scholarly journals The Use of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and Cortisone in the Treatment of Leukemia and Leukosarcoma

Blood ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 804-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN C. ROSENTHAL ◽  
RICHARD H. SAUNDERS ◽  
LAWRENCE I. SCHWARTZ ◽  
LEDA ZANNOS ◽  
ENRIQUE PEREZ SANTIAGO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Monocytic Leukemia ◽  
Exfoliative Dermatitis ◽  
Nonspecific Effects ◽  
Variable Extent ◽  
Acth Therapy ◽  
Granulocytic Leukemia

Abstract Forty-two patients with various diseases of leukocytic proliferation were treated with one or more courses of adrenocorticotropic hormone or cortisone. Of 13 patients with acute or subacute lymphocytic leukemia who received adequate courses of treatment, 9 (69 per cent) developed objective and hematologic evidence of well defined remissions. Remissions were, however, brief, lasting one to ten weeks. Retreatments produced further remissions but a state of refractoriness was eventually reached. Of 5 patients with acute granulocytic leukemia only 1 showed a slight clinical improvement with therapy. An actual acceleration of the process occurred in 2 cases. Two cases of monocytic leukemia showed no response and death seemed to be hastened. In 5 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, distinct improvement occurred in 4, particularly in those showing terminal leukemia with anemia, exfoliative dermatitis, or symptomatic hemolytic anemia. All of 5 cases of lymphosarcoma showed some degree of improvement. Features benefited were organ enlargement, symptomatic hemolytic anemia and anemia. In 5 cases of Hodgkin’s disease, 3 were notably benefited particularly with respect to constitutional symptoms. There was, however, no fundamental alteration of the disease process. Only 1 case of 5 with multiple myeloma showed a favorable response. Hyperglobulinemia decreased to a variable extent in all cases, as did Bence-Jones proteinuria. The characteristics of remission including reticulocytosis, thrombocytosis, white cell response and marrow picture are detailed. The effect of ACTH on the level of serum globulins, the activity of abnormal hemagglutinins, and sedimentation rate are likewise discussed. The nonspecific effects of adrenocorticotropic therapy are indicated. Comment is made of the undesirable effects of ACTH therapy. These included psychoses, fluid retention, hypertension, convulsions, porcine, obesity, acne, hirsutes and diabetes mellitus. The therapeutic effectiveness of ACTH is compared with the existing available methods of therapy in the hematologic conditions under discussion.

scholarly journals Fumarase Activity of Human Leukocytes and Erythrocytes

Blood ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
KOUICHI R. TANAKA ◽  
WILLIAM N. VALENTINE
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Acute Monocytic Leukemia ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Monocytic Leukemia ◽  
Human Leukocytes ◽  
Blast Cells ◽  
Granulocytic Leukemia ◽  
Fumarase Activity

Abstract 1. The results of over 400 assays of fumarase activity in separated leukocytes and erythrocytes in a variety of hematologic and nonhematologic diseases are presented. 2. The highest mean leukocyte fumarase values occurred in acute monocytic leukemia and acute granulocytic leukemia. Blast cells have greater fumarase activity than more mature forms of the same cell type. 3. Fumarase appears to be distributed ubiquitously among the various leukocytes. Cell populations which contained predominantly neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, blasts, eosinophils, and basophils, all exhibited appreciable enzyme activity. 4. Assays of erythrocyte fumarase activity did not reveal a pattern with the exception of elevated values in macrocytic anemias and in some, but not all, cases of hemolytic anemia.

scholarly journals The Average Volume of Leukemic Leukocytes

Blood ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1013-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAROLD TIVEY ◽  
JONAH G. LI ◽  
EDWIN E. OSGOOD ◽  
MARIE DUERST ◽  
VICTOR KLOBUCHER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Sufficient Data ◽  
Monocytic Leukemia ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Central Values ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Granulocytic Leukemia

Abstract 1. The technic used to determine the average volume per cell of leukocytes from patients with leukemia has been described. 2. The distribution of the average volumes of leukocytes from 15 patients with granulocytic leukemia, based on 52 determinations, has a median value of 450 cu. µ and a mean of 460 cu. µ. 2. The 95 per cent range for this distribution is 340 to 570 cu. µ. 3. Sufficient data are not presently available to determine the Shape of the distribution for the volume of monocytes, but the average value for the leukocytes from 8 patients with monocytic leukemia is 470 cu. µ and the range is 360 to 580 cu. µ. 4. The average volumes of leukocytes from 27 patients with lymphocytic leukemia, based on 74 determinations, have a Poisson-like distribution with a median value of 230 cu. µ and a mean of 250 cu. µ. Ninety-five per cent of the values in this distribution fall in the range of 130 to 410 cu. µ. 5. Although leukocyte volumes from both granulocytic and lymphocytic leukemias follow Poisson-like distributions, the central values of these distributions are significantly different. However, there is an overlap of the distributions with approximately a 15 per cent chance that average lymphocytic volumes will fall into the range of the small granulocytic volumes. 6. For many purposes it may be assumed that two billion cells of the granulocytic or monocytic series or four billion cells of the lymphocytic series equal 1 ml.

Fatal intravascular autoimmune hemolytic anemia after fludarabine treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia

1996 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tertian ◽  
J. Cartron ◽  
C. Bayle ◽  
A. Rudent ◽  
T. Lambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia

scholarly journals PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTE PHENOTYPE OF ZAP-70+ AND ZAP-70− PATIENTS WITH B-CELL CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Rivkina ◽  
I Holodnuka Kholodnyuk ◽  
M Murovska ◽  
M Soloveichika ◽  
S Lejniece
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukaemia ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Zeta Chain ◽  
Lymphocyte Phenotypes

Background: Up to now, the immune status of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients in association with the expression of zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP-70) in leukemic cells has not been evaluated. Aim: The aim of this work was the study of the peripheral blood (PB) T-lymphocyte phenotypes in ZAP-70-positive (ZAP-70+) and ZAP-70-negative (ZAP-70−) untreated patients with CLL. Materials and Methods: ZAP-70-, CD25-, CD3-, CD4-, and CD8-positive lymphocytes were enumerated by flow cytometry in PB of 120 untreated CLL patients. CD8+, CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD25+ cells were counted for the non-leukemic lymphocytes. Results: The patients were distributed into two groups: the ZAP-70+ group of high CLL progression (n = 61), and the ZAP-70− group of low CLL progression (n = 59). In the ZAP-70+ group, the ratio CD4/CD8 (0.33 ± 0.62; p = 0.001) and the numbers of the CD3+ (34.8 ± 8.1%; p = 0.01), CD3+CD4+ (24.4% ± 4.8; p = 0.001), and CD3+CD25+ (6.2 ± 0.91%; p = 0.001) lymphocytes were reduced and the percentage of the CD8+ cells (73.1 ± 4.6%; p = 0.0001) was above the norm. In the ZAP-70− group, the number of the CD3+CD4+ cells (36.9 ± 6.1%; p = 0.001) was within the norm, but the numbers of the CD8+ (11.3 ± 1.1%; p = 0.0001) and CD3+ (41.2 ± 5.3%; p = 0.05) lymphocytes were reduced; the ratio CD4/ CD8 (3.26 ± 0.88; p = 0.001) and the percentage of the CD3+CD25+ cells (27.1 ± 3.4%; p = 0.0001) were above the norm. Conclusions: Our data show that the increased CD4/CD8 ratio, caused by the reduced number of the CD8+ lymphocytes, and the increased number of CD3+CD25+ cells are characteristic for the ZAP-70− group (slow progressing) of untreated CLL patients. In ZAP-70+ patients, the CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly below the norm indicating an active disease process. Results of our study contribute to identification of CLL patients with different prognosis in routine diagnostic/prognostic procedures.

scholarly journals The Dead Leukocyte Content of the Blood in Normal and Leukemic Patients

Blood ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICHOLAS L. PETRAKIS ◽  
ESTELLE LIEBERMAN ◽  
JEAN FULLERTON
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Granulocytic Leukemia

Abstract The dead leukocyte content of the blood of normal and leukemic subjects was determined by the technic of the unstained-cell counts of Schrek. A small and constant number of dead leukocytes was found in the normal blood, averaging 46 per cu. mm. In patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute leukemia, higher numbers of dead leukocytes were commonly found, ranging from normal values to as high as 4,600 per cu. mm. No correlation was found between the numbers of smudge forms on blood smears from these patients and the number of dead leukocytes. The smudge forms on blood smears appear to result from the mechanical trauma produced in making the smears. The leukocytes from chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute leukemia appear to be much more susceptible to the mechanical forces produced in the preparation of blood smears than are leukocytes from normals and patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia.

Kaposi sarcoma following autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Utku Iltar ◽  
Vedat Aslan ◽  
Mesut Gocer ◽  
Fatma Aykac ◽  
İlknur Nizam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia

Fludarabine and hemolytic anemia in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 3209-3210 ◽  
Author(s):  
T J Hamblin ◽  
J A Orchard ◽  
H Myint ◽  
D G Oscier
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia

scholarly journals Leukocyte Kinetics in Hematologic Disorders Studied by DNA-Phosphorus Labeling

Blood ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 795-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD I. WALKER ◽  
J. C. HERION ◽  
W. B. HERRING ◽  
J. G. PALMER
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Cell Renewal ◽  
Normal Curve ◽  
Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia ◽  
Hematologic Disorders ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Essentially Normal ◽  
Single Compartment ◽  
Granulocytic Leukemia

Abstract Leukocyte physiology in the normal and in hematopoietic disease states in humans has been studied by DNA-P labeling with inorganic P32. In the normal there is a post-mitotic granulocyte reservoir in marrow about 17 times the size of the intravascular compartment. Progress through this reservoir is orderly and requires about 6 days. Some 1-2 x 1011 cells daily are released from it into the blood. In polycythemia vera there is an increased production of granulocytes. DNA-P labeling in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia occurs at a very low level and is compatible with a very slow rate of cell renewal. In one patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, no disturbances in kinetics caused by a dose of 20 µc. of P32/Kg. were detected during the time of the study. Although a progressively rising concentration of label in circulating leukocyte DNA was found in patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia, without the lag suggesting a distinct marrow phase, it is concluded that the blood and extravascular leukopoietic compartments cannot be a single compartment. An essentially normal curve is obtained after induction of a complete remission with busulfan.

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