scholarly journals Imaging the heart in pulmonary hypertension: an update

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (138) ◽  
pp. 653-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekkehard Grünig ◽  
Andrew J. Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Right Heart Catheterisation ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Right

Noninvasive imaging of the heart plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of pulmonary hypertension (PH), and several well-established techniques are available for assessing performance of the right ventricle, the key determinant of patient survival. While right heart catheterisation is mandatory for establishing a diagnosis of PH, echocardiography is the most important screening tool for early detection of PH. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) is also a reliable and practical tool that can be used as part of the diagnostic work-up. Echocardiography can measure a range of haemodynamic and anatomical variables (e.g. pericardial effusion and pulmonary artery pressure), whereas CMRI provides complementary information to echocardiography via high-resolution, three-dimensional imaging. Together with echocardiography and CMRI, techniques such as high-resolution computed tomography and positron emission tomography may also be valuable for screening, monitoring and follow-up assessments of patients with PH, but their clinical relevance has yet to be established. Technological advances have produced new variants of echocardiography, CMRI and positron emission tomography, and these permit closer examination of myocardial architecture, motion and deformation. Integrating these new tools into clinical practice in the future may lead to more precise noninvasive determination of diagnosis, risk and prognosis for PH.

scholarly journals Metabolic and Functional Evaluation of the Heart and Lungs in Pulmonary Hypertension by Gated 2-[18F]-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose Positron Emission Tomography

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 428-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didem Saygin ◽  
Kristin B. Highland ◽  
Samar Farha ◽  
Margaret Park ◽  
Jacqueline Sharp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Right

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with a metabolic shift towards glycolysis in both the right ventricle and lung. This results in increased glucose uptake to compensate for the lower energy yield of glycolysis, which creates a potential for 2-[18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) to be a useful tool in the evaluation of participants with PH. We investigated the utility of PET for PH by comparing FDG-PET uptake in the right ventricle and lungs in 30 participants with PH and eight healthy controls and correlating these measurements with echocardiographic (ECHO) measurements and other traditional assessments commonly used in PH. All participants underwent gated FDG-PET scanning in the fasting state, ECHO, six-minute walk test (6MWT), and blood draw for NT-proBNP. Participants also completed the CAMPHOR questionnaire. Right ventricular (RV) end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, RV ejection fraction, and FDG uptake by PET were significantly different between PH and healthy controls and strongly correlated with plasma NT-proBNP levels and RV ECHO parameters including TAPSE, RV systolic pressure, Tei index, and global peak systolic strain. In addition, lung standardized uptake value (SUV) was also found to be significantly higher in participants with PH than healthy controls. However, lung SUV did not show any significant correlations with NT-proBNP levels, 6MWT, or functional and pressure measurements by ECHO. In this study, we demonstrated the ability to evaluate both lung and right heart metabolism and function in PH by using a single gated FDG-PET scan.

A Positron Emission Tomography Study of Visual and Mental Spatial Exploration

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mellet ◽  
N. Tzourio ◽  
M. Denis ◽  
B. Mazoyer
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Visual Exploration ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Total Darkness ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Right ◽  
No Activation

We measured normalized regional cerebral blood flow (NrCBF) using positron emission tomography (PET) and oxygen-15-labeled water in eight young right-handed healthy volunteers selected as high-imagers. during 2 runs of 3 different conditions: 1, rest in total darkness 2; visual exploration of a map 3; mental exploration of the same map in total darkness. NrCBF images were aligned with individual magnetic resonance images (MRI), and NrCBF variations between pairs of measurements (N = 15) were computed in regions of interest having anatomical boundaries that were defined using a three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of each subject MRI. During visual exploration, we found bilateral activations of primary visual areas, superior and inferior occipital gyri, fusiform and lingual gyri, cuneus and precuneus, bilateral superior parietal, and angular gyri. The right lateral premotor area was also activated during this task while superior temporal gyri and Broca's area were deactivated. By contrast, mental exploration activated the right superior occipital cortex, the supplementary motor area, and the cerebellar vermis. No activation was observed in the primary visual area. These results argue for a specific participation of the superior occipital cortex in the generation and maintenance of visual mental images.

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