Correlation between prognosis and bone marrow chromosomal patterns in children with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: similarities and differences compared to adults

Blood ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 818-823
Author(s):  
WF Benedict ◽  
M Lange ◽  
J Greene ◽  
A Derencsenyi ◽  
OS Alfi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Bone Marrow Sample ◽  
Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Chromosomal Complement ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Chromosomal Changes

The chromosomal complement of 28 children with the diagnosis of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) were examined. An abnormal cytogenetic pattern was found in 50% of these patients, which is similar to the results in adults with ANLL. Unlike the reports in adult patients, however, no specific chromosomal changes were found. This observation may imply that the etiology and mechanisms by which abnormal clones develop in ANLL could differ significantly between children and adults. Those patients with chromosomal abnormalities in their initial bone marrow sample had a median survival of 7.1 mo, whereas those with a normal diploid pattern in their bone marrow had a median survival of 20.5 mo (1-sided, p = 0.04). If all metaphases were abnormal, the median survival was only 3 mo.

scholarly journals Correlation between prognosis and bone marrow chromosomal patterns in children with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: similarities and differences compared to adults

Blood ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 818-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
WF Benedict ◽  
M Lange ◽  
J Greene ◽  
A Derencsenyi ◽  
OS Alfi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Bone Marrow Sample ◽  
Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Chromosomal Complement ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Chromosomal Changes

Abstract The chromosomal complement of 28 children with the diagnosis of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) were examined. An abnormal cytogenetic pattern was found in 50% of these patients, which is similar to the results in adults with ANLL. Unlike the reports in adult patients, however, no specific chromosomal changes were found. This observation may imply that the etiology and mechanisms by which abnormal clones develop in ANLL could differ significantly between children and adults. Those patients with chromosomal abnormalities in their initial bone marrow sample had a median survival of 7.1 mo, whereas those with a normal diploid pattern in their bone marrow had a median survival of 20.5 mo (1-sided, p = 0.04). If all metaphases were abnormal, the median survival was only 3 mo.

scholarly journals Chromosomal Abnormalities in Multiple Myeloma

Blood ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 738-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. DAS ◽  
B. K. AIKAT
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormality ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Acute Leukemias ◽  
Leukocyte Culture ◽  
Peripheral Leukocyte ◽  
Direct Preparation ◽  
Chromosomal Changes

Abstract Chromosome studies were carried out in five cases of multiple myeloma by peripheral leukocyte culture and direct preparation from bonemarrow cells. No chromosomal abnormality was detected by leukocyte culture in any of these cases. Analysis of bone marrow metaphase plates revealed abnormalities in four out of five cases. Chromosomal changes were characterized by their variability from case to case, as well as among different groups of cells in individual cases. Both numerical and structural anomalies were encountered. The chromosome series more frequently involved were C, A, G and B in decreasing order. The diverse chromosomal aberrations encountered in these four cases of multiple myeloma are reminiscent of those described in acute leukemias.

Extramedullary myeloid cell tumors in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: a clinical review.

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1800-1816 ◽  
Author(s):  
J C Byrd ◽  
W J Edenfield ◽  
D J Shields ◽  
N A Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Gingival Hypertrophy ◽  
Leukemia Cutis ◽  
Cellular Immune

PURPOSE To discuss the predisposing risk factor for all forms of extramedullary leukemia (EML) and to review the clinical features, prognostic significance, and treatment strategies for primary EML and leukemia cutis (LC)/granulocytic sarcomas (GS) in the setting of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). METHODS A review of all reports published since 1965 related to all forms of extramedullary leukemia (LC, GS, gingival hypertrophy, and meningeal leukemia [ML]). RESULTS Several factors, including chromosomal abnormalities [t(8;21), inv(16)], cell-surface markers (CD56, CD2, CD4, CD7), French-American-British (FAB) subtype (M2, M4, M5), blast differentiation and maturation, patient nutritional status, age, cellular immune dysfunction, high presenting leukocyte count, and decreased blast Auer rods, have been associated with a higher incidence of EML. Of 154 published cases of primary EML identified, 71 (46%) were initially misdiagnosed. The addition of immunohistochemical stains can assist in preventing such misdiagnoses and should be included in all atypical lymphoma/carcinoma cases. Only one of the patients (3%) with primary EML did not progress to ANLL in the absence of chemotherapy. In contrast, 66% of patients who received chemotherapy for the primary EML never developed ANLL. The prognostic significance of EML at presentation and medullary relapse of ANLL is uncertain. Isolated extramedullary recurrence of ANLL always heralds bone marrow relapse and should be treated with reinduction chemotherapy. Close clinical follow-up observation is necessary to insure resolution of EML. Radiation therapy is an effective local treatment for resistant or symptomatic EML. CONCLUSION Many advances in diagnoses and treatment of EML have been made. Future investigations are needed to define the clinical significance of EML in patients with ANLL treated with modern chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation.

Hematological and toxicological evaluation of formaldehyde as a potential cause of human leukemia

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 725-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard D Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Species Difference ◽  
The Body ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Human Leukemia ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Hematological Cancers

Epidemiological findings suggesting that formaldehyde exposure is associated with a higher risk of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and other hematological cancers have led to consideration of the potential mechanism of action by which inhalation of this rapidly reactive agent can cause bone marrow cancer. Two major mechanism-based arguments against formaldehyde as a leukemogen have been the difficulty in envisioning how inhaled formaldehyde might penetrate to the bone marrow; and the lack of similarity of non-cancer effects to other known human myeloleukemogens, particularly the absence of pancytopenia in humans or laboratory animals exposed to high levels. However, both of these arguments have been addressed by the recent finding of a pancytopenic effect and chromosomal abnormalities in heavily exposed Chinese workers which, if replicated, are indicative of a genotoxic effect of formaldehyde on hematopoietic stem cells that is in keeping with other known human leukemogens. Review of the body of evidence suggests an apparent discrepancy between studies in laboratory animals, which generally fail to show evidence of penetration of formaldehyde into the blood or evidence of blood or bone marrow genotoxicity, and studies of exposed humans in which there tends to be evidence of genotoxicity in circulating blood cells. One possible explanation for this discrepancy is species difference. Another possible explanation is that myeloid precursors within the nasal mucosa may be the site for leukemogenesis. However, chloromas, which are local collections of myeloid tumor cells, are rarely if ever found in the nose. Other proposed mechanisms for formaldehyde leukemogenesis are reviewed, and dose issues at the interface between the epidemiological and hematotoxicological findings are explored.

scholarly journals Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Complicating Erythroleukemia in a Child with Monosomy 7: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Samin Alavi ◽  
Maryam Ebadi ◽  
Alireza Jenabzadeh ◽  
M. T. Arzanian ◽  
Sh. Shamsian
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspiration ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Monosomy 7 ◽  
Persistent Fever ◽  
First Case ◽  
Erythroid Precursors

Herein, the first case of childhood erythrophagocytosis following chemotherapy for erythroleukemia in a child with monosomy 7 is reported. A 5-year-old boy presented with anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hepatosplenomegaly in whom erythroleukemia was diagnosed. Prolonged pancytopenia accompanied by persistent fever and huge splenomegaly and hepatomegaly became evident after 2 courses of chemotherapy. On bone marrow aspiration, macrophages phagocytosing erythroid precursors were observed and the diagnosis of HLH was established; additionally, monosomy 7 was detected on bone marrow cytogenetic examination. In conclusion, monosomy 7 can lead to erythrophagocytosis associated with erythroid leukemia and should be considered among the chromosomal abnormalities contributing to the association.

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