scholarly journals Analysis of multiple chromosomal rearrangements in the genome of Willisornis vidua using BAC-FISH and chromosome painting on a supposed conserved karyotype

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Talita Fernanda Augusto Ribas ◽  
Julio Cesar Pieczarka ◽  
Darren K. Griffin ◽  
Lucas G. Kiazim ◽  
Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic ◽  
Burhinus Oedicnemus ◽  
Intrachromosomal Rearrangements

Abstract Background Thamnophilidae birds are the result of a monophyletic radiation of insectivorous Passeriformes. They are a diverse group of 225 species and 45 genera and occur in lowlands and lower montane forests of Neotropics. Despite the large degree of diversity seen in this family, just four species of Thamnophilidae have been karyotyped with a diploid number ranging from 76 to 82 chromosomes. The karyotypic relationships within and between Thamnophilidae and another Passeriformes therefore remain poorly understood. Recent studies have identified the occurrence of intrachromosomal rearrangements in Passeriformes using in silico data and molecular cytogenetic tools. These results demonstrate that intrachromosomal rearrangements are more common in birds than previously thought and are likely to contribute to speciation events. With this in mind, we investigate the apparently conserved karyotype of Willisornis vidua, the Xingu Scale-backed Antbird, using a combination of molecular cytogenetic techniques including chromosome painting with probes derived from Gallus gallus (chicken) and Burhinus oedicnemus (stone curlew), combined with Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) probes derived from the same species. The goal was to investigate the occurrence of rearrangements in an apparently conserved karyotype in order to understand the evolutionary history and taxonomy of this species. In total, 78 BAC probes from the Gallus gallus and Taeniopygia guttata (the Zebra Finch) BAC libraries were tested, of which 40 were derived from Gallus gallus macrochromosomes 1–8, and 38 from microchromosomes 9–28. Results The karyotype is similar to typical Passeriformes karyotypes, with a diploid number of 2n = 80. Our chromosome painting results show that most of the Gallus gallus chromosomes are conserved, except GGA-1, 2 and 4, with some rearrangements identified among macro- and microchromosomes. BAC mapping revealed many intrachromosomal rearrangements, mainly inversions, when comparing Willisornis vidua karyotype with Gallus gallus, and corroborates the fissions revealed by chromosome painting. Conclusions Willisornis vidua presents multiple chromosomal rearrangements despite having a supposed conservative karyotype, demonstrating that our approach using a combination of FISH tools provides a higher resolution than previously obtained by chromosome painting alone. We also show that populations of Willisornis vidua appear conserved from a cytogenetic perspective, despite significant phylogeographic structure.

Chromosome Painting in Vanellus chilensis: Detection of a Fusion Common to Clade Charadrii (Charadriiformes)

2015 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Kretschmer ◽  
Ricardo J. Gunski ◽  
Analía del Valle Garnero ◽  
Patricia C.M. O'Brien ◽  
Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Genomic Organization ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetics ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Ancestral Karyotype ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Burhinus Oedicnemus

The Southern lapwing (Vanellus chilensis) is endemic to America and is well-known because of the vast expansion of its geographical distribution and its involvement in air accidents. Despite its popularity, there is no information concerning the genomic organization and karyotype of this species. Hence, because other species of the genus Vanellus have variable diploid numbers from 2n = 58 to 76, the aim of this report was to analyze the karyotype of V. chilensis by means of classical and molecular cytogenetics. We found that 2n = 78 and chromosome painting using probes of Gallus gallus (GGA) and Leucopternis albicollis revealed an organization similar to the avian putative ancestral karyotype, except for the fusion of GGA7 and GGA8, also found in Burhinus oedicnemus, the only Charadriiforme species analyzed by FISH so far. This rearrangement may represent a cytogenetic signature for this group and, in addition, must be responsible for the difference between the diploid number found in the avian putative ancestral karyotype (2n = 80) and V. chilensis (2n = 78).

scholarly journals Chromosomal painting of the sandpiper (Actitis macularius) detects several fissions for the Scolopacidae family (Charadriiformes)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melquizedec Luiz Silva Pinheiro ◽  
Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi ◽  
Talita Fernanda Augusto Ribas ◽  
Cristovam Guerreiro Diniz ◽  
Patricia Caroline Mary O´Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Chromosomal Painting ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Burhinus Oedicnemus ◽  
Clear Idea ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background The Scolopacidae family (Suborder Scolopaci, Charadriiformes) is composed of sandpipers and snipes; these birds are long-distance migrants that show great diversity in their behavior and habitat use. Cytogenetic studies in the Scolopacidae family show the highest diploid numbers for order Charadriiformes. This work analyzes for the first time the karyotype of Actitis macularius by classic cytogenetics and chromosome painting. Results The species has a diploid number of 92, composed mostly of telocentric pairs. This high 2n is greater than the proposed 80 for the avian ancestral putative karyotype (a common feature among Scolopaci), suggesting that fission rearrangements have formed smaller macrochromosomes and microchromosomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using Burhinus oedicnemus whole chromosome probes confirmed the fissions in pairs 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 of macrochromosomes. Conclusion Comparative analysis with other species of Charadriiformes studied by chromosome painting together with the molecular phylogenies for the order allowed us to raise hypotheses about the chromosomal evolution in suborder Scolopaci. From this, we can establish a clear idea of how chromosomal evolution occurred in this suborder.

scholarly journals Chromosomal painting of the sandpiper (Actitis macularius) detects several fissions for the Scolopacidae family (Charadriiformes)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melquizedec Luiz Silva Pinheiro ◽  
Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi ◽  
Talita Fernanda Augusto Ribas ◽  
Cristovam Guerreiro Diniz ◽  
Patricia Caroline Mary O´Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Chromosomal Painting ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Burhinus Oedicnemus ◽  
Clear Idea ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background: The Scolopacidae family (Suborder Scolopaci, Charadriiformes) is composed of sandpipers and snipes; these birds are long-distance migrants that show great diversity in their behavior and habitat use. Cytogenetic studies in the Scolopacidae family show the highest diploid numbers for order Charadriiformes. This work analyzes for the first time the karyotype of Actitis macularius by classic cytogenetics and chromosome painting. Results: The species has a diploid number of 92, composed mostly of telocentric pairs. This high 2n is greater than the proposed 80 for the avian ancestral putative karyotype, suggesting that fission rearrangements have formed smaller macrochromosomes and microchromosomes. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization using Burhinus oedicnemus whole chromosome probes confirmed these fissions in all pairs of macrochromosomes. Conclusion: Comparative analysis with other species of Charadriiformes studied by chromosome painting together with the molecular phylogenies for the order allowed us to raise hypotheses about the chromosomal evolution in suborder Scolopaci. From this, we can establish a clear idea of ​​how chromosomal evolution occurred in this suborder.

scholarly journals Comparative Chromosome Mapping of Musk Ox and the X Chromosome among Some Bovidae Species

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Proskuryakova ◽  
Kulemzina ◽  
Perelman ◽  
Yudkin ◽  
Lemskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Chromosome Mapping ◽  
Ovibos Moschatus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Musk Ox ◽  
Relic Species

: Bovidae, the largest family in Pecora infraorder, are characterized by a striking variability in diploid number of chromosomes between species and among individuals within a species. The bovid X chromosome is also remarkably variable, with several morphological types in the family. Here we built a detailed chromosome map of musk ox (Ovibos moschatus), a relic species originating from Pleistocene megafauna, with dromedary and human probes using chromosome painting. We trace chromosomal rearrangements during Bovidae evolution by comparing species already studied by chromosome painting. The musk ox karyotype differs from the ancestral pecoran karyotype by six fusions, one fission, and three inversions. We discuss changes in pecoran ancestral karyotype in the light of new painting data. Variations in the X chromosome structure of four bovid species nilgai bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus), saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis), gaur (Bos gaurus), and Kirk’s Dikdik (Madoqua kirkii) were further analyzed using 26 cattle BAC-clones. We found the duplication on the X in saola. We show main rearrangements leading to the formation of four types of bovid X: Bovinae type with derived cattle subtype formed by centromere reposition and Antilopinae type with Caprini subtype formed by inversion in XSB3.

scholarly journals Comparative chromosome painting in Spizaetus tyrannus and Gallus gallus with the use of macro- and microchromosome probes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259905
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Carvalho ◽  
Ivanete O. Furo ◽  
Patricia C. M. O’Brien ◽  
Jorge Pereira ◽  
Rebeca E. O’Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evolution Process ◽  
Hybridization Pattern ◽  
Comparative Chromosome Painting ◽  
Additional Information

Although most birds show karyotypes with diploid number (2n) around 80, with few macrochromosomes and many microchromosomes pairs, some groups, such as the Accipitriformes, are characterized by a large karyotypic reorganization, which resulted in complements with low diploid numbers, and a smaller number of microchromosomal pairs when compared to other birds. Among Accipitriformes, the Accipitridae family is the most diverse and includes, among other subfamilies, the subfamily Aquilinae, composed of medium to large sized species. The Black-Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus tyrannus-STY), found in South America, is a member of this subfamily. Available chromosome data for this species includes only conventional staining. Hence, in order to provide additional information on karyotype evolution process within this group, we performed comparative chromosome painting between S. tyrannus and Gallus gallus (GGA). Our results revealed that at least 29 fission-fusion events occurred in the STY karyotype, based on homology with GGA. Fissions occurred mainly in syntenic groups homologous to GGA1-GGA5. On the other hand, the majority of the microchromosomes were found fused to other chromosomal elements in STY, indicating these rearrangements played an important role in the reduction of the 2n to 68. Comparison with hybridization pattern of the Japanese-Mountain-Eagle (Nisaetus nipalensis orientalis), the only Aquilinae analyzed by comparative chromosome painting previously, did not reveal any synapomorphy that could represent a chromosome signature to this subfamily. Therefore, conclusions about karyotype evolution in Aquilinae require additional painting studies.

Comparative Chromosome Painting in Two Brazilian Stork Species with Different Diploid Numbers

2019 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Igor C.A. Seligmann ◽  
Ivanete O. Furo ◽  
Michelly S. dos Santos ◽  
Marcella M. Tagliarini ◽  
Cristiane C.D. Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
South America ◽  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Diploid Chromosome Number ◽  
Ancestral Karyotype ◽  
Comparative Chromosome Painting ◽  
The Family

Despite the variation observed in the diploid chromosome number of storks (Ciconiiformes, Ciconiidae), from 2n = 52 to 2n = 78, most reports have relied solely on analyses by conventional staining. As most species have similar macrochromosomes, some authors propose that karyotype evolution involves mainly fusions between microchromosomes, which are highly variable in species with different diploid numbers. In order to verify this hypothesis, in this study, the karyotypes of 2 species of storks from South America with different diploid numbers, the jabiru (Jabiru mycteria, 2n = 56) and the maguary stork (Ciconia maguary, 2n = 72), were analyzed by chromosome painting using whole chromosome probes from the macrochromosomes of Gallus gallus (GGA) and Leucopternis albicollis (LAL). The results revealed that J. mycteria and C. maguary share synteny within chromosome pairs 1-9 and Z. The syntenies to the macrochromosomes of G. gallus are conserved, except for GGA4, which is homologous to 2 different pairs, as in most species of birds. A fusion of GGA8 and GGA9 was observed in both species. Additionally, chromosomes corresponding to GGA4p and GGA6 are fused to other segments that did not hybridize to any of the macrochromosome probes used, suggesting that these segments correspond to microchromosomes. Hence, our data corroborate the proposed hypothesis that karyotype evolution is based on fusions involving microchromosomes. In view of the morphological constancy of the macrochromosome pairs in most Ciconiidae, we propose a putative ancestral karyotype for the family, including the GGA8/GGA9 fusion, and a diploid number of 2n = 78. The use of probes for microchromosome pairs should be the next step in identifying other synapomorphies that may help to clarify the phylogeny of this family.

scholarly journals Molecular and cytogenetic analyses of cryptic species within the Synbranchus marmoratus Bloch, 1795 (Synbranchiformes: Synbranchidae) grouping: species delimitations, karyotypic evolution and intraspecific diversification

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Utsunomia ◽  
José C. Pansonato-Alves ◽  
Guilherme J. Costa-Silva ◽  
Fernando F. Mendonça ◽  
Priscilla C. Scacchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic ◽  
Karyotypic Variability ◽  
Karyotype Structure ◽  
Cytogenetic Analyses ◽  
Nucleotide Divergence

The fish species Synbranchus marmoratushas been reported to exist as a species complex due to high intraspecific karyotypic variability in spite of the difficulty or impossibility to distinguish them using morphological traits alone. The goal of this work was to use cytogenetic and molecular methods to determine the species delimitations and understand the karyoevolution ofS. marmoratususing samples collected from distinct Brazilian localities. Among the analyzed specimens, a large degree of cytogenetic variation related to diploid numbers and karyotype structure was observed, with karyotypes showing 2n=42, 44 and 46 chromosomes. In addition, using sequences of three mitochondrial genes, the phylogenetic relationships between every sample with a known karyotype were determined, which revealed significant nucleotide divergence among the karyomorphs. Also, the analyses indicate that chromosomal rearrangements occurred independently within the distinct lineages of S. marmoratuscomplex, which resulted in the appearance of distinct karyotypic variants in a non-linear fashion related to diploid numbers and in the appearance of similar non-homologous chromosomes. Finally, the integration of both molecular cytogenetic and phylogenetic approaches allowed the determination of specific chromosomes possibly involved in rearrangements and a better understanding about the evolutionary processes involved in the differentiation ofSynbranchusgenus.

scholarly journals Chromosomal painting of the sandpiper (Actitis macularius) detects several fissions for the Scolopacidae family (Charadriiformes)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melquizedec Luiz Silva Pinheiro ◽  
Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi ◽  
Talita Fernanda Augusto Ribas ◽  
Cristovam Guerreiro Diniz ◽  
Patricia Caroline Mary O´Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Chromosomal Painting ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Burhinus Oedicnemus ◽  
Clear Idea ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background: The Scolopacidae family (Suborder Scolopaci, Charadriiformes) is composed of sandpipers and snipes; these birds are long-distance migrants that show great diversity in their behavior and habitat use. Cytogenetic studies in the Scolopacidae family show the highest diploid numbers for order Charadriiformes. This work analyzes for the first time the karyotype of Actitis macularius by classic cytogenetics and chromosome painting. Results: The species has a diploid number of 92, composed mostly of telocentric pairs. This high 2n is greater than the proposed 80 for the avian ancestral putative karyotype (a common feature among Scolopaci), suggesting that fission rearrangements have formed smaller macrochromosomes and microchromosomes. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization using Burhinus oedicnemus whole chromosome probes confirmed the fissions in pairs 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 of macrochromosomes. Conclusion: Comparative analysis with other species of Charadriiformes studied by chromosome painting together with the molecular phylogenies for the order allowed us to raise hypotheses about the chromosomal evolution in suborder Scolopaci. From this, we can establish a clear idea of ​​how chromosomal evolution occurred in this suborder.

scholarly journals Chromosome Painting in Neotropical Long- and Short-Tailed Parrots (Aves, Psittaciformes): Phylogeny and Proposal for a Putative Ancestral Karyotype for Tribe Arini

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivanete de Oliveira Furo ◽  
Rafael Kretschmer ◽  
Patrícia C. M. O’Brien ◽  
Jorge C. Pereira ◽  
Analía del Valle Garnero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Paracentric Inversion ◽  
Ancestral Karyotype ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Intrachromosomal Rearrangements

: Most Neotropical Psittacidae have a diploid number of 2n = 70, and a dichotomy in chromosome patterns. Long-tailed species have biarmed macrochromosomes, while short-tailed species have telo/acrocentric macrochromosomes. However, the use of chromosome painting has demonstrated that karyotype evolution in Psittacidae includes a high number of inter/intrachromosomal rearrangements. To determine the phylogeny of long- and short-tailed species, and to propose a putative ancestral karyotype for this group, we constructed homology maps of Pyrrhura frontalis (PFR) and Amazona aestiva (AAE), belonging to the long- and short-tailed groups, respectively. Chromosomes were analyzed by conventional staining and fluorescent in situ hybridization using whole chromosome paints of Gallus gallus and Leucopternis albicollis. Conventional staining showed a karyotype with 2n = 70 in both species, with biarmed macrochromosomes in PFR and telo/acrocentric chromosomes in AAE. Comparison of the results with the putative avian ancestral karyotype (PAK) showed fusions in PFR of PAK1p/PAK4q (PFR1) and PAK6/PAK7 (PFR6) with a paracentric inversion in PFR6. However, in AAE, there was only the fusion between PAK6/7 (AAE7) with a paracentric inversion. Our results indicate that PFR retained a more basal karyotype than long-tailed species previously studied, and AAE a more basal karyotype for Neotropical Psittacidae analyzed so far.

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