IDOSOS COM HIV/AIDS: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Introdução: O número de casos de HIV (Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana) e da Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (Aids) em idosos tem aumentado, boa parte em função do sexo sem proteção e da vida sexual ativa prolongada, por meio da reposição hormonal e das medicações para impotência sexual. Conhecer o que está sendo pesquisado sobre o assunto pode contribuir para uma assistência qualificada. Objetivo: Analisar as produções científicas publicadas sobre idosos com HIV/Aids. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática do tipo integrativa, que seguiu as etapas propostas por Ganong (1987). A pesquisa se deu na Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS), no mês de junho de 2018, utilizando os descritores em ciências da saúde “síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida” e “idosos”, bem como os seus sinônimos. Resultados: Foram incluídos 25 artigos e, após análise, emergiram três categorias: perfil de idosos com HIV/Aids; vivências de idosos com HIV/Aids; vulnerabilidades e mecanismos de enfrentamento de idosos com HIV/Aids. Conclusão: O perfil descoberto cobria idosos entre 60 e 69 anos, do sexo masculino; e a categoria com maior exposição foi a heterossexual. Ainda, conviver com HIV é viver com representações negativas, com preconceitos e discriminação da sociedade, que restringem o convívio social. As principais vulnerabilidades foram a falta de informação, a negação da condição sorológica e dos meios de prevenção, a dificuldade dos serviços de saúde na descoberta precoce do HIV e a condição de invisibilidade sexual nessa população. Já os mecanismos de enfrentamento mais comuns são as redes de apoio e a espiritualidade.

From Queer Necropolitics to Queer Eschatology: Reza Abdoh’s Unsettling Historiography

The theatrical oeuvre of Reza Abdoh has been lauded for its reinvigoration of the avantgarde, its formal and political daring and its astute commentary about the violence of the HIV virus (Fordyce, Carlson, Mufson, Bell). More recently, Abdoh’s work has been taken up as a commentary on neoliberalism—in part because of its politicization of bricolage and pastiche, recalling the more radical possibilities of theorizations of scholars such as Frederic Jameson (Zimmerman). Others have called out the modes by which Abdoh expanded the possibilities of queerness in the early 1990s. Yet no scholar has commented on Abdoh’s engagement of eschatology as a mode of historiography. That is the purpose of this essay. It is under this rubric, rather than an idea of generic postmodern milieu, that I read the multiple and discordant temporalities in Abdoh’s performances. While drawing on theories of the necropolitical (Mbembe) and gore capitalism (Valencia) in relation to conceptions of queer eschatology and capitalist violence, my inquiry emerges from consideration of the structural and theoretical aspects of the art works (“object’s”) themselves. I consider how Father Was a Peculiar Man (1990), performed in the Meatpacking District of Manhattan, exemplifies the historiographical possibilities of performance through its embodiment of an eschatological vision of the world in which the gender binary is performatively undone.

Malaria Co – Infection with Urinary Schistosomiasis, Typhoid Fever, Hepatitis B Virus, and Human Immunodeficiency (HIV) Virus among Students in Three Local Government Areas of Ekiti State, South Western Nigeria

Introduction: Malaria, Typhoid fever, urinary schistosomiasis, AIDS and hepatitis B virus disease are major public health problems in the tropical and subtropical countries; they exert a huge burden of morbidity, mortality and economic loss on the populace. Aims: The study investigates the prevalence of co–infection of malaria, typhoid fever, urinary schistosomiasis, hepatitis B virus and HIV virus among 306 students between the ages of 10- 21 years in three local government areas of Ekiti – state Nigeria. Methodology: Blood samples were randomly collected for the examination of malaria parasites, typhoid fever, hepatitis B virus and HIV virus while urine examination was done for urinary schistosomiasis by random sampling and survey for a period one week. Results: The results show that the overall prevalence of malaria, typhoid fever, urinary schistosomiasis and hepatitis B virus were 42.2%, 2.9%, 2.9% and 2.9% respectively. The female students had the highest prevalence of single infection with malaria fever having the highest figure (42.2%). Malaria and Urinary schistosomiasis had the highest prevalence of double infection of 2.3 %, while schistosomiasis and hepatitis B had the lowest prevalence of 0.3%. Also, male students had the highest prevalence of double and triple infections. The co-infection rate of malaria, urinary Schistosomiasis and hepatitis B was 0.3% and this occurred in male between the ages of 19-21 years, none of the students tested positive for HIV virus and therefore no students was found in the quaternaries. Conclusion: Co-infections is prevalent in this study area, therefore there should be integrated control approach directed against these diseases.

Zinc-enriched cookies improve immunity and decrease opportunistic diaseases in AIDS patients

Introduction: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system resulting from infection by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) virus. Methods: The study was carried out between 2015 and 2016 with patients who attended a Specialized Center for Parasitic Infectious Diseases in Paraná. The research was divided into two stages, where the effects of supplementation on TC4 + cells, viral load (LV) and number of opportunistic diseases were verified. 20mg / day of zinc was added to the cookies for 3 months. Results: Data analysis does not show statistical differences in VL and Zinc supplementation; however, supplementation shows that it is able to promote an increase in the TCD4 + count. Patients reported an improvement in their well-being and a decrease in the incidence of opportunistic diseases. Conclusion: Thus, it was observed that zinc supplementation was highly effective in increasing TCD4 + positively improving the immune response and quality of life. In addition, the supplementation in the form of biscuits proved to be innovative and very effective.

MicroPET evidence for a hypersensitive neuroinflammatory profile of gp120 mouse model of HIV

Despite increased survivability for people living with HIV (PLWH), HIV-related cognitive and behavioral abnormalities persist. Determining the biological mechanism(s) underlying these abnormalities is critical to minimize the long-term impact of HIV. Human positron emission tomography (PET) studies reveal that PLWH exhibit higher neuroinflammation, which may contribute to cognitive and behavioral problems. PLWH are hypersensitive to environmental insults that drive elevated inflammatory profiles. Gp120 is an envelope glycoprotein exposed on the surface of the HIV envelope which enables HIV virus entry into a cell and contributes to HIV-related neurotoxicity. Gp120 overexpression in mice enables delineating its impact, including on neuroinflammation. In vivo evidence for gp120 transgenic (Tg) mice exhibiting neuroinflammation has yet to be determined.Here, we conducted microPET imaging in male gp120 Tg and wildtype mice, using the radiotracer [(18)F]FEPPA which binds to the translocator protein expressed by activated microglial and serves as a marker of neuroinflammation. Imaging was performed at baseline and 24 hours after treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5 mg/kg), endotoxin that triggers an immune response.Gp120 Tg mice exhibited elevated [(18F)]FEPPA in response to LPS vs. wildtype mice throughout the brain including dorsal and ventral striata, hypothalamus, and hippocampus, but not prefrontal cortex.Gp120 Tg mice are hypersensitive to environmental inflammatory insults, consistent with PLWH, measurable in vivo. It remains to-be-determined whether this heightened sensitivity is connected to the behavioral abnormalities of these mice or is sensitive to antiretroviral or other treatments.

STUDYING THE PROBABILITY OF ACQUIRING HIV IN A CERTAIN POPULATION

This document is aimed at the study of the probability of acquiring the HIV virus in a certain population. A meticulous analysis is included regarding the understanding had, in order to design an accurate probabilistic model for each scenario. Based on a data recollection regarding HIV transmission, various specific situations were proposed to study deeper how vulnerable is an individual to acquiring HIV according to the number of interactions and the type of encounter had with an HIV carrier.

From Gene-Edited Baby to Cyborg Soldier: On the Limits to New Biotechnology by the Eugenics Movement

"Biotechnology for Health and Human Performance (BHPC) of the U.S. DOD recently released a research report titled “Cyborg Soldier 2050: Human/Machine Fusion and the Impact for the Future of the DOD”. In this report, Emanuel et al. predicted that ocular and auditory enhancements, muscular control through bodysuit, and neural enhancement of human brain will be feasible before 2050. And not so long ago, the world’s first Gene-edited twins LuLu and NaNa were made by a Chinese Scientist, who was sentenced and fined by the Chinese Government in December 2019, claims that these babies are now immune to the HIV virus. While the biotechnological breakthroughs show the potentials that humans can have different lives than we have now, it’s also worrisome for those unforeseen disadvantages of bio-inventions will cost human too much and too soon, before we have the abilities to stop it. Along with the developments of biotechnology, it’s not surprised that new bio-inventions will emerge and go beyond our imagination. But, the “artificial selection” character of these bio-inventions also reminds us of the Eugenics Movement which happened only a century ago. In this article, I’ll discuss these two bio-inventions by reviewing the Eugenics Movement. First, I’ll brief the cases of Gene-edited Baby and the CRISPR technology as well. Second, I’ll introduce the Cyborg Soldier and BHPC’s report. Third, I’ll talk about the Eugenic Movement and its consequences. Fourth, I’ll analyze these two bio-inventions from the historical perspectives of the Eugenic Movement. Finally, I will summarize and conclude this article. "

O perfil das tecnologias em saúde incorporadas no SUS de 2012 a 2019: quem são os principais demandantes?

RESUMO As tecnologias em saúde têm revolucionado a assistência médica e a gestão em saúde. A Comissão Nacional de Incorporação de Tecnologias no SUS (Conitec) é o órgão do Ministério da Saúde que assessora na incorporação, exclusão ou alteração de novas tecnologias no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O presente estudo objetivou descrever o perfil das tecnologias incorporadas no SUS de 1 de janeiro de 2012 a 30 de setembro de 2019. Os dados foram coletados no site da Conitec. Na análise estatística, foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson e o Teste Exato de Fisher. Os resultados demonstram que foram incorporadas 380 tecnologias, prevalecendo os medicamentos (46,6%). Em relação aos demandantes, os de origem interna superaram os demais (82,4%), principalmente secretarias do Ministério da Saúde (p<0,001). As Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias (DIPs) foram as mais beneficiadas (20,3%), com destaque para o HIV (Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana). A maioria das tecnologias incorporadas passou por consulta pública (p<0,001). Conclui-se que o perfil das tecnologias incorporadas são principalmente medicamentos, por demanda interna, com indicação para DIPs e, sobretudo para o HIV. Os medicamentos continuam sendo o foco das solicitações e as demandas internas passaram a ter mais espaço nesse cenário.

Diagnósticos e intervenções de Enfermagem acerca da qualidade de vida da pessoa que vive com HIV: revisão integrativa

Introdução: O HIV, Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana, tem se tornado uma grande pandemia e um dos mais graves problemas de saúde pública mundial. Devido a sua cronicidade, passou a ser algo com o que as pessoas necessitam conviver por toda sua vida, influenciando na qualidade de vida dessas pessoas. Objetivo: Identificar na literatura nacional informações sobre a qualidade de vida da pessoa vivendo com HIV e elencar os principais diagnósticos e intervenções de Enfermagem relacionados a melhoria da qualidade de vida desses indivíduos. Método: Revisão integrativa de literatura, com consulta nas bibliotecas e bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), foram incluídos estudos completos que descreveram a qualidade de vida das pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids no Brasil e medidas de Enfermagem visando sua melhoria, publicados em português entre os anos de 2015 a 2021. Resultados: Foram escolhidos 24 artigos para compor os resultados. Os domínios com a QV mais afetadas a partir das falas foram: preocupação com o sigilo, relação com o meio ambiente, domínio psicológico, de independência e espiritualidade. Os diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem buscaram atendê-los. Considerações Finais: O enfermeiro deve apropriar-se do Processo de Enfermagem e agir mediante as necessidades especificas de saúde do paciente no momento, fornecendo escuta ativa e acolhimento ao mesmo, sendo também promotor de ações de educação em saúde, para reduzir agravos e proporcionar maior aceitação ao diagnóstico.

Law, criminalisation and HIV in the world: have countries that criminalise achieved more or less successful pandemic response?

How do choices in criminal law and rights protections affect disease-fighting efforts? This long-standing question facing governments around the world is acute in the context of pandemics like HIV and COVID-19. The Global AIDS Strategy of the last 5 years sought to prevent mortality and HIV transmission in part through ensuring people living with HIV (PLHIV) knew their HIV status and could suppress the HIV virus through antiretroviral treatment. This article presents a cross-national ecological analysis of the relative success of national AIDS responses under this strategy, where laws were characterised by more or less criminalisation and with varying rights protections. In countries where same-sex sexual acts were criminalised, the portion of PLHIV who knew their HIV status was 11% lower and viral suppression levels 8% lower. Sex work criminalisation was associated with 10% lower knowledge of status and 6% lower viral suppression. Drug use criminalisation was associated with 14% lower levels of both. Criminalising all three of these areas was associated with approximately 18%–24% worse outcomes. Meanwhile, national laws on non-discrimination, independent human rights institutions and gender-based violence were associated with significantly higher knowledge of HIV status and higher viral suppression among PLHIV. Since most countries did not achieve 2020 HIV goals, this ecological evidence suggests that law reform may be an important tool in speeding momentum to halt the pandemic.