A Synthesis of Hepatitis C prevalence estimates in Sub-Saharan Africa: 2000–2013

Most HIV positive people have not been tested for viral hepatitis and their treatments have not been optimized for possible co-infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the serological pattern of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among antiretroviral (ARV)-naive and -experienced HIV co-infected adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 500 frozen HIV positive serum and plasma samples collected from ARV-naive (n = 250) and -experienced (n = 250) adults were randomly selected and screened for HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg and anti-HCV using rapid two-site sandwich immunochromatographic assay. The test was performed at Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University. Positive specimens for HBsAg and anti-HCV markers were further confirmed using third generation ELISA. Of the 500 specimens tested, 15 (3 %), 58 (11.6 %), 3 (0.6 %), 18 (3.6 %), 3 (0.6 %) and 1 (0.2 %) were positive for HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HCV, HBsAg and HBeAg, and HBsAg and anti-HBs markers, respectively. No specimen tested positive for both HBeAg and anti-HBs, and 442 (88.4 %) individuals were non-immune to HBV. Of the 250 ARV-naive individuals, 8 (3.2 %), 33 (13.2 %), 2 (0.8 %), 10 (4 %), 2 (0.8 %), and 1 (0.4 %) were positive for HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HCV, HBsAg and HBeAg, and HBsAg and anti-HBs markers, respectively. Of the 250 ARV-experienced individuals, 7 (2.8 %), 25 (10 %), 1 (0.4 %), 8 (3.2 %), 1 (0.4 %), and 0 (0 %) were positive for HBsAg, Anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HCV, HBsAg and HBeAg, and HBsAg and anti-HBs markers, respectively. In summary, seroprevalence of HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co-infections was lower in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, than in Sub-Saharan Africa and globally. HBV and HCV infections were not significantly different between HIV positive subjects who were or who were not on ARV. This suggests that the two groups have equal chance of being infected with these two viruses; despite this, disease progression could be different.

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Estimating HIV Prevalence and Incidence in Africa from Mortality Data

The B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy ◽

10.2202/1935-1682.2602 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Emily Oster

Keyword(s):

Population Based ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

Early Years ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Country Level ◽

Hiv Virus ◽

Current Prevalence ◽

Prevalence Estimates ◽

Sub Saharan

Abstract An estimated 33 million people are infected with the HIV virus, with 67% of them in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite this, knowledge about HIV prevalence in Africa is limited and imperfect. Although population-based testing in recent years has provided reliable information about current prevalence in the general population, we have little reliable data on prevalence in early years of the epidemic. This paper suggests a new methodology for estimating HIV prevalence and incidence using inference from mortality data. This methodology can be used to generate prevalence estimates from early in the epidemic. This information is valuable for understanding how the epidemic has evolved over time and is also likely to be helpful in analyses that explore how policy affects the epidemic or how HIV affects other country-level outcomes.

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Treatment of Hepatitis C Genotypes 1 to 5 in Sub-Saharan Africa Using Direct-Acting Antivirals

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.4269/ajtmh.20-0367 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 103 (5) ◽

pp. 2083-2084

Author(s):

Amir Sultan ◽

Abate Bane ◽

Grace Braimoh ◽

Jose D. Debes

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Direct Acting Antivirals ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Direct Acting

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Hepatitis C seroprevalence and HIV co-infection in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The Lancet Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/s1473-3099(15)00006-7 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 819-824 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

V Bhargavi Rao ◽

Nur Johari ◽

Philipp du Cros ◽

Janey Messina ◽

Nathan Ford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Sub Saharan

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Prevalence of curable STIs and bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

10.1136/sextrans-2021-055057 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. sextrans-2021-055057

Author(s):

Dorothy Chiwoniso Nyemba ◽

Eposi C Haddison ◽

Colin Wang ◽

Leigh Francis Johnson ◽

Landon Myer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Vaginosis ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Southern Africa ◽

Diagnostic Errors ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Eastern Africa ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Prevalence Estimates ◽

Sub Saharan

ObjectiveSTIs remain a global public health problem with a high burden among pregnant women. STIs in pregnant women may lead to various adverse pregnancy outcomes. In most sub-Saharan African countries, syndromic management is used for screening and treatment of STIs. We aimed to update and summarise pooled prevalence of curable STIs and bacterial vaginosis (BV) among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsElectronic databases and reference lists of relevant published and unpublished studies were searched from March 2015 to October 2020. Studies were included if they estimated prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Treponema pallidum (syphilis), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) and BV among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. Meta-analyses were performed with observed prevalences corrected for diagnostic errors to estimate the pooled prevalence of diagnosed infections by region.ResultsA total of 48 studies met the inclusion criteria, providing 85-point prevalence estimates for curable STIs and BV. Pooled prevalence estimates (with 95% CI and number of women tested) were as follows: MG: 13.5% (4.0–27.2, n=1076); CT: 10.8% (6.9–15.5, n=6700); TV: 13.8% (10.0–18.0, n=9264); NG: 3.3% (2.1–4.7, n=6019); syphilis: 2.9% (2.0–4.0, n=95 308) and BV: 36.6% (27.1–46.6, n=5042). By region, BV was the most prevalent and ranged from 28.5% (24.5–32.8, n=1030) in Eastern Africa to 52.4% (33.5–70.9, n=2305) in Southern Africa; NG had the lowest prevalence, ranging from 1.4% (95% CI 0.1 to 3.1, n=367) in Central Africa to 4.4% (95% CI 2.6 to 6.4, n=4042) in Southern Africa.ConclusionThe prevalence of curable STIs and BV in sub-Saharan Africa is substantial in pregnant women but most prevalent in Southern Africa where HIV prevalence is highest. It is crucial to integrate screening of curable STIs into antenatal care programmes that have previously focused on diagnosis and treatment of syphilis and HIV.

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