NB4, a maturation inducible cell line with t(15;17) marker isolated from a human acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

Abstract Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a well-defined entity among acute leukemia, cytogenetically characterized by a t(15;17) (q22;q11–12) translocation. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that all-trans retinoic acid (RA) treatment restores cell maturation. We have isolated the first permanent cell line with t(15;17), derived from the marrow of a patient with APL in relapse. The establishment of the cell line, its morphologic, karyotypic, and immunohistochemical features are reported. RA induced cell line maturation. Cells strongly expressed myeloid markers, but also some T-cell markers. Additional karyotypic abnormalities, a 12p rearrangement and the possible presence of a homogeneous staining region (HSR) on 19q+ are discussed both in relation to T-cell (CD2, CD4) and monocyte (CD9) markers, and to the acquired cell growth autonomy. The cell line represents a remarkable tool for biomolecular studies.

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NB4, a maturation inducible cell line with t(15;17) marker isolated from a human acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v77.5.1080.bloodjournal7751080 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 77 (5) ◽

pp. 1080-1086 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

M Lanotte ◽

V Martin-Thouvenin ◽

S Najman ◽

P Balerini ◽

F Valensi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Cell Line ◽

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽

Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

All Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

Permanent Cell ◽

Inducible Cell Line

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a well-defined entity among acute leukemia, cytogenetically characterized by a t(15;17) (q22;q11–12) translocation. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that all-trans retinoic acid (RA) treatment restores cell maturation. We have isolated the first permanent cell line with t(15;17), derived from the marrow of a patient with APL in relapse. The establishment of the cell line, its morphologic, karyotypic, and immunohistochemical features are reported. RA induced cell line maturation. Cells strongly expressed myeloid markers, but also some T-cell markers. Additional karyotypic abnormalities, a 12p rearrangement and the possible presence of a homogeneous staining region (HSR) on 19q+ are discussed both in relation to T-cell (CD2, CD4) and monocyte (CD9) markers, and to the acquired cell growth autonomy. The cell line represents a remarkable tool for biomolecular studies.

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Complete remission through blast cell differentiation inPLZF/RARα-positive acute promyelocytic leukemia: in vitro and in vivo studies

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2001-12-0368 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 100 (3) ◽

pp. 1065-1067 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Maria C. Petti ◽

Francesco Fazi ◽

Massimo Gentile ◽

Daniela Diverio ◽

Paolo De Fabritiis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽

Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Atra Treatment ◽

Genetic Studies ◽

Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

All Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

Deacetylase Inhibitor

Abstract Acute leukemia with the t(11;17) expressing the PLZF-RARαgene fusion is a rare variant of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) that has been associated with poor clinical response to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment. However, some recent reports have put into question the absolute refractoriness of this leukemia to ATRA. We describe here a patient withPLZF/RARα APL who was treated at relapse with ATRA and low-dose hydroxyurea. Complete hematologic remission was obtained through differentiation of leukemic blasts, as proven by morphologic, immunophenophenotypic, and genetic studies carried out in sequential bone marrow samples. Moreover, in vitro studies indicated that blast differentiation was potentiated by the addition of the histone deacetylase inhibitor tricostatin A, but not of hydroxyurea, to ATRA. Our findings indicate that the maturation block may be overcome and terminal differentiation obtained in this leukemia subset and support the view that sensitivity/refractoriness of this form to ATRA should be revisited.

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In vitro all-trans retinoic acid sensitivity of acute promyelocytic leukemia blasts: a novel indicator of poor patient outcome

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v98.9.2862 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 98 (9) ◽

pp. 2862-2864 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Bruno Cassinat ◽

Sylvie Chevret ◽

Fabien Zassadowski ◽

Nicole Balitrand ◽

Isabelle Guillemot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽

Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽

Leukemic Cells ◽

Event Free Survival ◽

Free Survival ◽

Acid Sensitivity ◽

Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

All Trans Retinoic Acid

Abstract Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) blasts possess a unique sensitivity to the differentiating effects of all-transretinoic acid (ATRA). Multicenter trials confirm that the combination of differentiation and cytotoxic therapy prolongs survival in APL patients. However relapses still occur, and exquisite adaptation of therapy to prognostic factors is essential to aim at a possible cure of the disease. A heterogeneity was previously reported in the differentiation rate of patients' APL blasts, and it was postulated that this may reflect the in vivo heterogeneous outcome. In this study, it is demonstrated that patients of the APL93 trial whose leukemic cells achieved optimal differentiation with ATRA in vitro at diagnosis had a significantly improved event-free survival (P = .01) and lower relapse rate (P = .04). This analysis highlights the importance of the differentiation step in APL therapy and justifies ongoing studies aimed at identifying novel RA-differentiation enhancers.

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Fucoidan enhances the therapeutic potential of arsenic trioxide and all-trans retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia, in vitro and in vivo

Oncotarget ◽

10.18632/oncotarget.10016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (29) ◽

pp. 46028-46041 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Farzaneh Atashrazm ◽

Ray M. Lowenthal ◽

Joanne L. Dickinson ◽

Adele F. Holloway ◽

Gregory M. Woods

Keyword(s):

Retinoic Acid ◽

Arsenic Trioxide ◽

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽

Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

All Trans Retinoic Acid

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A Retinoid-Resistant Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Subclone Expresses a Dominant Negative PML-RARα Mutation

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v89.12.4282 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 89 (12) ◽

pp. 4282-4289 ◽

Cited By ~ 135

Author(s):

Wenlin Shao ◽

Laura Benedetti ◽

William W. Lamph ◽

Clara Nervi ◽

Wilson H. Miller

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Retinoic Acid ◽

Ligand Binding ◽

Cell Line ◽

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽

Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽

Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽

Dominant Negative

Abstract The unique t(15; 17) of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) fuses the PML gene with the retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) gene. Although retinoic acid (RA) inhibits cell growth and induces differentiation in human APL cells, resistance to RA develops both in vitro and in patients. We have developed RA-resistant subclones of the human APL cell line, NB4, whose nuclear extracts display altered RA binding. In the RA-resistant subclone, R4, we find an absence of ligand binding of PML-RARα associated with a point mutation changing a leucine to proline in the ligand-binding domain of the fusion PML-RARα protein. In contrast to mutations in RARα found in retinoid-resistant HL60 cells, in this NB4 subclone, the coexpressed RARα remains wild-type. In vitro expression of a cloned PML-RARα with the observed mutation in R4 confirms that this amino acid change causes the loss of ligand binding, but the mutant PML-RARα protein retains the ability to heterodimerize with RXRα and thus to bind to retinoid response elements (RAREs). This leads to a dominant negative block of transcription from RAREs that is dose-dependent and not relieved by RA. An unrearranged RARα engineered with this mutation also lost ligand binding and inhibited transcription in a dominant negative manner. We then found that the mutant PML-RARα selectively alters regulation of gene expression in the R4 cell line. R4 cells have lost retinoid-regulation of RXRα and RARβ and the RA-induced loss of PML-RARα protein seen in NB4 cells, but retain retinoid-induction of CD18 and CD38. Thus, the R4 cell line provides data supporting the presence of an RARα-mediated pathway that is independent from gene expression induced or repressed by PML-RARα. The high level of retinoid resistance in vitro and in vivo of cells from some relapsed APL patients suggests similar molecular changes may occur clinically.

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All-trans retinoic acid as a differentiation therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia. I. Clinical results [see comments]

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v76.9.1704.1704 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 76 (9) ◽

pp. 1704-1709 ◽

Cited By ~ 821

Author(s):

S Castaigne ◽

C Chomienne ◽

MT Daniel ◽

P Ballerini ◽

R Berger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retinoic Acid ◽

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽

Complete Response ◽

Clinical Results ◽

Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽

Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

All Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

Hepatic Transaminases

Abstract Twenty-two patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia were treated with all-trans retinoic acid (RA, 45 mg/m2 per day) for 90 days. Of the 22, four patients were previously untreated, two were resistant after conventional chemotherapy, and 16 were in first (n = 11), second (n = 4), or third (n = 1) relapse. We observed 14 complete response, four transient responses, one failure, and three early deaths. Length of hospitalization and number of transfusions were notably reduced in complete responders. Correction of coagulation disorders and an increase of WBCs were the first signs of all-trans RA efficacy. Morphologic analysis performed at days 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 showed that complete remissions were obtained without bone marrow (BM) hypoplasia. Presence of Auer rods in the maturing cells confirmed the differentiation effect of the treatment. At remission, the t(15;17) initially present in 20 patients was not found. The in vitro studies showed a differentiation in the presence of all-trans RA in 16 of the 18 tested cases. The single nonresponder to all trans RA in vitro did not respond in vivo. Adverse effects of RA therapy--skin and mucosa dryness, hypertriglyceridemia, and increase of hepatic transaminases-- were frequently noted. We also observed bone pain in 11 patients and hyperleukocytosis in four patients. Whether maintenance treatment consisted of low-dose chemotherapy or all-trans RA, early relapses were observed. Five patients are still in complete remission (CR) at 4 to 13 months. Our study confirms the major efficacy of all-trans RA in M3, even in relapsing patients. Remissions are obtained by a differentiation process.

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Combined effect of all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v97.1.264 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 97 (1) ◽

pp. 264-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 153

Author(s):

Yongkui Jing ◽

Long Wang ◽

Lijuan Xia ◽

Guo-qiang Chen ◽

Zhu Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retinoic Acid ◽

Arsenic Trioxide ◽

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽

Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽

Nb4 Cells ◽

Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

All Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

Induced Apoptosis

Abstract All-trans retinoic acid (tRA) and arsenic trioxide (As2O3) induce non–cross-resistant complete clinical remission in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia with t(15;17) translocation and target PML-RARα, the leukemogenic protein, by different pathways suggesting a possible therapeutic synergism. To evaluate this possibility, this study examined the effect of As2O3 on tRA-induced differentiation and, conversely, the effect of tRA on As2O3-induced apoptosis. As2O3 at subapoptotic concentrations (0.5 μM) decreased tRA-induced differentiation in NB4 cells but synergized with atRA to induce differentiation in tRA-resistant NB4 subclones MR-2 and R4 cells as measured by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction and tRA-inducible genes (TTGII, RARβ, RIG-E). tRA cleaved PML-RARα into distinct fragments in NB4 but not in tRA-resistant MR-2 or R4 cells, whereas As2O3 completely degraded PML-RARα in all 3 cell lines. As2O3-induced apoptosis was decreased by tRA pretreatment of NB4 cells but not of R4 cells and was associated with a strong induction of Bfl-1/A1 expression, a Bcl-2 protein family member. Severe combined immunodeficient mice bearing NB4 cells showed an additive survival effect after sequential treatment, but a toxic effect was observed after simultaneous treatment with tRA and As2O3. These data suggest that combined As2O3 and tRA treatment may be more effective than single agents in tRA-resistant patients. Although in vitro data do not always translate to in vivo response, toxicity and potential drug antagonism may be diminished by decreasing the concentration of As2O3 when given at the same time with therapeutic levels of tRA.

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Treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with arsenic compounds: In vitro and in vivo studies

Seminars in Hematology ◽

10.1016/s0037-1963(01)90003-4 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 26-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chen Zhu ◽

Chen Guo-Qiang ◽

Shen Zhi-Xiang ◽

Chen Sai-Juan ◽

Wang Zhen-Yi

Keyword(s):

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽

Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Arsenic Compounds

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All-trans retinoic acid pharmacokinetics and bioavailability in acute promyelocytic leukemia: intracellular concentrations and biologic response relationship.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.1995.13.10.2517 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 2517-2523 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

A Agadir ◽

M Cornic ◽

P Lefebvre ◽

B Gourmel ◽

M Jérôme ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retinoic Acid ◽

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽

Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽

Leukemic Cells ◽

Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

All Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

Group A ◽

In Vitro Response

PURPOSE This study investigated the in vitro pharmacologic behavior and disposition kinetics of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in acute myeloid leukemic (AML) cells, their sensitivity to its differentiating effect, and the in vivo response of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients after therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fresh leukemic cells from 14 AML patients (nine APL and five non-APL), were incubated in suspension culture in the absence or presence of 10(-6) mol/L ATRA. Intracellular ATRA concentration and ATRA metabolism was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS Immediate uptake is observed with maximal intracellular levels (Cmax) achieved after 24 hours of incubation. At this time, ATRA levels were variable, ranging from 20 to 230 pmol/10(6) cells (median, 100 pmol/10(6) cells). Comparison of ATRA intracellular levels with the in vitro response of patients' cell samples as measured by the percentage of nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT)-positive cells after a 3-day incubation period allowed us to discriminate a group of APL patients (n = 6) with high Cmax (group A; median, 200 pmol/10(6) cells) and maximal differentiation at day 3 (median, 80%), and a group of patients (n = 8, three APL and five non-APL) with low Cmax (group B; median, 35 pmol/10(6) cells) and poor in vitro response (median, 40%; APL cases only). Interestingly, all APL patients, except one included in group A (rapid in vitro ATRA uptakers), achieved a complete remission. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that intracellular ATRA concentrations are determinant for ATRA response and should be taken into account when monitoring the efficacy of ATRA differentiation therapeutic trials in malignant disorders.

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