scholarly journals Randomized study of didanosine monotherapy and combination therapy with zidovudine in hemophilic and nonhemophilic subjects with asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection. AIDS Clinical Trial Groups

Blood ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 2337-2346 ◽  
Author(s):  
MV Ragni ◽  
DA Amato ◽  
ML LoFaro ◽  
V DeGruttola ◽  
C Van Der Horst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Dose Combination ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 ◽  
Asymptomatic Hiv

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of didanosine (ddl) monotherapy and three different combinations of zidovudine (ZDV) and ddl in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection, we conducted an open-label, phase I/II study in 126 asymptomatic HIV-1-infected hemophilic and nonhemophilic subjects with a CD4 count of 200 to 500/mm3 stratified for prior zidovudine treatment and baseline CD4 count. Study arms included arm A, low-dose combination (ZDV 150 mg and ddl 134 mg, daily); arm B, moderate-dose combination (ZDV 300 mg and ddI 334 mg, daily); arm C, high-dose combination (ZDV 600 mg and ddl 500 mg, daily), and arm D, ddl monotherapy (ddl 500 mg, daily). Earlier, more frequent hepatotoxicity was experienced by hemophilic subjects (P = .008), but there were no differences in toxicity between treatment arms (P = .51), nor were there any differences in the rate of development of clinical endpoints by treatment (P = .41). Smaller median CD4 increases occurred over the first 12 weeks for arms A and D, 44/mm3 and 42/mm3, than arms B and C, 105/mm3 and 114/mm3, respectively, (P = .015). Hemophilia status (P = .0004) and prior ZDV experience (P = .044) independently predicted weaker CD4 responses during the first 12 weeks of treatment. Using a regression model and adjusting for hemophilia status, prior ZDV treatment, and baseline CD4, there was a significant reduction in quantitative viral load from baseline by week 12 for all treatment arms combined (P = .0001), with significantly lower median percent reduction for arm A (56.3%) than arms B, C, and D (94.6%, 98.5%, and 91.9%, respectively, P = .015). Although greater hepatoxicity and weaker CD4 responses occur in hemophilic subjects, didanosine monotherapy and combination therapy with zidovudine are safe and effective in asymptomatic HIV-1-infected patients.

scholarly journals Frequency of Cytomegalovirus Viral Load in Iranian Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Infected Patients with CD4+ Counts <100 Cells/mm3

Intervirology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Jabbari ◽  
Hoorieh Soleimanjahi ◽  
Somayeh Shatizadeh Malekshahi ◽  
Mohammad Gholami ◽  
Leila Sadeghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of present work was to assess cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in Iranian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients with a CD4+ count &#x3c;100 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> and to explore whether CMV DNA loads correlate with CD4+ cell counts or associated retinitis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study was conducted at the AIDS research center in Iran on HIV-1-infected patients with CD4+ count &#x3c;100 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>, antiretroviral therapy-naive, aged ≥18 years with no previous history of CMV end-organ disease (CMV-EOD). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Thirty-nine of 82 patients (47.56%) had detectable CMV viral load ranging from 66 to 485,500 IU/mL. CMV viral load in patients with retinitis ranges from 352 to 2,720 IU/mL, and it was undetectable in 2 patients. No significant associations between CMV viremia and CD4+ cell count was found (<i>p</i> value = 0.31), whereas significant association of CMV viremia in HIV-infected patients with retinitis was found (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.02). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We estimated the frequency of CMV viral load infection in Iranian HIV-1-infected patients with a CD4+ cell count &#x3c;100 mm<sup>3</sup>/mL in the largest national referral center for HIV-1 infection in Iran. Further research is required on the relevance of CMV viral load in diagnostic and prognostic value of CMV-EOD.

scholarly journals APOBEC3H haplotypes and HIV-1 pro-viral vif DNA sequence diversity in early untreated human immunodeficiency virus–1 infection

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Gourraud ◽  
A. Karaouni ◽  
J.M. Woo ◽  
T. Schmidt ◽  
J.R. Oksenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sequence Diversity ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

scholarly journals Human immunodeficiency virus 1. Predominance of a group-specific neutralizing epitope that persists despite genetic variation.

1989 ◽  
Vol 170 (5) ◽  
pp. 1681-1695 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Berkower ◽  
G E Smith ◽  
C Giri ◽  
D Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Epitope ◽  
Vaccine Strategy ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

HIV-1 is known to show a high degree of genetic diversity, which may have major implications for disease pathogenesis and prevention. If every divergent isolate represented a distinct serotype, then effective vaccination might be impossible. However, using a sensitive new plaque-forming assay for HIV-1, we have found that most infected patients make neutralizing antibodies, predominantly to a group-specific epitope shared among three highly divergent isolates. This epitope persists among divergent isolates and rarely mutates, despite the rapid overall mutation rate of HIV-1, suggesting that it may participate in an essential viral function. These findings, plus the rarity of reinfections among these patients, suggest that HIV-1 may be more susceptible to a vaccine strategy based on a group-specific neutralizing epitope than was previously suspected.

Neuropsychological studies of asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Type-1 infected individuals

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desirée A. White ◽  
Robert K. Heaton ◽  
Andreas U. Monsch ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Test Battery ◽  
Neuropsychological Impairment ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Type Test ◽  
Hiv Type 1 ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Asymptomatic Hiv

AbstractThe current review was conducted to address the ongoing debate regarding the presence or absence of neuropsychological impairment in asymptomatic HIV-Type 1 (HIV-1) seropositive individuals. Results were summarized from 57 studies that compared the performances of seropositive asymptomatic and seronegative individuals. Overall, the differences observed between median rates of impairment for asymptomatic (35%) and seronegative (12%) groups provided the clearest indication of deficits in asymptomatics. In addition, five variables were examined as possible contributors to inconsistencies found in the literature: mode of infection, test battery type, test battery size, sample size, and method of data analysis. Of these variables, only mode of infection and test battery size appeared to substantially influence the outcome of the studies reviewed with regard to identifying neuropsychological impairment in asymptomatics. (JINS, 1995, I, 304–315.)

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