Meeting the Core Competencies for Public Health Professionals Using Backward Design

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devrim Ozdemir ◽  
Pamela A. Duffy

The mission of public health programs is to prepare competent public health professionals for a dynamic workforce. One way to accomplish this mission is to design curricula that support learners’ competency attainment in today’s public health practice. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the actual steps taken to ensure that graduates meet public health core competencies. The major stages of this process are (a) backward design of the curriculum, (b) front-end analysis of the curriculum, and (c) back-end analysis of the curriculum. The backward design stage aligns a course curriculum with the core competencies. Front-end analysis provides evidence that the overall program curriculum aligns with the core competencies. The back-end analysis provides evidence of learners’ competency attainment. All three phases embed principles of continuous improvement to benefit the curriculum through a feedback-loop mechanism. Challenges, opportunities, and future directions for academic leaders of curriculum program development are discussed.

Author(s):  
Lauren E. Wallar ◽  
Andrew Papadopoulos

The University of Guelph Master of Public Health program is a professional degree program that seeks to prepare graduates to meet complex public health needs by developing their proficiency in the 36 public health core competencies. Provision of experiential learning opportunities, such as a semester-long practicum, is part of student development. In the Fall 2013 semester, a new opportunity was introduced in which small groups of students were paired with local public health professionals to complete a capstone business plan assignment that addressed a current public health issue. However, the impact of this external collaboration on the student learning experience was unknown. To address this, quantitative and qualitative information about students’ perceived proficiency in the core competencies and their learning experiences was collected using a pre/post survey and focus groups, respectively. A post-assignment survey was also administered to participating local public health professionals in which they assessed their group’s proficiency in the core competencies, and provided additional feedback. The results of this study showed that students had unique learning experiences with enhanced proficiency in different areas including policy and program planning, implementation and evaluation, assessment and analysis, and partnerships, collaboration and advocacy. Managing and communicating expectations was important throughout the learning experience. By using realistic community-based assignments, graduate public health programs can enrich students’ learning experiences by creating an environment for students to apply their classroom knowledge and gain practical knowledge and skills. Le programme de maîtrise en santé publique de l’Université de Guelph est un programme menant à l’obtention d’un grade professionnel qui prépare les diplômés à répondre aux besoins complexes en santé publique et leur permet d’acquérir 36 compétences principales en santé publique. Le développement des étudiants comprend des occasions d’apprentissage par l’expérience, telles que des stages d’une durée d’un semestre. Au cours du semestre d’automne 2013, une nouvelle occasion a été inaugurée, selon laquelle de petits groupes d’étudiants ont été jumelés avec des professionnels en santé publique de la localité afin de mettre au point un plan d’affaires cadre qui réponde à une question de santé publique qui se posait à ce moment-là. Toutefois, l’impact de cette collaboration externe sur l’apprentissage des étudiants restait inconnu. Pour répondre à cette question, des renseignements quantitatifs et qualitatifs sur la manière dont les étudiants ont perçu l’acquisition de leurs compétences dans les domaines principaux de compétences, ainsi que des détails sur leurs expériences d’apprentissage, ont été recueillis par le biais de sondages menés avant et après l’expérimentation ainsi que par des groupes cibles. Un sondage mené après l’expérimentation a également été mené auprès des professionnels en santé publique de la localité, dans lequel ceux-ci ont évalué les acquisitions de leur groupe dans les compétences principales, et ont fourni des commentaires supplémentaires. Les résultats de cette étude ont montré que les étudiants ont vécu des expériences d’apprentissage uniques qui ont amélioré leurs compétences dans divers domaines, y compris la planification de programmes et de politiques, la mise en oeuvre et l’évaluation, l’estimation et l’analyse, ainsi que les partenariats, la collaboration et le rôle de la promotion. La gestion et la communication des attentes ont été importantes tout au long de l’expérience d’apprentissage. Le fait d’utiliser des tâches réalistes basées dans la communauté permet aux programmes de santé publique de cycles supérieurs d’enrichir l’expérience d’apprentissage des étudiants car cela crée un environnement dans lequel les étudiants mettent en application des connaissances apprises en salle de classe et acquièrent des connaissances et des compétences pratiques.


2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Natasha Lee

AbstractThe current agenda in public health training in higher education works to produce well-trained public health professionals. Operating within a western pedagogical framework it aims to build a cohort of critical and analytical thinkers, skilful problem solvers and extraordinary communicators across key disciplines in health. Many graduates possess interdisciplinary specialities, skills and knowledge transferable within health and other sectors. Core competencies in the curricula, which notably does not currently include Indigenous health, are considered the foundational platform of theory and practical understandings of public health and the health system. Despite a framework that aims to produce health professionals capable of improving the health of the population as a whole; the lack of engagement with an Indigenous health criticality maintains a longstanding Australian public health tradition of failure when it comes to addressing the health disparities experienced by Indigenous people. As a recent Indigenous public health graduate with practical training and experience working in the public health system, I consider possibilities for decolonising the curricula through an Indigenist approach to health, including theories of transformative learning which could strengthen public health practice and in turn facilitate the changes necessary to improving Indigenous health outcomes.


Author(s):  
Michael R. Fraser ◽  
Jay C. Butler

A public health guide to ending the opioid crisis is needed to help frame efforts to go “upstream” and address the root causes of substance use disorder and addiction. In this introduction, the editors provide an overview of the book’s three parts (Fundamentals and Frameworks; Connecting Clinical Perspectives and Public Health Practice; Moving Upstream—Prevention, Partnership, and Public Health). While a great deal of prior work has focused on the clinical aspects of the opioid epidemic, more is needed to address the community-level aspects, including addressing the root causes of addiction, and where public health professionals can intervene at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of prevention. The case is made for increasing effort in the areas of primary prevention and policy change to support effective opioid stewardship at the local, state, and federal levels. The editors conclude by stating that communities will not “arrest” or “treat” their way out of this crisis. Instead, we have to redouble efforts to prevent addiction and address the clinical and community aspects of what drives an individual to become addicted in the first place.


2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Price ◽  
Jagdish Khubchandani ◽  
Fern J. Webb

More than a tenth of the U.S. population (13% = 41 million people) is currently living in poverty. In this population, the socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental conditions have detrimental health effects such as higher rates of chronic diseases, communicable illnesses, health risk behaviors, and premature mortality. People living in poverty are also deprived of social, psychological, and political power, leading to continuation of worsening health and chronic deprivation over generations. The health of individuals living in poverty poses greater challenges from policy, practice, and research standpoints. Public health professionals are poised uniquely to be advocates for the marginalized, be the resource persons for health education, implement health promotion programs, and conduct research to understand health effects of poverty and design tailored and targeted public health interventions. In this article, we summarize the opportunities for public health practice with individuals living in poverty.


2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1184-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Shi ◽  
Lihua Fan ◽  
Hai Xiao ◽  
Zhenkang Chen ◽  
Xinfa Tong ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The purpose of the study was to construct a general model of the competencies required by Chinese public health physicians. This study is intended to lay the foundation for promoting reform of public health education in China, and may help perfect the testing and grading system of public health courses. Methods The behavioral event interviews were used to collect data on knowledge, skills and performance characteristics of public health physicians for coping with public health events. A random stratified sampling survey was used to select public health professionals and workers from different public health institutions in 14 provinces (municipalities or autonomous regions) of China. We then purposively selected 150 senior public health professionals from various agencies and 85 senior public health educators at colleges and universities to take part in the checklist survey. Finally, three times expert consultations were performed to determine the dimensions and elements of the general competency model for Chinese public health physicians. Results The age range of the 3245 participants was 18–65 years old. When comparing public health professionals and public health education specialists, we found significant differences in the perceived importance of the core competencies between these groups. The model was revised several times and finalized through the expert consultations, and comprised seven competency dimensions. Conclusion The final public health practitioner competency model comprised seven competency dimensions: basic knowledge of medicine, public health knowledge, health management and health promotion, specialized skills, research and development, comprehensive abilities and professionalism.


2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Angélica Alonso-Álvarez ◽  
Marco Antonio Zavala-González ◽  
Carlos Enrique Cabrera-Pivaral ◽  
Noé Alfaro-Alfaro ◽  
Ana Cecilia Méndez-Magaña

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1159-1165
Author(s):  
Lei-Shih Chen ◽  
Yu-Lyu Yeh ◽  
Patricia Goodson ◽  
Shixi Zhao ◽  
Eunju Jung ◽  
...  

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of genomics training workshops for public health professionals and professionals-in-training. Design: A pre- and post-test evaluation design with 3-month follow-up. Setting and Participants: Thirteen genomics training workshops were delivered across Texas to 377 public health professionals and professionals-in-training (66.7% were ethnic minorities). Intervention: Three-hour theory-based, face-to-face genomics training workshops focusing on family health history practice were delivered. Methods: We administered surveys prior to the workshops, immediately post-workshops, and at 3-month follow-up to examine the changes in participants’ knowledge, attitudes, intention, self-efficacy, and behavior in adopting genomics into public health practice. Linear mixed modeling analyses were used to analyze the quantitative survey data. A content analysis was also conducted for qualitative survey data analysis. Results: Genomics practice significantly improved among public health professionals at 3-month follow-up ( P < .01). For all participants, knowledge, attitudes, intention, and self-efficacy scores increased significantly immediately post-workshop compared to the pre-workshop scores (all Ps < .01). Knowledge and attitudes scores at the 3-month follow-up remained significantly higher than those scores at the pre-workshop (all Ps < .01). The feedback from workshop participants was positive. Conclusion: Our genomics training workshop is an effective program that can be disseminated at a national level to establish genomic competencies among public health professionals and professionals-in-training in the United States.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-335
Author(s):  
Linda Somerville ◽  
Betsy Thom ◽  
Rachel Herring

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of Public Health in licensing following The Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act of 2011, which added ‘health bodies’ as responsible authorities in licensing; in practice, Directors of Public Health undertook this role in England. Despite this legislation facilitating the inclusion of public health in partnerships around licensing, wide variations in involvement levels by public health professionals persist. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on the findings from interviews that explored the experiences of public health professionals engaging with local established partnerships around alcohol licensing. Qualitative data were collected through 21 interviews in a purposeful sample of London boroughs. These data were combined with analyses of relevant area documentation and observations of 14 licensing sub-committee meetings in one London borough over a seven-month period. Thematic analysis of all data sources was conducted to identify emerging themes. Findings This study highlighted the importance of successful navigation of the “contested space” (Hunter and Perkins, 2014) surrounding both public health practice and licensing partnerships. In some instances, contested spaces were successfully negotiated and public health departments achieved an increased level of participation within the partnership. Ultimately, improvements in engagement levels of public health teams within licensing could be achieved. Originality/value The paper explores a neglected aspect of research around partnership working and highlights the issues arising when a new partner attempts to enter an existing partnership.


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