An across-breed validation study of 46 genetic markers in canine hip dysplasia

Abstract Background Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is a common disease, with a complex genetic background. Dogs with severe CHD sometimes also suffer from osteoarthritis (OA), an inflammatory, often painful and incurable condition. Previous studies have reported breed-specific genetic loci associated with different hip dysplasia and OA phenotypes. However, the independent replication of the known associations within or across breeds has been difficult due to variable phenotype measures, inadequate sample sizes and the existence of population specific variants. Results We execute a validation study of 46 genetic markers in a cohort of nearly 1600 dogs from ten different breeds. We categorize the dogs into cases and controls according to the hip scoring system defined by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI). We validate 21 different loci associated on fourteen chromosomes. Twenty of these associated with CHD in specific breeds, whereas one locus is unique to the across-breed study. We show that genes involved in the neddylation pathway are enriched among the genes in the validated loci. Neddylation contributes to many cellular functions including inflammation. Conclusions Our study successfully replicates many loci and highlights the complex genetic architecture of CHD. Further characterisation of the associated loci could reveal CHD-relevant genes and pathways for improved understanding of the disease pathogenesis.

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Genetic markers of canine hip dysplasia

Medycyna Weterynaryjna ◽

10.21521/mw.6069 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 6069-2018

Author(s):

PAULINA KRZEMIŃSKA ◽

MACIEJ GOGULSKI ◽

ROMAN ALEKSIEWICZ ◽

MAREK ŚWITOŃSKI

Keyword(s):

Genetic Markers ◽

Genetic Variants ◽

Hip Dysplasia ◽

Skeletal Development ◽

Molecular Testing ◽

Gene Pools ◽

German Shepherd ◽

Skeletal Malformation ◽

Early Risk ◽

Canine Hip Dysplasia

Canine hip dysplasia is a complex skeletal malformation caused by genetic and environmental factors. The prevalence of hip dysplasia in different canine breeds ranges widely, from 1% (for Whippet and Borzoi) to over 70% (for Bulldog and Pug). These differences indicate the presence of genetic variants predisposing to or preventing this disorder in gene pools of particular breeds. The importance of genetic factors is also confirmed by a high coefficient of heritability (h2) of canine hip dysplasia, which for most breeds oscillates around 0.5 – 0.6. Application of modern genomic methods, that is, mainly genome scanning (based previously on microsatellite markers and currently on SNP microarrays) has led in recent years to the identification of potential genetic markers associated with this disorder. Such studies were carried out mostly in two breeds: Labrador retriever and German shepherd. Some of the markers were found in the vicinity of genes involved in skeletal development. Following these achievements, the use of some markers has been suggested for early risk diagnosis of hip dysplasia. This shows that molecular testing is becoming important for not only monogenic, but also polygenic canine diseases and disorders. Identification of genetic markers associated with predisposition to hip dysplasia offers an opportunity for an early risk evaluation of this disorder (prior to its first signs). Moreover, it facilitates effective breeding selection aimed at eradicating undesirable genetic variants from the gene pool of a given breed..

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Analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) for identifying genetic markers associated with canine hip dysplasia

Journal of Heredity ◽

10.1093/jhered/90.1.99 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 90 (1) ◽

pp. 99-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

X. Wang

Keyword(s):

Genetic Markers ◽

Hip Dysplasia ◽

Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Canine Hip Dysplasia

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Interobserver Variation in Canine Hip Dysplasia Evaluation

Folia Veterinaria ◽

10.1515/fv-2016-0015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 29-33

Author(s):

V. Ledecky ◽

M. Hluchy ◽

T. Liptak ◽

M. Kuricova

Keyword(s):

Hip Dysplasia ◽

Interobserver Agreement ◽

International System ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Evaluation Process ◽

Radiographic Evaluation ◽

Common Disease ◽

Early Management ◽

Common System ◽

Canine Hip Dysplasia

Abstract Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is a common disease representing an important problem for many dog breeds worldwide. The screening for CHD and breeding programs have been ongoing for many decades but the incidence of disease have failed to be reduced to the expected level. The early diagnosis of CHD is paramount in order to facilitate the early management strategies and to prevent the breeding of the affected individuals. Generally in this area, the emphasis is placed on the radiographic evaluation process, however this is partly a subjective process suggested to be influenced by the experience of the observers. This study was designed to evaluate the interobserver agreement in CHD evaluation based on the Federation Cynologique International system (FCI system). Ten original radiographs were sent to five different groups of observers, from students to certified veterinarians. They were asked to evaluate the ventro-dorsal radiographs according to the FCI system which is the most common system used in Europe to give the final grades (A, B, C, D, E). The grades were converted to numbers and the data were analysed using a one-way ANOVA test. The results showed that only in 20% of the cases, the interobserver agreement was statistically higher in the group of the most experienced observers when compared to the less experienced group of observers. This means that the level of experience does not always lead to a higher agreement. This could be a problem of widespread objective evaluations of CHD. In addition, there are several different systems of evaluation used in various countries. It is necessary to understand the intention of dog owners, who when buying a dog may be planning its first breeding. Therefore, the “correct” or “incorrect” assessment of the CHD radiographs may not always result in the elimination of affected individuals. We do not know exactly the situation of the development of the hip in some breeds, because scrutineers are receiving only “negative radiographs” for evaluation. Many owners are very educated about hip and elbow dysplasia. It is a time to tell the scientific truth.

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Evaluation of Sacroiliac Wedge Rotation to Increase Acetabular Ventroversion

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1632486 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 12 (04) ◽

pp. 173-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. L. Aper ◽

M. D. Brown ◽

M. G. Conzemius

Keyword(s):

Hip Joint ◽

Hip Dysplasia ◽

Clinical Effect ◽

Pelvic Osteotomy ◽

Alternative Method ◽

Angular Measurements ◽

Si Joint ◽

In Vivo Effects ◽

Canine Hip Dysplasia

SummaryTreatment of canine hip dysplasia (CHD) via triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) is widely accepted as the treatment that best preserves the existing hip joint. TPO, however, has several important disadvantages. In an effort to avoid some of the difficulties associated with TPO an alternative method of creating acetabular ventroversion (AW) was sought. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of placement of a wedge in the sacroiliac (SI) joint on A W and to compare this to the effect of TPO on A W . On one hemipelvis a 30° pelvic osteotomy plate was used for TPO. The contralateral hemipelvis had a 28° SI wedge inserted into the SI joint. Pre- and postsurgical radiographs of each pelvis were taken and the angular measurements were recorded. On average, the 28° SI wedge resulted in 20.9° of A W, the 30° canine pelvic osteotomy plate resulted in 24.9° A W . Significant differences were not found (p >0.05) between the two techniques. Sacroiliac wedge rotation effectively creates A W and has several theoretical advantages when compared to TPO. The in vivo effects of sacroiliac wedge rotation should be studied in order to evaluate the clinical effect of the technique.Sacroiliac wedge rotation was tested as an alternative method to increase the angle of acetabular ventroversion. This technique effectively rotated the acetabulum and has several theoretical advantages when compared to triple pelvic osteotomy.

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Canine Hip Dysplasia in Sweden

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.3109/05678067209174013 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 175-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bengt Henricson ◽

Gunnela Ljunggren ◽

Sten-Erik Olsson

Keyword(s):

Hip Dysplasia ◽

Canine Hip Dysplasia

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The PennHIP method of predicting canine hip dysplasia

In Practice ◽

10.1136/inp.f7486 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 66-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mike Guilliard

Keyword(s):

Hip Dysplasia ◽

Canine Hip Dysplasia

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Unlocking the genetic make-up of canine hip dysplasia: We can work it out

The Veterinary Journal ◽

10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.02.007 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 181 (2) ◽

pp. 77-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hannes Lohi ◽

Frank W. Nicholas

Keyword(s):

Hip Dysplasia ◽

Canine Hip Dysplasia

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Volume of the ligamentum capitis femoris in osteoarthritic hip joints of adult dogs

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association ◽

10.4102/jsava.v74i1.489 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J.D. Mande ◽

P.M.F. Mbithi ◽

S.W. Mbugua ◽

I.B.J. Buoro ◽

P.K. Gathumbi

Keyword(s):

General Anaesthesia ◽

Crucial Role ◽

Hip Dysplasia ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Water Displacement ◽

Hip Joints ◽

Ligamentum Capitis Femoris ◽

The Mean ◽

Canine Hip Dysplasia

Ventrodorsal pelvic radiographs were made of 32 adult dogs under general anaesthesia. The hip joints were evaluated according to the severity of osteoarthritic changes graded as 0, 1, 2 or 3. The dogs were euthanased, the hip joints opened and the ligamentum capitis femoris dissected out in toto. The volume of each ligament was determined using a water displacement technique and the mean volume compared to the four radiographic grades of osteoarthritis. There was an inverse correlation (r = -0.75) between the mean volume of the ligamentum capitis femoris and the increasing severity of osteoarthritis as assessed by radiography. The results confirmed the crucial role of radiography in the clinical evaluation of hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis in the adult dog. Assessment of the volume of the ligamentum capitis femoris revealed that it is an important tool for research in canine hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis.

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