scholarly journals Pectoralis Major Ruptures in the National Football League: Incidence, RTP, and Performance Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 232596712110187
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Wise ◽  
Anna M. Ptasinski ◽  
Robert A. Gallo
Keyword(s):  
National Football League ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Player Performance ◽  
The Impact

Background: While pectoralis major (PM) tears are rare injuries in National Football League (NFL) athletes (previous study reported only 10 PM ruptures between 2000 and 2010), the incidence of these injuries has increased over the past decade. The impact these injuries have on a player’s performance after return has not been measured. Purpose/Hypothesis: To identify player characteristics that may predispose to PM tears and to determine the impact of this injury on return to play and performance. We hypothesized that there would be no difference in performance between the year before and after their injury. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: NFL players who experienced PM tears between the years 2010 and 2018 were identified using publicly available reports. Several individual player characteristics were identified and recorded, and the return-to-play rates after injury were determined for each position. The pre- and postinjury Pro Football Focus grades of players who met inclusion criteria were compared. A paired t test analysis of the change in player performance was used for analysis. Results: In this study, 63 ruptures were identified between 2010 and 2018. Linebackers had the highest incidence of PM tear compared with any other position. Of all injuries, 79.3% were sustained by defensive players. The majority of PM tears occurred during games. Only 6.9% of players who sustained the injury were suspended for performance-enhancing drug use during their professional career. A total of 85.7% of players returned to play in the NFL after injury. Among those who returned to play there were no significant changes in player performance from pre- to post-injury. Conclusion: NFL players demonstrated 85.7% return-to-play rates and no significant drop-off in performance after PM ruptures. During the time period studied, there was an increase in incidence of PM ruptures compared with the previous decade. Further investigation is needed to determine potential causes for the increased incidence of PM ruptures in NFL players.

scholarly journals Outcomes of Concussion Injuries to Running Backs and Wide Receivers in the National Football League

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0041
Author(s):  
Kelechi R. Okoroha ◽  
Toufic Raja Jildeh ◽  
Kevin Taylor ◽  
Patrick Buckley ◽  
Samir Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Football League ◽  
Football Player ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Player Performance ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Concussion injuries are common in professional football players, however the impact on player careers remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of concussions on professional football player performance. Methods: Concussion data from the National Football League was collected for a period of four seasons (2012-2015) for running backs and wide receivers. Demographic variables (age, experience, position, time to return, yearly total yards and touchdowns) were recorded. Power ratings (total yards divided by 10 plus touchdowns multiplied by 6) were calculated for the injury season as well as for the 3 seasons before and after the injury. A control group consisted of running backs and wide receivers without an identified concussion injury who competed in the 2014 season. Results: One hundred and eighteen running backs and wide receivers sustained a concussion over a 4-season period, 25 players (21%) never returned to a National Football League game. Players were able to return in an average of 18.5 ± 8.2 days, missing 1.6 ± 1.0 games. For 18 players with a minimum total power rating of (sum of 4 seasons) of 200 points, power rating per game decreased 43.4 ± 0.4 points from three seasons prior to the concussion to three years postinjury. This change in performance was not statistically significant (P=0.422) when compared with the change for the 343 control players. Conclusion: Over one fifth of National Football League running backs and wide receivers who sustain a concussion never return to play in a game. On return to competition, player performance of injured players reduced from before injury, however there was no difference compared to controls.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Outcomes of Achilles Tendon Ruptures in the National Football League

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011417S0003
Author(s):  
Selene Parekh ◽  
Jay Shah
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Tendon Rupture ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Achilles Tendon Rupture ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Tendon Ruptures ◽  
Player Performance

Category: Ankle, Sports Introduction/Purpose: While much less common than ankle sprains and other sports injuries, Achilles tendon ruptures have represented unexpected and potentially career-altering injuries for professional football athletes in the National Football League (NFL). Over the past decade, the technique for surgical repair of the ruptured Achilles tendon has evolved. Mini-open and percutaneous techniques have become more common, allowing for the minimization of wound complications and expediting the rehabilitation of athletes. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to update the epidemiology of Achilles tendon ruptures in the NFL, and to analyze how recovery and post-injury performance of professional football players with this injury have progressed in the last two decades. Methods: Several online sources including NFL news and injury reports, player registries, and player statistic databases were cross-referenced to conduct a retrospective identification of all NFL players sustaining complete Achilles tendon ruptures during the 2010-2015 NFL seasons. Yearly player performance statistics were also obtained and recorded for both offensive and defensive players. A power rating formula and “approximate value” algorithm, commonly used to evaluate player production, were borrowed to calculate yearly Offensive and Defensive performance metrics for each injured player. These calculated measurements were used to quantify both offensive and defensive player performance up to 3 seasons before and after their respective Achilles tendon rupture injuries, allowing for each player to serve as his own control. Results: 78 Achilles tendon ruptures were identified in professional football players during the 2010-2015 NFL seasons. 58% of these injuries occurred during the preseason. Of those that suffered an Achilles tendon rupture, 26% did not ever return to play in the NFL. Players who did return to play in the NFL took an average of 9 months to recover after the date of injury. Across all positions, there was a net decrease in power ratings by 22% and a net decrease in approximate value by 23% over 3 years following player return after Achilles tendon rupture. Across all positions, running backs saw the biggest decrease in production with a 78% decrease over 3 years post-injury in both power ratings and approximate value. Conclusion: While the incidence of Achilles tendon ruptures in NFL players, especially in the preseason, has increased substantially, more players are returning to play after injury and with better post-injury performance as compared to the previous two decades. These injuries should still be considered potentially career-altering as 26% of players never return to play after Achilles tendon ruptures and there is still a net decrease in power-ratings by 22% for those who do return. However, these numbers optimistically suggest that advancements in treatment protocol and rehabilitation are resulting in faster recovery and improved performance after Achilles tendon ruptures in NFL players.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Impact on Performance of Lower Extremity Stress Injuries in Professional Basketball Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moin Khan ◽  
Kim Madden ◽  
M. Tyrrell Burrus ◽  
Joseph P. Rogowski ◽  
Jeff Stotts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Professional Basketball ◽  
Stress Injuries ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Player Performance

Background: Professional basketball players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) subject their lower extremities to significant repetitive loading during both regular-season and off-season training. Little is known about the incidence of lower extremity bony stress injuries and their impact on return to play and performance in these athletes. Hypothesis: Stress injuries of the lower extremity will have significant impact on performance. Study Design: Case series. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: All bony stress injuries from 2005 to 2015 were identified from the NBA. Number of games missed due to injury and performance statistics were collected from 2 years prior to injury to 2 years after the injury. A linear regression analysis was performed to determine the impact of injury for players who returned to sport. Results: A total of 76 lower extremity bony stress injuries involving 75 NBA players (mean age, 25.4 ± 4.1 years) were identified. Fifty-five percent (42/76) involved the foot, and most injuries occurred during the regular season (82.9%, 63/76), with half occurring within the first 6 weeks. Among players who sustained a fifth metatarsal stress fracture, 42.9% were unable to return to professional play. Players who sustained stress injuries had reduced play performance, specifically related to number of games played ( P = 0.014) and number of steals per game ( P = 0.004). Players who had surgery had significantly better performance at 2 years than those who were managed nonoperatively, independent of the type of injury (β = 4.561; 95% CI, 1.255-7.868). Conclusion: Lower extremity bony stress injuries may significantly affect both short- and long-term player performance and career length. Stress injuries result in decreased player performance, and surgical intervention results in improved performance metrics compared with those treated using conservative methods. Clinical Relevance: Stress injuries result in decreased player performance, and surgical intervention results in improved performance metrics.

scholarly journals Return to Play (RTP) and Performance in the Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA) Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction (194)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0030
Author(s):  
Joseph Tramer ◽  
Lafi Khalil ◽  
Alexander Ziedas ◽  
Muhammad Abbas ◽  
Nima Mehran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
And Performance

Objectives: The incidence of ACL injuries in WNBA athletes has been on the rise, despite the high rates of ACL injury there is a paucity of recent research examining the effect of ACL reconstruction on RTP and performance in these athletes. This cohort study seeks to quantify the effect of ACL reconstruction on RTP and performance on WNBA athletes. Methods: All ACL tears sustained in the WNBA from 1997-2018 were identified. BMI, age and position at the time of injury were collected for each player. RTP rates were calculated and performance data was collected for each player before and after injury to determine changes in playing time and statistical performance. Players who successfully RTP after ACL reconstruction were compared to a group of healthy controls who were matched by age, years of experience, position, height, and BMI. Statistics at one year and three years’ post-injury were compared to assess acute and longitudinal changes in performance relative to pre-injury baseline. Results: A total of fifty-nine WNBA players sustained an isolated ACL tear during the study period. Forty-one (69.5%) were able to RTP. There was no difference in demographic characteristics between forty-one players and matched controls. Following RTP athletes played an average of 7.5±12.8 fewer games, 5.1±9.2 fewer minutes per game, and scored 3.7±5.0 less points per game in their first year compared to the year prior to injury. (Table1) When compared to matched controls, WNBA players returning from ACL reconstruction demonstrated a significant decline in games played, games started, minutes per game, rebounds, assists, and blocks per game in their first season after RTP. These differences resolved by year three post-surgery (Table 2). Conclusions: There is a high RTP rate following ACL reconstruction in WNBA athletes. Players may experience a decrease in playing time and performance initially when returning to play, however these variables were found to return to baseline over time.

scholarly journals Performance-Based Outcomes Following Symptomatic Pars Injuries in American Professional Baseball Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0040
Author(s):  
Heath P. Gould ◽  
Robert Daniel Winkelman ◽  
Joseph Tanenbaum ◽  
Emily Hu ◽  
Colin M. Haines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
Player Performance ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Previous studies in the evidence-based literature suggest that lumbar spine injuries can lead to a significant decrease in athletic performance. This phenomenon is particularly evident in sports that require repetitive truncal rotation, such as baseball. Although we have previously characterized the natural history of symptomatic spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in professional baseball players, no prior study has investigated the impact of pars injuries on player performance in this patient population. The purpose of this study was to report performance-based outcomes following symptomatic pars injuries in elite-level baseball athletes. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among all professional baseball players who presented with a symptomatic pars defect between 2011 and 2016. Both Major League and Minor League players were enrolled using a de-identified injury surveillance database maintained by the MLB. Lumbar spine imaging reports were reviewed to confirm the radiologic diagnosis of spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis. Players were stratified according to baseball position (pitcher vs. position player). Primary outcome measures for pitchers were earned run average (ERA) and walks plus hits per inning pitched (WHIP), while primary outcomes for position players were batting average (AVG) and on-base plus slugging (OPS). Paired t tests were used to compare pre-injury statistical performance to post-injury performance, with p < 0.05 treated as statistically significant. Results: During the defined study period, 75 players presented with low-back pain in the setting of a pars defect. 47 players were diagnosed with spondylolysis (62.7%), while 28 were diagnosed with spondylolisthesis (37.3%). Of those individuals, 19 players were excluded due to incomplete statistical data in the MLB injury surveillance system. Pre-injury vs. post-injury statistical comparisons are presented in Table 1. Pitching performance after the pars injury did not significantly differ with regard to the primary outcome measures, ERA (3.45 vs. 4.73; p = 0.25) and WHIP (1.28 vs. 1.47; p = 0.26). There was also no significant difference in any of the secondary outcomes - runs per 9 innings (R/9), hits per 9 innings (H/9), walks per 9 innings (BB/9), strikeouts per 9 innings (K/9), home runs per 9 innings (HR/9), and strikeout-to-walk ratio (K/BB). Similarly, batting performance among position players did not significantly differ from pre-injury to post-injury with regard to the primary outcomes, AVG (.261 vs. .256; p = 0.59) and OPS (.672 vs. .667; p = 0.87), or any of the secondary outcomes - on-base percentage (OBP), slugging percentage (SLG), runs per plate appearance (R/PA), hits per plate appearance (H/PA), runs batted in per plate appearance (RBI/PA), extra-base hits per plate appearance (XBH/PA), home runs per plate appearance (HR/PA), and walk-to-strikeout ratio (BB/K). Conclusion: This study represents the most comprehensive analysis of the impact of symptomatic pars injuries on MLB player performance. While previous studies suggest that lumbar injuries lead to shorter careers in both pitchers and position players, our current data demonstrate that pars defects do not cause a significant decrease in performance when MLB athletes return to play following these injury episodes. Given the limitations of our study design, larger prospective investigations are needed to validate these conclusions. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Optimal Time to Return to Play and Performance After Jones Fracture Surgery in the National Football League

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011417S0000
Author(s):  
Selene Parekh ◽  
Jay Shah
Keyword(s):  
National Football League ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Repeat Surgery ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Jones Fracture ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fracture Surgery

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot, Sports Introduction/Purpose: While rare, Jones fractures represent an acute and devastating injury to National Football League (NFL) players. Although Jones fractures in the general population have been researched extensively, not much is known about the epidemiology and post-injury effects of these fractures on the professional football athlete. Furthermore, early season injuries to high-profile NFL players have led to an increased pressure to return to play more quickly. It is unknown how this accelerated timeline to recovery affects post-injury performance and post-surgical complications necessitating repeat surgeries. Therefore, the objectives of our study were to produce an updated epidemiology of Jones fractures and analyze how quicker recovery times affect post-injury performance and re-fracture rates in NFL players. Methods: Several online sources including a compiled injury database provided by FantasyData, NFL news sites, and injury reports were cross-referenced to conduct a retrospective identification of all NFL players sustaining a Jones fracture injury necessitating surgery from the 2010-2015 NFL seasons. For each injury, time to recovery and return to play was obtained, and players were separated into two groups: those returning to play in less than 9 weeks from surgery and those returning greater than 9 weeks after surgery. Each included player was followed to identify repeated surgeries for the same injury. Yearly player performance metrics were also obtained and recorded for all players. An “approximate value” algorithm, commonly used to standardize and track player production across positions, was adapted to calculate yearly performance values for each injured player up to 3 years before and after each Jones fracture surgery, allowing each player to serve as his own control. Results: 42 Jones fractures were identified during the 2010-2015 NFL seasons. 15 players returned to the field in 9 weeks or less after surgery, with 9 requiring a second Jones fracture surgery. 27 players returned to the field greater than 9 weeks after surgery, with 4 requiring a repeat surgery. There was an average decrease in performance by 53.2% in those players returning in 9 weeks or less after their first Jones fracture surgery, compared to a 9.4% increase in performance in those players returning after at least 9 weeks from their first Jones fracture surgery. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that a quickened timeline to recovery after Jones fracture injuries to NFL players can lead to poorer outcomes. There was a statistically significant greater increase in need for second Jones fracture surgery and greater decrease in performance for players returning to play in less than 9 weeks after Jones fracture surgery. Although professional players are frequently pressured to return to play as quickly as possible after these injuries, it may be more advantageous in terms of post-injury performance and career longevity to extend the timeline for recovery.

scholarly journals Adductor Muscle Injuries in UEFA Soccer Athletes: A Matched-Cohort Analysis of Injury Rate, Return to Play, and Player Performance From 2000 to 2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 232596712110230
Author(s):  
Ophelie Lavoie-Gagne ◽  
Nabil Mehta ◽  
Sumit Patel ◽  
Matthew R. Cohn ◽  
Enrico Forlenza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Player Performance

Background: The effects of adductor muscle injury on performance in soccer athletes are unknown. Purpose: To (1) determine the rate and time to return to play (RTP) after adductor muscle injury, (2) investigate the rate of reinjury after RTP, and (3) investigate any long-term effects of injury on elite soccer player performance. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Using publicly available records, athletes sustaining adductor muscle injury were identified across the 5 major European soccer leagues (English Premier League, Bundesliga, La Liga, Ligue 1, and Serie A) between 2000 and 2015. Injured athletes were matched to controls by demographic characteristics and performance metrics from 1 season before the index timepoint. Investigations included the rate of RTP, reinjuries, player characteristics associated with RTP within 2 seasons, player availability, field time, and performance metrics during the 4 seasons after injury. Results: A total of 671 players with adductor muscle injury were included. Based on time to RTP, 86% of injuries were mild to moderate (4-28 days missed), and 4% required surgical intervention. Players with adductor muscle injury were absent for a median of 22 days (range, 1-700 days) and 4 games (range, 1-76 games). A total of 521 (78%) players returned at the same level, with no demographic or clinical characteristics associated with RTP on the multivariable regression. Of those returning to play, 143 (21%) experienced adductor reinjury. After RTP, defenders demonstrated decreased field time compared with controls ( P < .05). As compared with controls, defenders and midfielders scored more points and goals per game during the season of the injury ( P < .01), while attackers recorded more goals and assists per game the season after injury ( P < .05). Conclusion: Only 3 in 4 players (78%) returned to participate in an official match, and the reinjury rate was high (21%). After RTP, defenders demonstrated decreased field time versus controls. On the other hand, defenders and midfielders recorded more points and goals per game, while attackers recorded more goals and assists per game versus controls. Although the multivariable analysis results did not identify player characteristics associated with RTP, there was a position-dependent association on player performance after RTP.

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