >55° group (n = 17) when compared with the control (n = 8) and treated (n = 10) groups ( P = .0034 and P = .0338, respectively). Conclusion: Cam deformity was associated with higher-grade damage of the acetabular articular cartilage. An alpha angle >55° after surgery was associated with lower native hip joint survivability and less successful functional outcomes when compared with that of treated cam deformity as well as no deformity. These data suggest that correcting the cam deformity may positively affect the natural history of these patients.

Head protectors for ice hockey players

1997 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Hockey Players

A study on Characteristics of Blood Component and Cardiorespiratory Function in Adult Ice-hockey Players Classified by Positions

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 977-986
Author(s):  
Chang-Young Lee ◽  
Soo-Kyung Lee ◽  
In-Tae Ko
Keyword(s):  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Blood Component ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Function ◽  
Hockey Players

Career Transition Process of Former Korean National Ice Hockey Players

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
박두제 ◽  
Young Shin Won
Keyword(s):  
Transition Process ◽  
Career Transition ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Hockey Players
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