Centers of origin revisited

Paleobiology ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl D. McCoy ◽  
Kenneth L. Heck
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Recent Contribution ◽  
Center Of Origin ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Evolutionary Radiation ◽  
Major Process ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Do So

Historical biogeographers are divided over the major process whereby extant species, or their ancestors, arrived in their present geographical locations. One faction promotes the idea of discrete “centers” of evolutionary radiation, from which species have been supplied to other areas by long-distance dispersal. A second faction advances the notion of widespread ancestral biotas, which have been fractionated into descendant biotas over time (vicariance). A seemingly endless polemic has elevated these rather simple alternatives to causes célèbres, and many workers have responded by dismissing virtually the entire vicariance literature (see Pielou 1981). We believe that the important distinction between vicariance and center-of-origin/long-distance-dispersal can be made clear to those interested in questions of paleobiogeography. In our opinion, the recent contribution by Briggs (1981) in this journal did not do so, and we now take the opportunity to try.

scholarly journals Leaps and bounds: geographical and ecological distance constrained the colonisation of the Afrotemperate by Erica

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Pirie ◽  
Martha Kandziora ◽  
Nicolai M. Nürk ◽  
Nicholas C. Le Maitre ◽  
Ana Mugrabi de Kuppler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Evolutionary Radiation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ecological Suitability ◽  
Ecological Distance ◽  
Source And Sink

Abstract Background The coincidence of long distance dispersal (LDD) and biome shift is assumed to be the result of a multifaceted interplay between geographical distance and ecological suitability of source and sink areas. Here, we test the influence of these factors on the dispersal history of the flowering plant genus Erica (Ericaceae) across the Afrotemperate. We quantify similarity of Erica climate niches per biogeographic area using direct observations of species, and test various colonisation scenarios while estimating ancestral areas for the Erica clade using parametric biogeographic model testing. Results We infer that the overall dispersal history of Erica across the Afrotemperate is the result of infrequent colonisation limited by geographic proximity and niche similarity. However, the Drakensberg Mountains represent a colonisation sink, rather than acting as a “stepping stone” between more distant and ecologically dissimilar Cape and Tropical African regions. Strikingly, the most dramatic examples of species radiations in Erica were the result of single unique dispersals over longer distances between ecologically dissimilar areas, contradicting the rule of phylogenetic biome conservatism. Conclusions These results highlight the roles of geographical and ecological distance in limiting LDD, but also the importance of rare biome shifts, in which a unique dispersal event fuels evolutionary radiation.

Evolutionary significance of long-distance dispersal and hybridisation in the New Zealand endemic genus Hoheria (Malvaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Wagstaff ◽  
Brian P. J. Molloy ◽  
Jennifer A. Tate
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Endemic Genus ◽  
Its Phylogeny ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
History Of

Parsimony and SplitsTree analyses of ITS and 5′ trnK/matK sequence data were used to assess the extent of hybridisation and its evolutionary significance in the New Zealand endemic genus Hoheria A.Cunn. The seven species of Hoheria form a monophyletic group along with the New Zealand endemic genus Plagianthus J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. and the Australian endemics Asterotrichion Klotzsch. and Gynatrix Alef. This strongly supported clade is sister to a clade of Australian species of Lawrencia Hook. The inferred evolutionary history of Hoheria suggests that the extant species are derived from a common ancestor that arrived in New Zealand by long-distance dispersal. There was little divergence among the species of Hoheria in either their ITS or trnK/matK sequences. Two known Hoheria hybrids exhibited overlapping heteromorphic nucleotides at virtually all of the variable positions. Approximately 40% of the other Hoheria accessions in our study retain similar heteromorphic sites. These polymorphisms were shared among the deepest branches in the ITS phylogeny, which potentially suggests that hybridisation has occurred throughout the evolutionary history of Hoheria. The phylogenetic structure of the ITS phylogeny completely collapsed in the strict consensus tree, and there was significant conflict between the biparentally inherited ITS phylogeny and the maternally inherited trnK/matK phylogeny. However, the removal of known and suspected hybrids resulted in parsimony trees that were more resolved. SplitsTree analyses revealed incompatible signals in the data, but recovered well supported groups that diverged from a central boxy network. Although the species of Hoheria are isolated by their ecological preferences or geographical distributions, interspecific hybrids are common in urban areas where the species are often planted.

scholarly journals Feaella (Tetrafeaella) obscura sp. nov. – a new pseudoscorpion species from the Maldives (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones), and an updated identification key to the subgenus Feaella (Tetrafeaella)

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 769-779
Author(s):  
János Novák ◽  
Michelle Lorenz ◽  
Danilo Harms
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Oceanic Island ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
A New Species

The Feaellidae Ellingsen, 1906 is a small but ancient family of pseudoscorpions with 20 extant species across the Southern Hemisphere, and fossils from the Lower Cretaceous of Myanmar and the Eocoene of Europe. Here, we describe and illustrate Feaella (Tetrafeaella) obscurasp. nov. as a new species from the Maldives archipelago in the Indian Ocean. This is the first record of Feaella from a young oceanic island and may indicate a potential for long-distance dispersal in this lineage. We also elevate Feaella (T.) capensis nana Beier, 1966 to full species rank as F. (T.) nana Beier, 1966 and provide an identification key to the members of the subgenus Feaella (Tetrafeaella), thereby facilitating the identification of species.

scholarly journals Leaps and bounds: geographical and ecological distance constrained the colonisation of the Afrotemperate by Erica

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Pirie ◽  
M. Kandziora ◽  
N.M. Nürk ◽  
N.C. Le Maitre ◽  
A. Mugrabi de Kuppler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Evolutionary Radiation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ecological Suitability ◽  
Ecological Distance ◽  
Source And Sink

AbstractThe coincidence of long distance dispersal and biome shift is assumed to be the result of a multifaceted interplay between geographical distance and ecological suitability of source and sink areas. Here, we test the influence of these factors on the dispersal history of the flowering plant genus Erica (Ericaceae) across the Afrotemperate. We quantify similarity of Erica climate niches per biogeographic area using direct observations of species, and test various colonisation scenarios while estimating ancestral areas for the Erica clade using parametric biogeographic model testing. We infer that the overall dispersal history of Erica across the Afrotemperate is the result of infrequent colonisation limited by geographic proximity and niche similarity. However, the Drakensberg Mountains represent a colonisation sink, rather than acting as a “stepping stone” between more distant and ecologically dissimilar Cape and Tropical African regions. Strikingly, the most dramatic examples of species radiations in Erica were the result of single unique dispersals over longer distances between ecologically dissimilar areas, contradicting the rule of phylogenetic biome conservatism. These results highlight the importance of rare biome shifts, in which a unique dispersal event fuels evolutionary radiation.

scholarly journals Whence Came These Plants Most Foul? Phylogenomics and Biogeography of Lowiaceae (Zingiberales)

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti A. Niissalo ◽  
Elliot M. Gardner ◽  
Gillian S. Khew ◽  
Otakar Šída ◽  
Axel Dalberg Poulsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family

Lowiaceae (order Zingiberales) is a small family of forest herbs in Southeast Asia. All species belong to the genus Orchidantha. They are known for possessing orchid-like flowers that are smelly, apparently mimicking dead animals, feces, or mushrooms. Little is known of the biogeographic patterns or character evolution of the family. We sampled the family extensively, including many recently discovered species, and reconstructed the phylogeny of the family using HybSeq with Lowiaceae-specific RNA baits. Our phylogenetic reconstructions confirm that the family is most closely related to Strelitziaceae, and that species with dark, foul-smelling flowers form a grade in which a clade of species with paler flowers are embedded. The pale-flowered species produce a distinct odor, resembling edible mushrooms. Apart from a single species, the species from Borneo form a clade, and the same is true for Indochinese species. The remaining species form a more widespread clade. A biogeographic analysis shows that the distribution of Lowiaceae can explained by vicariance and gradual dispersal from a shared ancestral range of Borneo and Indochina. There is no evidence of long-distance dispersal, only a later extension in distribution to Peninsular Malaysia which coincides with the presence of a land bridge. Different directions of spread are possible, but none require long-distance dispersal. The results are consistent with the geological history of Southeast Asia. In particular, the relatively early isolation between Indochina and Borneo could be explained by the presence of a sea barrier that developed 10–15 MYA, and the continuous movement of plant species between Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia could be explained by a land bridge that existed until c. 5 MYA. The lack of an extensive land bridge with a suitable habitat may explain the absence of this genus from Sumatra and other Indonesian islands aside from Borneo. The strict reliance on a continuous habitat for the range expansion of Lowiaceae can be explained by their fruits and seeds, which lack obvious adaptations for long-distance dispersal. The inability to disperse to new areas may also explain why the extant species have very restricted distributions.

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