New insight regarding mode of action of brown rot decay of modified wood based on DNA and gene expression studies: a review

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Alfredsen ◽  
R. Ringman ◽  
A. Pilgård ◽  
C. G. Fossdal
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Brown Rot Decay ◽  
Gene Expression Studies ◽  
Modified Wood

scholarly journals Confirmation of the mode of action of anesthetic‐induced developmental neurotoxicity with gene expression studies

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Slikker ◽  
Qiang Shi ◽  
Lei Guo ◽  
Tucker A Patterson ◽  
Stacey Dial ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Developmental Neurotoxicity ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Gene Expression Studies

scholarly journals Mode of action of brown rot decay resistance in modified wood: a review

Holzforschung ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecka Ringman ◽  
Annica Pilgård ◽  
Christian Brischke ◽  
Klaus Richter
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Brown Rot Decay ◽  
Thermally Modified Wood ◽  
Modified Wood

Abstract Chemically or physically modified wood materials have enhanced resistance to wood decay fungi. In contrast to treatments with traditional wood preservatives, where the resistance is caused mainly by the toxicity of the chemicals added, little is known about the mode of action of nontoxic wood modification methods. This study reviews established theories related to resistance in acetylated, furfurylated, dimethylol dihydroxyethyleneurea-treated, and thermally modified wood. The main conclusion is that only one theory provides a consistent explanation for the initial inhibition of brown rot degradation in modified wood, that is, moisture exclusion via the reduction of cell wall voids. Other proposed mechanisms, such as enzyme nonrecognition, micropore blocking, and reducing the number of free hydroxyl groups, may reduce the degradation rate when cell wall water uptake is no longer impeded.

Mode of action of brown rot decay resistance in phenol-formaldehyde-modified wood: resistance to Fenton’s reagent

Holzforschung ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Hosseinpourpia ◽  
Carsten Mai
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Fenton Reaction ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Fenton’S Reagent ◽  
Fenton's Reagent ◽  
Brown Rot Decay ◽  
Modified Wood

Abstract The mode of action of phenol-formaldehyde (PF)-modified wood has been investigated with respect to its resistance to brown rot decay. The Fenton reaction is assumed to play a key role in the initial brown rot decay. Pine microveneers were modified to various weight percent gains (WPG) with low molecular weight PF and exposed to a solution containing Fenton’s reagent. The mass loss (ML) and tensile strength loss (TSL) as well as the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide within the incubation time decreased with the increasing WPG of the veneers. Incubation of untreated and PF-modified veneers in acetate buffer containing ferric ions without H2O2 revealed that the modification strongly reduces the uptake of iron by the wood cell wall. Further studies indicated that lignin promotes the decay of wood by Fenton’s reagent. The reason for the enhanced resistance of modified wood to the Fenton reaction is attributable to the impeded diffusion of iron ions into the cell wall rather than to the blocking of free phenolic sites of lignin, which accelerate redox cycling of iron.

scholarly journals Assessment of common housekeeping genes as reference for gene expression studies using RT-qPCR in mouse choroid plexus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Hoa Ho ◽  
Annarita Patrizi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Housekeeping Gene ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Brain Repair ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Testing Algorithms ◽  
Gene Expression Studies

AbstractChoroid plexus (ChP), a vascularized secretory epithelium located in all brain ventricles, plays critical roles in development, homeostasis and brain repair. Reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) is a popular and useful technique for measuring gene expression changes and also widely used in ChP studies. However, the reliability of RT-qPCR data is strongly dependent on the choice of reference genes, which are supposed to be stable across all samples. In this study, we validated the expression of 12 well established housekeeping genes in ChP in 2 independent experimental paradigms by using popular stability testing algorithms: BestKeeper, DeltaCq, geNorm and NormFinder. Rer1 and Rpl13a were identified as the most stable genes throughout mouse ChP development, while Hprt1 and Rpl27 were the most stable genes across conditions in a mouse sensory deprivation experiment. In addition, Rpl13a, Rpl27 and Tbp were mutually among the top five most stable genes in both experiments. Normalisation of Ttr and Otx2 expression levels using different housekeeping gene combinations demonstrated the profound effect of reference gene choice on target gene expression. Our study emphasized the importance of validating and selecting stable housekeeping genes under specific experimental conditions.

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