scholarly journals “Controlled versus free breathing for multiple breath nitrogen washout in healthy adults”. Blake M. Handley, Edward Jeagal, Robin E. Schoeffel, Tanya Badal, David G. Chapman, Catherine E. Farrow, Gregory G. King, Paul D. Robinson, Stephen Milne and Cindy Thamrin. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7: 00435-2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 50435-2020
Keyword(s):  
Free Breathing ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Nitrogen Washout

scholarly journals Point Shear Wave Elastography and the Effect of Physical Exercise, Alcohol Consumption, and Respiration in Healthy Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. E54-E61
Author(s):  
Victoria Taraldsen ◽  
Sunneva Tomasgard ◽  
Margrethe Thune Rudlang ◽  
Odd Helge Gilja ◽  
Mette Vesterhus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Free Breathing ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Purpose Ultrasound elastography is a noninvasive method for liver stiffness measurement (LSM) with the aim of reflecting approximate liver fibrosis load. Despite minimal evidence, current guidelines recommend 10 min of rest and breath hold prior to measurements and offer no advice concerning recent alcohol consumption, leading to challenges in clinical practice. We aimed to investigate how LSM in healthy adults is influenced by physical exercise, recent alcohol consumption, and respiration. Materials and Methods 42 healthy subjects aged 21–36 years were included. LSM using point shear wave elastography (pSWE) was performed in five stages: baseline, after physical activity, after registration of alcohol consumption, and during breath hold compared to free breathing. Results LSM values were significantly increased following physical exercise compared to baseline values (4.1±0.8 vs. 3.8±0.8 kPa, p=0.01). Alcohol consumption during the last 72 h (0–27 alcohol units) did not significantly affect LSM. There was no significant difference between LSM during breath hold and free breathing. Conclusion In healthy subjects, LSM increased after recent physical exercise, while alcohol consumption 24–72 h prior to examination did not have a significant impact. There was no clinically significant effect of breath hold on LSM. Our study supports present guidelines recommending rest prior to LSM, while indicating that breath hold may not be mandatory. Recent moderate alcohol exposure may affect LSM to a lesser extent than commonly believed.

scholarly journals Controlled versus free breathing for multiple breath nitrogen washout in healthy adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 00435-2020
Author(s):  
Blake M. Handley ◽  
Edward Jeagal ◽  
Robin E. Schoeffel ◽  
Tanya Badal ◽  
David G. Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
Free Breathing ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Nitrogen Washout ◽  
Ventilation Heterogeneity ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Controlled Breathing ◽  
Adult Volunteers

Multiple breath nitrogen washout (MBNW) quantifies ventilation heterogeneity. Two distinct protocols are currently used for MBNW testing: “controlled breathing”, with targeted tidal volume (VT) and respiratory rate (RR); and “free breathing”, with no constraints on breathing pattern. Indices derived from the two protocols (functional residual capacity [FRC], lung clearance index [LCI], Scond, Sacin) have not been directly compared in adults. We aimed to determine whether MBNW indices are comparable between protocols, to identify factors underlying any between-protocol differences, and to determine the between-session variabilities of each protocol.We performed MBNW testing by both protocols in 27 healthy adult volunteers, applying the currently-proposed correction for VT to Scond and Sacin derived from free breathing. To establish between-session variability, we repeated testing in 15 volunteers within 3 months.While FRC was comparable between controlled versus free breathing (3.17(0.98) versus 3.18(0.94) L,p=0.88), indices of ventilation heterogeneity derived from the two protocols were not, with poor correlation for Scond (r=0.18,p=0.36) and significant bias for Sacin (0.057(0.021)L−1versus 0.085(0.038)L−1,p=0.0004). Between-protocol differences in Sacin were related to differences in the breathing pattern, i.e. VT (p=0.004) and RR (p=0.01), rather than FRC. FRC and LCI showed good between-session repeatability, but Scond and Sacin from free breathing showed poor repeatability with wide limits of agreement.These findings have implications for the ongoing clinical implementation of MBNW, as they demonstrate that Scond and Sacin from free breathing, despite VT correction, are not equivalent to the controlled breathing protocol. The poor between-session repeatability of Scond during free breathing may limit its clinical utility.

scholarly journals Controlled versus free breathing for multiple breath nitrogen washout in asthma

2021 ◽  
pp. 00487-2021
Author(s):  
Blake M. Handley ◽  
Jack Bozier ◽  
Edward Jeagal ◽  
Sandra Rutting ◽  
Robin E. Schoeffel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Breathing ◽  
Nitrogen Washout

Variability of the computerized single-breath nitrogen washout test in healthy adults. Results from a field survey in a French rural area

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Teculescu ◽  
E. Rebstock ◽  
I. Caillier ◽  
Q. T. Pham ◽  
E. Costantino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Nitrogen Washout ◽  
Single Breath

Wechsler Memory Scale, Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test, and Everyday Memory Questionnaire in Healthy Adults and Alzheimer Patients

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Efklides ◽  
Efterpi Yiultsi ◽  
Theopisti Kangellidou ◽  
Fotini Kounti ◽  
Fotini Dina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Everyday Memory ◽  
Wechsler Memory Scale ◽  
Everyday Memory Questionnaire ◽  
Behavioral Memory ◽  
Memory Questionnaire

Summary: The Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) is a laboratory-based memory test that has been criticized for its lack of ecological validity and for not testing long-term memory. A more recent memory test, which aims at testing everyday memory, is the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBMT); it tests prospective memory and other forms of memory not tapped by WMS. However, even this test does not capture all aspects of everyday memory problems often reported by adults. These problems are the object of the Everyday Memory Questionnaire (EMQ). This study aimed at identifying the relationships between these three memory tests. The differential effect of Alzheimer's disease (AD) on the above relationships was also studied. The sample consisted of 233 healthy adults (20 to 75+ years of age) and 39 AD patients (50 to 75 years of age). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed the following latent factors: Verbal Memory, Visual Reconstruction, Orientation, Message (action embedded in spatial context), Visual Recognition, Spatial Memory, New Learning/Association Forming, Prospective/Episodic Memory, and Metamemory. These first-order factors were further explained by two second-order factors: Semantic Memory and Coordination of Semantic and Visuo-Spatial Memory. This basic structure was preserved in the sample of AD patients, although AD patients performed less well on the WMS and the RBMT. Some interesting findings regarding semantic memory, face recognition, and metamemory in AD patients are also reported. Age, education, but no gender effects on memory performance were also detected.

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