The clinical significance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1- associated paraproteins

Abstract We observed and characterized paraproteins present in the serum of seven human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals. Immunoglobulin (Ig) subclass typing performed on these paraproteins identified five as IgG1 kappa, one as an IgG3 lambda, and one as an IgA lambda. The IgG1 kappa paraproteins, purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography, contained the majority of anti-HIV-1 antibody reactivity present in the five serum specimens (ranging from 1:5,000 to 1:500,000) as demonstrated by immunoblot. All five IgG1 paraproteins had at least two light chain species as demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and the antibodies were reactive with multiple HIV-1 viral antigens. In contrast, the electrophoretically purified IgG3 lambda and IgA lambda paraproteins did not react with HIV-1 antigens and only one light chain species was detected by SDS-PAGE. The subsequent clinical evaluation of these patients following the initial observation of paraproteinemias failed to correlate the presence of paraproteins with the development of lymphoma over a 2 to 3 year period. These data support the hypothesis that IgG1 paraproteins present in the sera of HIV-1 infected individuals reflect a normal albeit exuberant polyclonal immune response to HIV-1 viral antigens. In contrast, the clinical significance of an IgG3 lambda or an IgA lambda paraprotein is unclear at present.

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The clinical significance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1- associated paraproteins

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v74.7.2471.bloodjournal7472471 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 74 (7) ◽

pp. 2471-2475

Author(s):

VL Ng ◽

KH Chen ◽

KM Hwang ◽

H Khayam-Bashi ◽

MS McGrath

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Clinical Significance ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽

Virus Type ◽

Light Chain ◽

Viral Antigens ◽

Sds Page ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv 1

We observed and characterized paraproteins present in the serum of seven human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals. Immunoglobulin (Ig) subclass typing performed on these paraproteins identified five as IgG1 kappa, one as an IgG3 lambda, and one as an IgA lambda. The IgG1 kappa paraproteins, purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography, contained the majority of anti-HIV-1 antibody reactivity present in the five serum specimens (ranging from 1:5,000 to 1:500,000) as demonstrated by immunoblot. All five IgG1 paraproteins had at least two light chain species as demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and the antibodies were reactive with multiple HIV-1 viral antigens. In contrast, the electrophoretically purified IgG3 lambda and IgA lambda paraproteins did not react with HIV-1 antigens and only one light chain species was detected by SDS-PAGE. The subsequent clinical evaluation of these patients following the initial observation of paraproteinemias failed to correlate the presence of paraproteins with the development of lymphoma over a 2 to 3 year period. These data support the hypothesis that IgG1 paraproteins present in the sera of HIV-1 infected individuals reflect a normal albeit exuberant polyclonal immune response to HIV-1 viral antigens. In contrast, the clinical significance of an IgG3 lambda or an IgA lambda paraprotein is unclear at present.

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Kappa light chain predominance in serum and cerebrospinal fluid from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients

Journal of Neuroimmunology ◽

10.1016/0165-5728(91)90196-e ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 259-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Luigi M.E. Grimaldi ◽

Antonella Castagna ◽

Davide Maimone ◽

Gian Vito Martino ◽

Alberto Dolci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽

Virus Type ◽

Light Chain ◽

Kappa Light Chain ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv 1

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Clinical significance of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) in terms of the positivity of immune complex and anti cardiolipin antibody in hemophiliacs.

Journal of the Japan Society of Blood Transfusion ◽

10.3925/jjtc1958.37.387 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 387-391

Author(s):

Juzo Matsuda ◽

Kazuo Kawasugi ◽

Mutsuyoshi Kazama ◽

Tadatoshi Kinoshita ◽

Takeshi Abe

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Immune Complex ◽

Clinical Significance ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽

Virus Type ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv 1

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Employs the Cellular Dynein Light Chain 1 Protein for Reverse Transcription through Interaction with Its Integrase Protein

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.03347-14 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 89 (7) ◽

pp. 3497-3511 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Kallesh Danappa Jayappa ◽

Zhujun Ao ◽

Xiaoxia Wang ◽

Andrew J. Mouland ◽

Sudhanshu Shekhar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽

Virus Type ◽

Light Chain ◽

Reverse Transcription ◽

Mutational Analysis ◽

Dynein Light Chain ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv 1

ABSTRACTIn this study, we examined the requirement for host dynein adapter proteins such as dynein light chain 1 (DYNLL1), dynein light chain Tctex-type 1 (DYNLT1), and p150Gluedin early steps of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication. We found that the knockdown (KD) of DYNLL1, but not DYNLT1 or p150Glued, resulted in significantly lower levels of HIV-1 reverse transcription in cells. Following an attempt to determine how DYNLL1 could impact HIV-1 reverse transcription, we detected the DYNLL1 interaction with HIV-1 integrase (IN) but not with capsid (CA), matrix (MA), or reverse transcriptase (RT) protein. Furthermore, by mutational analysis of putative DYNLL1 interaction motifs in IN, we identified the motifs52GQVD and250VIQD in IN as essential for DYNLL1 interaction. The DYNLL1 interaction-defective IN mutant HIV-1 (HIV-1INQ53A/Q252A) exhibited impaired reverse transcription. Through further investigations, we have also detected relatively smaller amounts of particulate CA in DYNLL1-KD cells or in infections with HIV-1INQ53A/Q252Amutant virus. Overall, our study demonstrates the novel interaction between HIV-1 IN and cellular DYNLL1 proteins and suggests the requirement of this virus-cell interaction for proper uncoating and efficient reverse transcription of HIV-1.IMPORTANCEHost cellular DYNLL1, DYNLT1, and p150Gluedproteins have been implicated in the replication of several viruses. However, their roles in HIV-1 replication have not been investigated. For the first time, we demonstrated that during viral infection, HIV-1 IN interacts with DYNLL1, and their interaction was found to have a role in proper uncoating and efficient reverse transcription of HIV-1. Thus, interaction of IN and DYNLL1 may be a potential target for future anti-HIV therapy. Moreover, while our study has evaluated the involvement of IN in HIV-1 uncoating and reverse transcription, it also predicts a possible mechanism by which IN contributes to these early viral replication steps.

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