scholarly journals Leaps and bounds: geographical and ecological distance constrained the colonisation of the Afrotemperate by Erica

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Pirie ◽  
Martha Kandziora ◽  
Nicolai M. Nürk ◽  
Nicholas C. Le Maitre ◽  
Ana Mugrabi de Kuppler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Evolutionary Radiation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ecological Suitability ◽  
Ecological Distance ◽  
Source And Sink

Abstract Background The coincidence of long distance dispersal (LDD) and biome shift is assumed to be the result of a multifaceted interplay between geographical distance and ecological suitability of source and sink areas. Here, we test the influence of these factors on the dispersal history of the flowering plant genus Erica (Ericaceae) across the Afrotemperate. We quantify similarity of Erica climate niches per biogeographic area using direct observations of species, and test various colonisation scenarios while estimating ancestral areas for the Erica clade using parametric biogeographic model testing. Results We infer that the overall dispersal history of Erica across the Afrotemperate is the result of infrequent colonisation limited by geographic proximity and niche similarity. However, the Drakensberg Mountains represent a colonisation sink, rather than acting as a “stepping stone” between more distant and ecologically dissimilar Cape and Tropical African regions. Strikingly, the most dramatic examples of species radiations in Erica were the result of single unique dispersals over longer distances between ecologically dissimilar areas, contradicting the rule of phylogenetic biome conservatism. Conclusions These results highlight the roles of geographical and ecological distance in limiting LDD, but also the importance of rare biome shifts, in which a unique dispersal event fuels evolutionary radiation.

scholarly journals Leaps and bounds: geographical and ecological distance constrained the colonisation of the Afrotemperate by Erica

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Pirie ◽  
M. Kandziora ◽  
N.M. Nürk ◽  
N.C. Le Maitre ◽  
A. Mugrabi de Kuppler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Evolutionary Radiation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ecological Suitability ◽  
Ecological Distance ◽  
Source And Sink

AbstractThe coincidence of long distance dispersal and biome shift is assumed to be the result of a multifaceted interplay between geographical distance and ecological suitability of source and sink areas. Here, we test the influence of these factors on the dispersal history of the flowering plant genus Erica (Ericaceae) across the Afrotemperate. We quantify similarity of Erica climate niches per biogeographic area using direct observations of species, and test various colonisation scenarios while estimating ancestral areas for the Erica clade using parametric biogeographic model testing. We infer that the overall dispersal history of Erica across the Afrotemperate is the result of infrequent colonisation limited by geographic proximity and niche similarity. However, the Drakensberg Mountains represent a colonisation sink, rather than acting as a “stepping stone” between more distant and ecologically dissimilar Cape and Tropical African regions. Strikingly, the most dramatic examples of species radiations in Erica were the result of single unique dispersals over longer distances between ecologically dissimilar areas, contradicting the rule of phylogenetic biome conservatism. These results highlight the importance of rare biome shifts, in which a unique dispersal event fuels evolutionary radiation.

Centers of origin revisited

Paleobiology ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl D. McCoy ◽  
Kenneth L. Heck
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Recent Contribution ◽  
Center Of Origin ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Evolutionary Radiation ◽  
Major Process ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Do So

Historical biogeographers are divided over the major process whereby extant species, or their ancestors, arrived in their present geographical locations. One faction promotes the idea of discrete “centers” of evolutionary radiation, from which species have been supplied to other areas by long-distance dispersal. A second faction advances the notion of widespread ancestral biotas, which have been fractionated into descendant biotas over time (vicariance). A seemingly endless polemic has elevated these rather simple alternatives to causes célèbres, and many workers have responded by dismissing virtually the entire vicariance literature (see Pielou 1981). We believe that the important distinction between vicariance and center-of-origin/long-distance-dispersal can be made clear to those interested in questions of paleobiogeography. In our opinion, the recent contribution by Briggs (1981) in this journal did not do so, and we now take the opportunity to try.

Land flora. Geography of the flowering plants

1969 ◽  
Vol 255 (800) ◽  
pp. 549-566 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
The Past ◽  
Neighbouring Island ◽  
The Tropics

The phanerogam flora of the Solomon Islands resembles that of Malesia, but has fewer families, genera and species. A number of lines of evidence indicate that it is not a recent, immigrant flora, and has not arrived by long-distance dispersal. The implication to be drawn from phanerogam distributions in Melanesia is that there have been stronger land connexions within the region and with Malesia in the past. The poverty of the Solomons flora is partly explicable by incomplete immigration from Malesia. There is also evidence for chance extinctions within the Group such as could follow from the continually changing land-sea boundaries. In its present form with a uniform flora with few local endemics, yet disjunctions to neighbouring island groups, the archipelago may well represent a ‘land-bridge’. Surprisingly there is no evidence of extensive species radiation in the Solomons despite gross geological viscissitudes; this is contrary to expectations based on temperate floras and suggests that flowering plant evolution in the tropics may be very slow. Further knowledge of the dates of land-sea changes in Melanesia should allow a time-scale to be set on the evolution of individual species.

scholarly journals The Evolutionary History of New Zealand Deschampsia Is Marked by Long-Distance Dispersal, Endemism, and Hybridization

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1001
Author(s):  
Zhiqing Xue ◽  
Josef Greimler ◽  
Ovidiu Paun ◽  
Kerry Ford ◽  
Michael H. J. Barfuss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Last Common Ancestor ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Test Species ◽  
History Of

The contrasting evolutionary histories of endemic versus related cosmopolitan species provide avenues to understand the spatial drivers and limitations of biodiversity. Here, we investigated the evolutionary history of three New Zealand endemic Deschampsia species, and how they are related to cosmopolitan D. cespitosa. We used RADseq to test species delimitations, infer a dated species tree, and investigate gene flow patterns between the New Zealand endemics and the D. cespitosa populations of New Zealand, Australia and Korea. Whole plastid DNA analysis was performed on a larger worldwide sampling. Morphometrics of selected characters were applied to New Zealand sampling. Our RADseq review of over 55 Mbp showed the endemics as genetically well-defined from each other. Their last common ancestor with D. cespitosa lived during the last ten MY. The New Zealand D. cespitosa appears in a clade with Australian and Korean samples. Whole plastid DNA analysis revealed the endemics as members of a southern hemisphere clade, excluding the extant D. cespitosa of New Zealand. Both data provided strong evidence for hybridization between D. cespitosa and D. chapmanii. Our findings provide evidence for at least two migration events of the genus Deschampsia to New Zealand and hybridization between D. cespitosa and endemic taxa.

scholarly journals Pathways of entry and spread of rust pathogens implications for New Zealands biosecurity

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L.H. Viljanen-Rollinson ◽  
M.G. Cromey
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Initial Infection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wind Currents ◽  
Rust Pathogens

The long distance dispersal of many plant pathogens has been well documented This phenomenon is also common in Australasia with wind currents and movement of people and possibly plant material facilitating introduction of several rust pathogens from Australia to New Zealand The history of the arrival survival and spread of three rust pathogens from Australia to New Zealand is outlined Initial outbreaks of poplar rust in 1973 wheat stripe rust in 1980 and blackberry rust in 1990 are all likely to have been initiated from spores originating in Australia After arrival urediniospores have to be viable and there must be sufficient susceptible hosts and favourable environmental conditions so that initial infection foci can establish and facilitate further spread This information is used to assess the risks posed to New Zealand by other rust pathogens that occur in Australia such as asparagus rust and to assess ways to minimise these risks

scholarly journals Worldwide long‐distance dispersal favored by epizoochorous traits in the biogeographic history of Omphalodeae (Boraginaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Otero ◽  
Pedro Jiménez‐Mejías ◽  
Virginia Valcárcel ◽  
Pablo Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
History Of

Evolutionary significance of long-distance dispersal and hybridisation in the New Zealand endemic genus Hoheria (Malvaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Wagstaff ◽  
Brian P. J. Molloy ◽  
Jennifer A. Tate
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Endemic Genus ◽  
Its Phylogeny ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
History Of

Parsimony and SplitsTree analyses of ITS and 5′ trnK/matK sequence data were used to assess the extent of hybridisation and its evolutionary significance in the New Zealand endemic genus Hoheria A.Cunn. The seven species of Hoheria form a monophyletic group along with the New Zealand endemic genus Plagianthus J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. and the Australian endemics Asterotrichion Klotzsch. and Gynatrix Alef. This strongly supported clade is sister to a clade of Australian species of Lawrencia Hook. The inferred evolutionary history of Hoheria suggests that the extant species are derived from a common ancestor that arrived in New Zealand by long-distance dispersal. There was little divergence among the species of Hoheria in either their ITS or trnK/matK sequences. Two known Hoheria hybrids exhibited overlapping heteromorphic nucleotides at virtually all of the variable positions. Approximately 40% of the other Hoheria accessions in our study retain similar heteromorphic sites. These polymorphisms were shared among the deepest branches in the ITS phylogeny, which potentially suggests that hybridisation has occurred throughout the evolutionary history of Hoheria. The phylogenetic structure of the ITS phylogeny completely collapsed in the strict consensus tree, and there was significant conflict between the biparentally inherited ITS phylogeny and the maternally inherited trnK/matK phylogeny. However, the removal of known and suspected hybrids resulted in parsimony trees that were more resolved. SplitsTree analyses revealed incompatible signals in the data, but recovered well supported groups that diverged from a central boxy network. Although the species of Hoheria are isolated by their ecological preferences or geographical distributions, interspecific hybrids are common in urban areas where the species are often planted.

scholarly journals Insights on long-distance dispersal, ecological and morphological evolution in the fern genus Microgramma from phylogenetic inferences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaís Elias Almeida ◽  
Alexandre Salino ◽  
Jean-Yves Dubuisson ◽  
Sabine Hennequin
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Divergence Times ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
African Species ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epiphytic Fern

AbstractThe epiphytic fern genus Microgramma (Polypodiaceae) comprises 30 species occurring mainly in the Neotropics with one species in Africa, being an example of trans-Atlantic disjunction. Morphologically and ecologically, Microgramma presents a wide variation that is not seen in its closest related genera. Recent works changed the circumscription of Microgramma to better conform with phylogenetic evidence, but no comprehensively sampled study has addressed the evolution of this lineage. This study aimed to investigate phylogenetic relationships, ecological and morphological evolution within Microgramma, as well as test the role of long-distant dispersal in the history of the genus. Sequences from five plastid regions were used to infer the phylogenetic relationships and estimate divergence times. Our results show five clades in Microgramma that do not corroborate any infrageneric classification system proposed. Several morphological traits seem to be homoplastic, such as leaf dimorphism. Tuber-like myrmecodomatia are suggested to be synapomorphic for one clade, although ant-plant association appears in two distinct lineages. Microgramma lycopodioides and M. mauritiana are not closely related, with the African species nested within an Atlantic Forest clade, indicating a long-distance dispersal event estimated to have occurred around 15 Ma from South America to Africa, followed by speciation.

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