scholarly journals The hAT-family transposable element, hopper, from Bactrocera dorsalis is a functional vector for insect germline transformation

BMC Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred M. Handler ◽  
Marc F. Schetelig
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Element ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Helper Plasmid ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Germline Transformation ◽  
Functional Genomic Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dipteran Species

Abstract Background The hopper hAT-family transposable element isolated from the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, is distantly related to both the Drosophila hobo element and the Activator element from maize. The original 3120 bp hopperBd-Kah element isolated from the Kahuku wild-type strain was highly degenerate and appeared to have a mutated transposase and terminal sequences, while a second 3131 bp element, hopperBd-we, isolated from a white eye mutant strain had an intact transposase reading frame and terminal sequences consistent with function. Results The hopperBd-we element was tested for function by its ability to mediate germline transformation in two dipteran species other than B. dorsalis. This was achieved by creating a binary vector/helper transformation system by linking the hopperBd-we transposase reading frame to a D. melanogaster hsp70 promoter for a heat-inducible transposase helper plasmid, and creating vectors marked with the D. melanogaster mini-white+ or polyubiquitin-regulated DsRed fluorescent protein markers. Conclusions Both vectors were successfully used to transform D. melanogaster, and the DsRed vector was also used to transform the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa, indicating a wide range of hopper function in dipteran species and, potentially, non-dipteran species. This vector provides a new tool for insect genetic modification for both functional genomic analysis and the control of insect populations.

scholarly journals Detection and characterization of bacterial endosymbionts in Southeast Asian tephritid fruit fly populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias D. Asimakis ◽  
Vangelis Doudoumis ◽  
Ashok B. Hadapad ◽  
Ramesh S. Hire ◽  
Costas Batargias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Tephritid Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group A ◽  
Common Group

Abstract Background Various endosymbiotic bacteria, including Wolbachia of the Alphaproteobacteria, infect a wide range of insects and are capable of inducing reproductive abnormalities to their hosts such as cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), parthenogenesis, feminization and male-killing. These extended phenotypes can be potentially exploited in enhancing environmentally friendly methods, such as the sterile insect technique (SIT), for controlling natural populations of agricultural pests. The goal of the present study is to investigate the presence of Wolbachia, Spiroplasma,Arsenophonus and Cardinium among Bactrocera,Dacus and Zeugodacus flies of Southeast Asian populations, and to genotype any detected Wolbachia strains. Results A specific 16S rRNA PCR assay was used to investigate the presence of reproductive parasites in natural populations of nine different tephritid species originating from three Asian countries, Bangladesh, China and India. Wolbachia infections were identified in Bactrocera dorsalis, B. correcta, B. scutellaris andB. zonata, with 12.2–42.9% occurrence, Entomoplasmatales in B. dorsalis, B. correcta, B. scutellaris, B. zonata,Zeugodacus cucurbitae and Z. tau (0.8–14.3%) and Cardinium in B. dorsalis andZ. tau (0.9–5.8%), while none of the species tested, harbored infections with Arsenophonus. Infected populations showed a medium (between 10 and 90%) or low (< 10%) prevalence, ranging from 3 to 80% for Wolbachia, 2 to 33% for Entomoplasmatales and 5 to 45% for Cardinium. Wolbachia and Entomoplasmatales infections were found both in tropical and subtropical populations, the former mostly in India and the latter in various regions of India and Bangladesh. Cardinium infections were identified in both countries but only in subtropical populations. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence ofWolbachia with some strains belonging either to supergroup B or supergroup A. Sequence analysis revealed deletions of variable length and nucleotide variation in three Wolbachia genes. Spiroplasma strains were characterized as citri–chrysopicola–mirum and ixodetis strains while the remaining Entomoplasmatales to the Mycoides–Entomoplasmataceae clade.Cardinium strains were characterized as group A, similar to strains infecting Encarsia pergandiella. Conclusions Our results indicated that in the Southeast natural populations examined, supergroup A Wolbachia strain infections were the most common, followed by Entomoplasmatales and Cardinium. In terms of diversity, most strains of each bacterial genus detected clustered in a common group. Interestingly, the deletions detected in three Wolbachia genes were either new or similar to those of previously identified pseudogenes that were integrated in the host genome indicating putative horizontal gene transfer events in B. dorsalis, B. correcta and B. zonata.

The influence of antibiotics on gut bacteria diversity associated with laboratory-reared Bactrocera dorsalis

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Bai ◽  
L. Liu ◽  
M.S. Noman ◽  
L. Zeng ◽  
M. Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Oriental Fruit Fly ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Bacteria Diversity ◽  
Host Fruit ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Uncultivable Bacteria

AbstractThe oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is a destructive insect pest of a wide range of fruit crops. Commensal bacteria play a very important part in the development, reproduction, and fitness of their host fruit fly. Uncovering the function of gut bacteria has become a worldwide quest. Using antibiotics to remove gut bacteria is a common method to investigate gut bacteria function. In the present study, three types of antibiotics (tetracycline, ampicillin, and streptomycin), each with four different concentrations, were used to test their effect on the gut bacteria diversity of laboratory-reared B. dorsalis. Combined antibiotics can change bacteria diversity, including cultivable and uncultivable bacteria, for both male and female adult flies. Secondary bacteria became the dominant population in female and male adult flies with the decrease in normally predominant bacteria. However, in larvae, only the predominant bacteria decreased, the bacteria diversity did not change a lot, likely because of the short acting time of the antibiotics. The bacteria diversity did not differ among fruit fly treatments with antibiotics of different concentrations. This study showed the dynamic changes of gut bacterial diversity in antibiotics-treated flies, and provides a foundation for research on the function of gut bacteria of the oriental fruit fly.

Functional analysis of a NF-κB transcription factor in the immune defense of Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Shi ◽  
H. Liang ◽  
Y. Hou
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Reading Frame

AbstractAlthough some novel antimicrobial peptides (AMP) have been successfully isolated from Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, the mechanisms underlying the induction of these peptides are still elusive. The homolog of NF-κB transcription factor Relish, designated as BdRelish, was cloned from B. dorsalis. The full length cDNA of BdRelish is 3954 bp with an open reading frame that encodes 1013 amino acids. Similar to Drosophila Relish and the mammalian p100, it is a compound protein containing a conserved Rel homology domain, an IPT (Ig-like, plexins, transcription factors) domain and an IκB-like domain (four ankyrin repeats), the nuclear localization signal RKRRR is also detected at the residues 449–453, suggesting that it has homology to Relish and it is a member of the Rel family of transcription activator proteins. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis reveals that BdRelish mRNAs are detected in different quantities from various tissues and the highest transcription level of BdRelish is determined in fat body. The injection challenge of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureas significantly upregulated the expression of BdRelish. The injection of BdRelish dsRNA markedly reduced the expression of BdRelish and decreased the transcription magnitude of antimicrobial peptides. Individuals injected BdRelish dsRNA died at a significantly faster rate compared with the control groups. Therefore, BdRelish is vital for the transcription of AMPs to attack the invading bacteria.

Bactrocera dorsalis. [Distribution map].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Mariana Islands ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Ogasawara Islands ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Diptera: Tephritidae (Oriental fruit fly). Attacks a very wide range of fleshy fruits and vegetables. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, China, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hong Kong, India, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Japan, Ryukyu Islands, Kampuchea, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Ogasawara Islands, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Pacifica Islands, Hawaii, Mariana Islands, North America, USA, California.

Bacterial communities associated with invasive populations of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 718-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Liu ◽  
I. Martinez-Sañudo ◽  
L. Mazzon ◽  
C.S. Prabhakar ◽  
V. Girolami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractThe oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is a destructive insect pest of a wide range of fruits and vegetables. This pest is an invasive species and is currently distributed in some provinces of China. To recover the symbiotic bacteria of B. dorsalis from different invasion regions in China, we researched the bacterial diversity of this fruit fly among one laboratory colony (Guangdong, China) and 15 wild populations (14 sites in China and one site in Thailand) using DNA-based approaches. The construction of 16S rRNA gene libraries allowed the identification of 24 operational taxonomic units of associated bacteria at the 3% distance level, and these were affiliated with 3 phyla, 5 families, and 13 genera. The higher bacterial diversity was recovered in wild populations compared with the laboratory colony and in samples from early term invasion regions compared with samples from late term invasion regions. Moreover, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Providencia sp. were two of the most frequently recovered bacteria, present in flies collected from three different regions in China where B. dorsalis is invasive. This study for the first time provides a systemic investigation of the symbiotic bacteria of B. dorsalis from different invasion regions in China.

scholarly journals PCR detection of excision suggests mobility of the medaka fish Tol1 transposable element in the frog Xenopus laevis

2007 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKIRA HIKOSAKA ◽  
AKIHIKO KOGA
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Medaka Fish ◽  
Helper Plasmid ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tailbud Stage ◽  
Clawed Frog

SummaryTol1 is a DNA-based transposable element identified in the medaka fish Oryzias latipes and a member of the hAT (hobo/Activator/Tam3) transposable element family. Its mobility has already been demonstrated in the human and mouse, in addition to its original host species. This element is thus expected to be useful in a wide range of vertebrates as a genomic manipulation tool. Herein, we show that the Tol1 element can undergo excision in the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis, a major model organism for vertebrate genetics and developmental biology. An indicator plasmid carrying a Tol1 element was injected into 2- or 4-cell-stage embryos together with either a helper plasmid coding for the full-length Tol1 transposase or a modified helper plasmid yielding a truncated protein, and recovered from tailbud-stage embryos. Deletion of the Tol1 region of the indicator plasmid was observed in the experiment with the full-length transposase, and not in the other case. The deletion was associated with various footprint sequences at breakpoints, as frequently observed with many DNA-based transposable elements. These results indicate that the Tol1 element was excised from the indicator plasmid by catalysis of the transposase, and suggest that the Tol1 element is mobile in this frog species.

scholarly journals Germline Transformation of Drosophila virilis Mediated by the Transposable Element hobo

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
Elena R Lozovskaya ◽  
Dmitry I Nurminsky ◽  
Daniel L Hartl ◽  
David T Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Drosophila Virilis ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Helper Plasmid ◽  
Widespread Distribution ◽  
Coding Sequence ◽  
Germline Transformation

A laboratory strain of Drosophila virilis was genetically transformed with a hobo vector carrying the miniwhite cassette using a helper plasmid with an hsp70-driven hobo transposase-coding sequence. The rate of transformation was 0.5% per fertile G0 animal. Three transgenic insertions were cloned and characterized and found to be authentic hobo insertions. These results, together with the known widespread distribution of hobo in diverse insect species, suggest that hobo and related transposable elements may be of considerable utility in the germline transformation of insects other than D. melanogaster.

Toxicity measurement of spinosad and phloxine B on oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-549
Author(s):  
Ying-gang DU ◽  
Hai-bo XIA ◽  
Jia-hua CHEN ◽  
Qing-e JI
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Oriental Fruit Fly

scholarly journals Adoption and Dis-Adoption of Sustainable Agriculture: A Case of Farmers’ Innovations and Integrated Fruit Fly Management in Kenya

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Charity M. Wangithi ◽  
Beatrice W. Muriithi ◽  
Raphael Belmin
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Indigenous Methods

The invasive fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis poses a major threat to the production and trade of mango in sub-Saharan Africa. Farmers devise different innovations to manage the pest in an attempt to minimize yield loss and production costs while maximizing revenues. Using survey data obtained from Embu County, Kenya, we analyzed farmers’ knowledge and perception as regards the invasive fruit fly, their innovations for the management of the pest, and the determinants of their adoption and dis-adoption decisions of recently developed and promoted integrated pest management (IPM) technologies for suppression of the pest. The results show that farmers consider fruit flies as a major threat to mango production (99%) and primarily depend on pesticides (90%) for the management of the pest. Some farmers (35%) however use indigenous methods to manage the pest. Though farmers possess good knowledge of different IPM strategies, uptake is relatively low. The regression estimates show that continued use of IPM is positively associated with the gender and education of the household head, size of a mango orchard, knowledge on mango pests, training, contact with an extension officer, and use of at least one non-pesticide practice for fruit fly management, while IPM dis-adoption was negatively correlated with the size of the mango orchard, practice score and use of indigenous innovations for fruit fly management. We recommend enhancing farmer′s knowledge through increased access to training programs and extension services for enhanced adoption of sustainable management practices for B. dorsalis.

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