scholarly journals Sleep disordered breathing at the extremes of age: infancy

Breathe ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e1-e11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don S. Urquhart ◽  
Hui-Leng Tan
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Sleep Architecture ◽  
List Type ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Ventilatory Control ◽  
Educational Aims ◽  
Normal Sleep ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Educational aimsThe reader will be able to:Understand normal sleep patterns in infancyAppreciate disorders of breathing in infancyAppreciate disorders of respiratory controlNormal sleep in infancy is a time of change with alterations in sleep architecture, sleep duration, sleep patterns and respiratory control as an infant grows older. Interactions between sleep and respiration are key to the mechanisms by which infants are vulnerable to sleep disordered breathing.This review discusses normal sleep in infancy, as well as normal sleep breathing in infancy. Sleep disordered breathing (obstructive and central) as well as disorders of ventilatory control and infant causes of hypoventilation are all reviewed in detail.

scholarly journals Sleep disordered breathing at the extremes of age: the elderly

Breathe ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison McMillan ◽  
Mary J. Morrell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older People ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
List Type ◽  
Pressure Therapy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Key pointsSleep disordered breathing (SDB) is common and its prevalence increases with age. Despite this high prevalence, SDB is frequently unrecognised and undiagnosed in older people.There is accumulating evidence that SDB in older people is associated with worsening cardio- cerebrovascular, cognitive and functional outcomes.There is now good evidence to support the use of continuous positive airway pressure therapy in older patients with symptomatic SDB.Educational aimsTo highlight the prevalence and presentation of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in older people.To inform readers about the risk factors for SDB in older people.To explore the impact of SDB in older people.To introduce current evidence based treatment options for SDB in older people.Sleep disordered breathing (SBD) increases in prevalence as we age, most likely due to physiological and physical changes that occur with ageing. Additionally, SDB is associated with comorbidity and its subsequent polypharmacy, which may increase with increasing age. Finally, the increased prevalence of SDB is intrinsically linked to the obesity epidemic. SDB is associated with serious outcomes in younger people and, likewise, older people. Thus, identification, diagnosis and treatment of SDB is important irrelevant of age. This article reviews the age-related changes contributing to SDB, the epidemiology and the risk factors for SDB in older people, the association of SDB with adverse outcomes, and diagnostic and treatment options for this population.

Postoperative Changes in Sleep-disordered Breathing and Sleep Architecture in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

2014 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Chung ◽  
Pu Liao ◽  
Balaji Yegneswaran ◽  
Colin M. Shapiro ◽  
Weimin Kang
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Sleep Architecture ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Postoperative Changes ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Abstract Background: Anesthetics, analgesics, and surgery may profoundly affect sleep architecture and aggravate sleep-related breathing disturbances. The authors hypothesized that patients with preoperative polysomnographic evidence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) would experience greater changes in these parameters than patients without OSA. Methods: After obtaining approvals from the Institutional Review Boards, consented patients underwent portable polysomnography preoperatively and on postoperative nights (N) 1, 3, 5, and 7 at home or in hospital. The primary and secondary outcome measurements were polysomnographic parameters of sleep-disordered breathing and sleep architecture. Results: Of the 58 patients completed the study, 38 patients had OSA (apnea hypopnea index [AHI] >5) with median preoperative AHI of 18 events per hour and 20 non-OSA patients had median preoperative AHI of 2. AHI was increased after surgery in both OSA and non-OSA patients (P < 0.05), with peak increase on postoperative N3 (OSA vs. non-OSA, 29 [14, 57] vs. 8 [2, 18], median [25th, 75th percentile], P < 0.05). Hypopnea index accounted for 72% of the postoperative increase in AHI. The central apnea index was low (median = 0) but was significantly increased on postoperative N1 in only non-OSA patients. Sleep efficiency, rapid eye movement sleep, and slow-wave sleep were decreased on N1 in both groups, with gradual recovery. Conclusions: Postoperatively, sleep architecture was disturbed and AHI was increased in both OSA and non-OSA patients. Although the disturbances in sleep architecture were greatest on postoperative N1, breathing disturbances during sleep were greatest on postoperative N3.

scholarly journals Sleep phenotype in children with Down syndrome – altered sleep architecture and sleep-disordered breathing

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Romana Gjergja Juraški ◽  
Mirjana Turkalj ◽  
Davor Plavec ◽  
Boro Nogalo ◽  
Ivana Marušić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Sleep Architecture ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Disordered Breathing

scholarly journals 0423 Older Age Modifies the Association Between Combined Sleep Disordered Breathing and Sleep Duration with Neurocognitive Decline in Hispanic/Latino Adults

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A162-A162
Author(s):  
S Kaur ◽  
W Tarraf ◽  
B Wu ◽  
M Daviglus ◽  
N Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Long Sleep ◽  
Neurocognitive Decline ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Abstract Introduction We aimed to determine if age or sex modifies associations between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), sleep duration and severe phenotypes of combined SDB/sleep duration with 7-year neurocognitive change (NC) in a diverse sample of U.S. Hispanic/Latinos. Methods We analyzed data of 5,235 adults 50-80 years of age from SOL-INCA, an ancillary to the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos that determines the risk factors for NC. The main outcome was NC after a mean follow-up of 7-years on measures of memory (SEVLT sum and SEVLT recall), language (word fluency), processing speed (DSS) and a cognitive impairment screener. We evaluated the effect of baseline SDB (AHI ≥ 15), sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESS ≥ 10), self-reported sleep duration (i.e. <6 hours, 6-9 hours, ≥ 9 hours), age and sex on NC. Survey linear regression models with interaction terms were used to examine the relationship between SDB, sleep duration, combinations of SDB and sleep duration phenotypes and NC. Depression, vascular risk, sleep medication, and study site were entered into all models as covariates. Results Overall, the mean age was 56.0 years, 54.8% females, 62.2% completed high school, 17.3% had SDB, 6.6% had short sleep,and 14.8% had long sleep. Sleep duration and SDB were not associated with NC. There was a significant interaction between agexSDB+sleep duration on delayed recall (F10,599= 2.40, p=0.01) and processing speed (F10,597= 2.55, p=0.01). Combined SDB + short sleep was associated with decline in processing speed (β=-0.6, 95% CI= [-1.2, -0.1], and combined SDB+long sleep was associated with decline in verbal memory (β=-0.9, 95% CI=[-1.7, -0.2] in adults aged ≥ 65 years. There was no association in participants aged <65 years and no sex differences. Conclusion Age, but not sex, modified the association between SDB and sleep duration with decline on processing speed and verbal memory. Sleep interventions tailored for older adults may be useful in slowing or preventing neurocognitive decline. Support This work is supported by National Institute on Aging (R01AG048642, RF1AG054548, R01AG061022, and R21AG056952).

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