scholarly journals Red Cell 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate and Intracellular Arterial pH in Acidosis and Alkalosis

Blood ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane F. Desforges ◽  
Philip Slawsky
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Plasma Bicarbonate ◽  
Weak Organic Acid ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Abstract With the use of 14C-DMO (14C-5, 5-dimethyl-2,3-oxazolidinedione), a weak organic acid, we measured the intraerythrocytic hydrogen ion concentration in 16 acidotic and alkalotic patients. Whole blood pH, red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, plasma pCO2, and plasma bicarbonate were measured simultaneously on heparinized arterial blood. The results show: (1) hydrogen ion concentration in the red cell varies directly with that of whole blood, (2) red cell concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate varies inversely with the whole blood hydrogen ion concentration, and (3) red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration also varies inversely with the intracellular hydrogen ion concentration. There were no significant relationships between the arterial total hemoglobin or oxyhemoglobin and intracellular or whole blood pH, nor was there any relationship between plasma pCO2 or plasma bicarbonate and intracellular or whole blood pH. We concluded that in a number of clinical conditions in which the hydrogen ion concentration is altered, the cellular pH parallels that of the whole blood and that the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration varies with the hydrogen ion concentration.

STUDIES ON THE PRESERVATION OF BLOOD: V. THE INFLUENCE OF THE HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION ON CERTAIN CHANGES IN BLOOD DURING STORAGE

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 827-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelby Kashket ◽  
David Rubinstein ◽  
Orville F. Denstedt
Keyword(s):  
Red Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Citrate Dextrose

The hexokinase of the erythrocyte has two optima of activity, a pronounced one at pH 7.8 and a lesser one at pH 6.0. Glycerate-2,3-diphosphatase of the red cell similarly has two sharp optima, at pH 7.0 and 8.1, respectively. From pH 7.2 to 7.8 the activity of the diphosphatase is very low. During storage of blood with the citrate–dextrose (CD) medium at 4 °C. the pH of the samples falls from about pH 7.4 to 6.9, by the end of the fourth week. When blood is preserved with the acidified citrate–dextrose (ACD) medium, the pH falls from about 7.1 to 6.5 in the same period. The content of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and the diminution in the activity of the hexokinase of the red cells are related to the change in the pH of the blood during storage. The significance of these changes is discussed.

Changes in blood gases and acid-base balance in the exercising dog

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Wathen ◽  
Howard H. Rostorfer ◽  
Sid Robinson ◽  
Jerry L. Newton ◽  
Michael D. Bailie
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Mixed Venous Blood ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Mixed Venous

Effects of varying rates of treadmill work on blood gases and hydrogen ion concentrations of four healthy young dogs were determined by analyses of blood for O2 and CO2 contents, Po2, Pco2, and pH. Changes in these parameters were also observed during 30-min recovery periods from hard work. Arterial and mixed venous blood samples were obtained simultaneously during work through a polyethylene catheter in the right ventricle and an indwelling needle in an exteriorized carotid artery. Mixed venous O2 content, Po2 and O2 saturation fell with increased work, whereas arterial values showed little or no change. Mixed venous CO2 content, Pco2, and hydrogen ion concentration exhibited little change from resting levels in two dogs but increased significantly in two others during exercise. These values always decreased in the arterial blood during exercise, indicating the presence of respiratory alkalosis. On cessation of exercise, hyperventilation increased the degree of respiratory alkalosis, causing it to be reflected on the venous side of the circulation. Submitted on January 8, 1962

Metabolic acidosis developing during cardiopulmonary bypass is related to a decrease in strong ion difference

Perfusion ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Peter Alston ◽  
Laura Cormack ◽  
Catherine Collinson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Royal Infirmary ◽  
Strong Ion Difference ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Arterial Blood

Metabolic acidosis is a frequent complication of cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB). Commonly, its cause is ascribed to hypoperfusion; however, iatrogenic causes, related to the composition and volume of intravascular fluids that are administered, are increasingly being recognized. The aim of this study was to determine if metabolic acidosis during CPB was associated with hypoperfusion, change in strong ion difference (SID) or haemodilution. Forty-nine patients undergoing cardiac surgery using CPB in the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh (RIE) or the HCI, Clydebank were included in the study. Arterial blood samples were aspirated before induction of anaesthesia and the end of CPB. Samples were subjected to blood gas analysis and measurement of electrolytes and lactate. Changes in concentrations were then calculated. Change variables that were found to be significant (p B-0.1) univariate correlates of the change in hydrogen ion concentration were identified and entered into a multivariate regression model with hydrogen ion concentra tion at the end of CPB as the outcome variable (r2=0.65, p<0.001). Change variance in hydrogen ion concentration was created by first entering the baseline hydrogen ion concentration into the model. Next, any variance resulting from the respiratory component of acidosis was removed by entering the change in arterial carbon dioxide tension (regression coefficient (β)=0.67, p<0.01). Change in SID (β=-0.34, p<0.01) and surgical institution (β=-0.40, p<0.01) were then found to be predictors of the remaining variance whilst change in concentration of lactate (β in=0.16, p=0.07) and volume of intravascular fluid that was administered (β=-0.07, p=0.52) were rejected from the model. These findings suggest that the metabolic acidosis developing during CPB is partially the result of iatrogenic decrease in SID rather than hypoperfusion, as estimated by lactate concentration, or haemodilution.

The Ventilatory Response in Diabetic Ketoacidosis

1974 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fulop ◽  
N. Dreyer ◽  
H. Tannenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Inverse Relation ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Plasma Bicarbonate ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Ion Activity

1. Previous studies of the ventilatory response to metabolic acidosis have usually considered only patients with arterial blood pH above 7·10. To define the response during more severe acidaemia, arterial CO2 tension and pH were measured in fifty-three episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis, including twenty-four with pH below 7·10, and ten with pH below 7·00. 2. The relation between arterial CO2 tension, and both blood pH and plasma bicarbonate concentration, in these cases with generally severe metabolic acidaemia (mean pH 7·12 ± SD 0·13), was very similar to the relations between those variables found by others in patients with less severe acidaemia, such as that due to renal failure. 3. As arterial blood hydrogen ion activity increased, arterial CO2 tension decreased inversely, reflecting well-sustained hyperventilation, even during profound acidaemia. 4. The inverse relation between arterial CO2 tension and hydrogen ion activity suggests that during metabolic acidosis, alveolar ventilation increases in direct proportion to the increased blood hydrogen ion activity.

STUDIES ON THE PRESERVATION OF BLOOD: V. THE INFLUENCE OF THE HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION ON CERTAIN CHANGES IN BLOOD DURING STORAGE

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 827-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelby Kashket ◽  
David Rubinstein ◽  
Orville F. Denstedt
Keyword(s):  
Red Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Citrate Dextrose

The hexokinase of the erythrocyte has two optima of activity, a pronounced one at pH 7.8 and a lesser one at pH 6.0. Glycerate-2,3-diphosphatase of the red cell similarly has two sharp optima, at pH 7.0 and 8.1, respectively. From pH 7.2 to 7.8 the activity of the diphosphatase is very low. During storage of blood with the citrate–dextrose (CD) medium at 4 °C. the pH of the samples falls from about pH 7.4 to 6.9, by the end of the fourth week. When blood is preserved with the acidified citrate–dextrose (ACD) medium, the pH falls from about 7.1 to 6.5 in the same period. The content of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and the diminution in the activity of the hexokinase of the red cells are related to the change in the pH of the blood during storage. The significance of these changes is discussed.

H+ and pCO2 as chemical factors in respiratory and cerebral circulatory control

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Lambertsen ◽  
S. J. G. Semple ◽  
M. G. Smyth ◽  
R. Gelfand
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Brain Blood Flow ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Blood Flow Index ◽  
Respiratory Stimulation

The relationships of changes in respiration and brain blood flow index to alterations in arterial and internal jugular venous blood pCO2, [HCO3-], and pH were studied in normal men. Observations during control of alveolar pCO2, first at 44 and then at 50 mm Hg, represented the effects of CO2 breathing. Intravenous infusion of NaHCO3 solution (ca. 2.4 mEq/kg) while maintaining alveolar pCO2 at 50 mm Hg revealed the responses to a lowering of blood [H+] without concurrent change in arterial or internal jugular venous pCO2. Brain blood flow index varied directly with alteration in blood pCO2 and was unaffected by changes in blood pH not produced by pCO2 change. Respiratory measurements indicated a prominent relationship between respiration and blood hydrogen ion concentration, the reversal of the acidemia normally associated with CO2 administration removing approximately 45% of respiratory stimulation induced by hypercapnia. The remaining 55% of the increased ventilation caused by CO2 breathing was not directly related to changes in arterial or internal jugular venous blood pH or [HCO3-]. The residual respiratory effect of CO2 administration was correlated, not only with alteration of pCO2, but with calculated changes in the pH of cerebrospinal fluid. Thus, the total respiratory stimulation produced by CO2 breathing, and its diminution by bicarbonate infusion, can be quantitatively described either in terms of a single stimulus index, hydrogen ion concentration, or in terms of two factors, pH and pCO2. Choice between single and multiple acid-base factors as indices of chemical stimuli in respiratory control remains arbitrary. However, the discussion re-emphasizes that, while respiratory changes do occur when blood pH is altered without change of blood or central pCO2, comparable stimulant effects of molecular CO2 cannot be demonstrated without somewhere producing concurrent modification of pH. Submitted on August 22, 1960

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