Before-and-after online community survey on knowledge and perception of COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Background COVID-19 pandemic impacts many communities worldwide. In this study the Poles’ knowledge about COVID-19 as well as people’s behaviours, attitudes and fears during the pandemic were assessed. Changes in these between the outset of the pandemic and the imposition of the strictest lockdown measures in Poland were investigated. Methods Physicians, nurses, students of medicine-oriented faculties, non-medical professionals, students of non-medicine-oriented faculties and secondary school students were surveyed by an anonymous online questionnaire two times: at the onset of the pandemic and in the second week of the strictest lockdown. Statistical analyses were performed using non-parametric tests – Pearson Chi Square, Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results In total 2618 responses were collected. At the beginning people knew that the respiratory system was attacked (97.9%); correctly identified the major symptoms of COVID-19 (95.0%) and ways to prevent infection: hand washing (99.8%), covering mouth (85.9%) and the need to call sanitary-epidemiological services if one experienced COVID-19-like symptoms (92.1%). The biggest changes between the first and second phase of the study concerned behaviours: more people wearing facial masks (+ 37.5%) and staying at home (+ 66.1%). Respondents in the second wave of the survey were also more scared of the pandemic (+ 19.6%), economic crisis (+ 64.1%), and worried about their families (+ 26.5%). However, they were less afraid of the quarantine (lockdown) (− 18.2%). Nurses and physicians were the most worried groups. Conclusions The study showed that even at the outset of the pandemic Polish population had a good initial knowledge about symptoms, transmission, and preventive behaviours regarding COVID-19. People revealed more short-term concerns, such as the worries about coping with quarantine and isolation. After a month, the knowledge and the concerns among the respondents changed. A shift towards long-term pandemic management issues was observed. Respondents reported to experience more fears concerning the pandemic in general, as well as economic and healthcare crises. Medical professionals reported higher level of fear of the pandemic than other groups included in this study. This study uses before-and-after approach which highlights the changes in people’s knowledge and perception of the COVID-19 pandemic during the pandemic’s progression.

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Knowledge and perception of COVID-19 pandemic. Before-and-after online community survey.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-28849/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wojciech Nazar ◽

Julia Leszkowicz ◽

Agata Pieńkowska ◽

Michał Brzeziński ◽

Agnieszka Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Online Community ◽

Medical Professionals ◽

Second Phase ◽

School Students ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Chi Square ◽

Before And After ◽

Second Wave ◽

Management Issues

Abstract Background COVID-19 pandemic impacts many communities worldwide. In this study the Poles' knowledge about COVID-19 as well as people’s behaviours, attitudes and fears during the pandemic were assessed. Changes in these between the outset of the pandemic and the imposition of the strictest lockdown measures in Poland were investigated.Methods Physicians, nurses, students of medicine-oriented faculties, non-medical professionals, students of non-medicine-oriented faculties and secondary school students were surveyed by an anonymous online questionnaire two times: at the onset of the pandemic and in the second week of the strictest lockdown. Statistical analyses were performed using non-parametric tests – Pearson Chi Square, Kruskal-Wallis tests.Results In total 2618 responses were collected. At the beginning people knew that the respiratory system was attacked (97.9%); correctly identified the major symptoms of COVID-19 (95.0%) and ways to prevent infection: hand washing (99.8%), covering mouth (85.9%) and the need to call sanitary-epidemiological services if one experienced COVID-19-like symptoms (92.1%).The biggest changes between the first and second phase of the study concerned behaviours: more people wearing facial masks (+37.5%) and staying at home (+66.1%). Respondents in the second wave of the survey were also more scared of the pandemic (+19.6%), economic crisis (+64.1%), and worried about their families (+26.5%). However, they were less afraid of the quarantine (lockdown) (-18.2%). Nurses and physicians were the most worried groups.Conclusions The study showed that even at the outset of the pandemic Polish population had a good initial knowledge about symptoms, transmission, and preventive behaviours regarding COVID-19. People revealed more short-term concerns, such as the worries about coping with quarantine and isolation. After a month, the knowledge and the concerns among the respondents changed. A shift towards long-term pandemic management issues was observed. Respondents reported to experience more fears concerning the pandemic in general, as well as economic and healthcare crises. Medical professionals reported higher level of fear of the pandemic than other groups included in this study. This study uses before-and-after approach which highlights the changes in people’s knowledge and perception of the COVID-19 pandemic during the pandemic’s progression.

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Knowledge and perception of COVID-19 pandemic: Before-and-after online community survey.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-28712/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wojciech Nazar ◽

Julia Leszkowicz ◽

Agata Pieńkowska ◽

Michał Brzeziński ◽

Agnieszka Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Online Community ◽

Medical Professionals ◽

Second Phase ◽

School Students ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Chi Square ◽

Before And After ◽

Second Wave ◽

Management Issues

Abstract Background COVID-19 pandemic impacts many communities worldwide. In this study the Poles' knowledge about COVID-19 as well as people’s behaviours, attitudes and fears during the pandemic were assessed. Changes in these between the outset of the pandemic and the imposition of the strictest lockdown measures in Poland were investigated.Methods Physicians, nurses, students of medicine-oriented faculties, non-medical professionals, students of non-medicine-oriented faculties and secondary school students were surveyed by an anonymous online questionnaire two times: at the onset of the pandemic and in the second week of the strictest lockdown. Statistical analyses were performed using non-parametric tests - Chi square Persons, Kruskal-Wallis tests.Results In total 2618 responses were collected. At the beginning people knew that the respiratory system was attacked (97.9%); correctly identified the major symptoms of COVID-19 (95.0%) and ways to prevent infection: hand washing (99.8%), covering mouth (85.9%) and the need to call sanitary-epidemiological services if one experienced COVID-19-like symptoms (92.1%). The biggest changes between the first and second phase of the study concerned behaviours: more people wearing facial masks (+37.5%) and staying at home (+66.1%). Respondents in the second wave of the survey were also more scared of the pandemic (+19.6%), economic crisis (+64.1%), and worried about their families (+26.5%). However, they were less afraid of the quarantine (lockdown) (-18.2%). Nurses and physicians were the most worried groups.Conclusions The study showed that even at the outset of the pandemic Polish population had a good initial knowledge about symptoms, transmission, and preventive behaviours regarding COVID-19. People revealed more short-term concerns, such as the worries about coping with quarantine and isolation. After a month, the knowledge and the concerns among the respondents changed. A shift towards long-term pandemic management issues was observed. Respondents reported to experience more fears concerning the pandemic in general, as well as economic and healthcare crises. Medical professionals reported higher level of fear of the pandemic than other groups included in this study. This study uses before-and-after approach which highlights the changes in people’s knowledge and perception of the COVID-19 pandemic during the pandemic’s progression.

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Knowledge and perception of COVID-19 pandemic. Before-and-after online community survey.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-28849/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wojciech Nazar ◽

Julia Leszkowicz ◽

Agata Pieńkowska ◽

Michał Brzeziński ◽

Agnieszka Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Online Community ◽

Medical Professionals ◽

Second Phase ◽

School Students ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Chi Square ◽

Before And After ◽

Second Wave ◽

Management Issues

Abstract BackgroundCOVID-19 pandemic impacts many communities worldwide. In this study the Poles' knowledge about COVID-19 as well as people’s behaviours, attitudes and fears during the pandemic were assessed. Changes in these between the outset of the pandemic and the imposition of the strictest lockdown measures in Poland were investigated.MethodsPhysicians, nurses, students of medicine-oriented faculties, non-medical professionals, students of non-medicine-oriented faculties and secondary school students were surveyed by an anonymous online questionnaire two times: at the onset of the pandemic and in the second week of the strictest lockdown. Statistical analyses were performed using non-parametric tests – Pearson Chi Square, Kruskal-Wallis tests.ResultsIn total 2618 responses were collected. At the beginning people knew that the respiratory system was attacked (97.9%); correctly identified the major symptoms of COVID-19 (95.0%) and ways to prevent infection: hand washing (99.8%), covering mouth (85.9%) and the need to call sanitary-epidemiological services if one experienced COVID-19-like symptoms (92.1%).The biggest changes between the first and second phase of the study concerned behaviours: more people wearing facial masks (+37.5%) and staying at home (+66.1%). Respondents in the second wave of the survey were also more scared of the pandemic (+19.6%), economic crisis (+64.1%), and worried about their families (+26.5%). However, they were less afraid of the quarantine (lockdown) (-18.2%). Nurses and physicians were the most worried groups.ConclusionsThe study showed that even at the outset of the pandemic Polish population had a good initial knowledge about symptoms, transmission, and preventive behaviours regarding COVID-19. People revealed more short-term concerns, such as the worries about coping with quarantine and isolation. After a month, the knowledge and the concerns among the respondents changed. A shift towards long-term pandemic management issues was observed. Respondents reported to experience more fears concerning the pandemic in general, as well as economic and healthcare crises. Medical professionals reported higher level of fear of the pandemic than other groups included in this study. This study uses before-and-after approach which highlights the changes in people’s knowledge and perception of the COVID-19 pandemic during the pandemic’s progression.

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Knowledge and perception of COVID-19 pandemic: Before-and-after online community survey.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-28849/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wojciech Nazar ◽

Julia Leszkowicz ◽

Agata Pieńkowska ◽

Michał Brzeziński ◽

Agnieszka Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Online Community ◽

Online Survey ◽

Medical Professionals ◽

Second Phase ◽

School Students ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Chi Square ◽

Before And After ◽

Second Wave

Abstract Background COVID-19 pandemic impacts many communities worldwide. In this study the Poles' knowledge about COVID-19 as well as people’s behaviours, attitudes and fears during the pandemic were assessed. Changes in these between the outset of the pandemic and the imposition of the strictest lockdown measures in Poland were investigated. Methods Physicians, nurses, students of medicine-oriented faculties, non-medical professionals, students of non-medicine-oriented faculties and secondary school students were surveyed by an anonymous online questionnaire two times: at the onset of the pandemic and in the second week of the strictest lockdown. Statistical analyses were performed using non-parametric tests - Chi square Persons, Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results In total 2618 responses were collected. At the beginning people knew that the respiratory system was attacked (97.9%); correctly identified the major symptoms of COVID-19 (95.0%) and ways to prevent infection: hand washing (99.8%), covering mouth (85.9%) and the need to call sanitary-epidemiological services if one experienced COVID-19-like symptoms (92.1%). The biggest changes between the first and second phase of the study concerned behaviours: more people wearing facial masks (+37.5%) and staying at home (+66.1%). Respondents in the second wave of the survey were also more scared of the pandemic (+19.6%), economic crisis (+64.1%), and worried about their families (+26.5%). However, they were less afraid of the quarantine (lockdown) (-18.2%). Nurses and physicians were the most worried groups. Conclusions The study showed that even at the outset of the pandemic Polish population had a good initial knowledge about symptoms, transmission, and preventive behaviours regarding COVID-19. People revealed more short-term concerns, such as the worries about coping with quarantine and isolation. After a month, the knowledge and the concerns among the respondents changed. A shift towards long-term pandemic management issues was observed. Respondents reported to experience more fears concerning the pandemic in general, as well as economic and healthcare crises. Medical professionals reported higher level of fear of the pandemic than other groups included in this study. This study uses before-and-after approach which highlights the changes in people’s knowledge and perception of the COVID-19 pandemic during the pandemic’s progression. Keywords online survey, COVID-19, medical personel, before-and-after study

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Dynamic changes in anxiety level before and after reading and watching different types of online articles and videos respectively: A Pilot Study

10.31219/osf.io/fyxwq ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sizhe Zhou ◽

Keying Liu

Keyword(s):

High School Students ◽

Dynamic Effect ◽

Anxiety Level ◽

Second Phase ◽

School Students ◽

Before And After ◽

Anxiety Levels ◽

Two Phases ◽

Ecological Momentary

In recent years, researchers studying anxiety in high school students have determined that therapeutic videos and articles are effective as auxiliary intervention methods, but the specific types of videos or articles that are most effective still remain unclear. Current research has focused on the dynamic effect of various types of videos or articles on adolescents' anxiety levels, with the aim of finding suitable types of videos or articles to be used as materials during interventions. The study is divided into two phases. In the first phase of the study, a questionnaire was distributed to a total of 2120 participants from China regarding their anxiety level and their preferred materials during online surfing, The results indicate that five types of materials were related to adolescents’ anxiety levels. In the second phase of the study, Ecological Momentary Assessment was used to continuously measure 30 participants’ anxiety levels over the course of ten days. The results show that while scenic video, online fiction, classic literature, and literature criticism affected an individual’s emotions positively. There was no significant effect when entertainment videos were used. In addition, only scenic videos were able to alleviate anxiety in the long-term.

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Dynamic changes in anxiety level before and after reading and watching different types of online articles and videos respectively: A Pilot Study

10.31234/osf.io/feg5n ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sizhe Zhou ◽

Keying Liu

Keyword(s):

High School Students ◽

Dynamic Effect ◽

Anxiety Level ◽

Second Phase ◽

School Students ◽

Before And After ◽

Anxiety Levels ◽

Two Phases ◽

Ecological Momentary

In recent years, researchers studying anxiety in high school students have determined that therapeutic videos and articles are effective as auxiliary intervention methods. However, the specific types of videos or articles that are most effective remain unclear. Current research has focused on the dynamic effect of various types of videos or articles on adolescents' anxiety levels to find suitable types of videos or articles to be used as materials during interventions. The study is divided into two phases. In the first phase of the study, a questionnaire was distributed to 2120 participants from China regarding their anxiety level and their preferred materials during online surfing; The results indicate that five types of materials were related to adolescents’ anxiety levels. In the second phase of the study, Ecological Momentary Assessment was used to continuously measure 30 participants’ anxiety levels over the course of ten days. The results show that while scenic video, online fiction, classic literature, and literature criticism positively affected an individual’s emotions. There was no significant effect when entertainment videos were used. In addition, only scenic videos were able to alleviate anxiety in the long term.

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Fine-tuning citrate synthase flux potentiates and refines metabolic innovation in the Lenski evolution experiment

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.09696 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Erik M Quandt ◽

Jimmy Gollihar ◽

Zachary D Blount ◽

Andrew D Ellington ◽

George Georgiou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Citrate Synthase ◽

Fine Tuning ◽

Ecological Niches ◽

Glta Gene ◽

Evolutionary Changes ◽

Before And After ◽

Evolution Experiment ◽

History Of ◽

Second Wave

Evolutionary innovations that enable organisms to colonize new ecological niches are rare compared to gradual evolutionary changes in existing traits. We discovered that key mutations in the gltA gene, which encodes citrate synthase (CS), occurred both before and after Escherichia coli gained the ability to grow aerobically on citrate (Cit+ phenotype) during the Lenski long-term evolution experiment. The first gltA mutation, which increases CS activity by disrupting NADH-inhibition of this enzyme, is beneficial for growth on the acetate and contributed to preserving the rudimentary Cit+ trait from extinction when it first evolved. However, after Cit+ was refined by further mutations, this potentiating gltA mutation became deleterious to fitness. A second wave of beneficial gltA mutations then evolved that reduced CS activity to below the ancestral level. Thus, dynamic reorganization of central metabolism made colonizing this new nutrient niche contingent on both co-opting and overcoming a history of prior adaptation.

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The Well-being of Students in a Welsh Secondary School Before and After a COVID-19 Lockdown

Journal of Education Society and Behavioural Science ◽

10.9734/jesbs/2021/v34i830350 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 42-51

Author(s):

Andrew P. Smith ◽

Arwel James

Keyword(s):

Secondary School ◽

Process Model ◽

Secondary School Students ◽

Psychological Capital ◽

Well Being ◽

Academic Stress ◽

School Students ◽

Welsh Language ◽

Before And After

Background: There has been considerable research on the well-being of secondary school students, most of which focuses on health-related behaviour or mental health issues. The well-being process model provides a framework that examines predictors of positive and negative well-being outcomes. The model has been validated in many studies of workers and university students. The present study examined the model's applicability to secondary school students whose education is conducted through the medium of the Welsh language. COVID-19 has disrupted education and well-being, and the present study presents profiles of well-being before and after the first COVID-19 lockdown in Wales. Aims: The first aim was to examine the applicability of the well-being process model to secondary school students. A second aim was to study students where teaching was in the Welsh language. Finally, the research examined the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown and identified predictors of current well-being after lockdown and the long term implications of COVID-19. Methodology: The research was carried out with the informed consent of the volunteers and approved by the School of Psychology, Cardiff University ethics committee. The participants were 214 students (111 males), and they represented each year group. An online survey was carried out, and the pre-COVID-19 associations between the well-being process predictor variables and outcomes were examined using regression analyses. Predictors of current and long-term well-being post-lockdown were also examined. Results: The data relating to the pre-COVID 19 periods confirmed that positive well-being was predicted by high scores for psychological capital and social support. Daytime sleepiness was negatively associated with positive well-being. Stress at school was predicted by high student stressors, negative coping, social support and low psychological capital scores. Post-lockdown well-being was predicted by psychological capital and negatively associated with academic stress and fear of infection, and the stress of isolation. The longer-term negative impact of COVID-19 was predicted by problem-focused coping, fear of infection, and social isolation. Conclusion: The results confirmed the applicability of the well-being process model to Welsh secondary school students. Lockdown during COVID-19 affected well-being, with the risk of infection and the stress of isolation and academic stress being the major negative influences.

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Pengaruh Menonton VCD Tentang Cidera Kepala Terhadap Kepatuhan Menggunakan Helm Siswa SMK Pengendara Sepeda Motor Di Kota Surakarta

(JKG) JURNAL KEPERAWATAN GLOBAL ◽

10.37341/jkg.v4i1.67 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Suyanto Suyanto ◽

Hartono Hartono

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Injury Rate ◽

Vocational Students ◽

School Students ◽

Chi Square ◽

Central Java ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Police Records

Background: Various efforts have been made to reduce the risk of head injury due to motorcycle accident. But the effort has not succeeded that looks still high head injury rate so that it enters in 10 diseases most in Surakarta. Police records, motorcycle accidents in the Surakarta region ranks the highest compared to five other Central Java areas which tend to increase. An effort to reduce the risk of head injury is to increase knowledge about head injury. Especially in the vocational school students who use motorcycles for their groups at high risk of accidents and head injuries. The study wanted to see the effect of watching videos on knowledge and compliance using helmets of motorcycling students in Surakarta. Method: The design of this study was quasi experiment using pre-post test approach on population of vocational students in Surakarta with 343 samples using a knowledge questionnaire observation and compliance observation sheets using a helmet. Research data were analyzed using Chi Square Test. Result: The results showed that there was a significant difference in knowledge of vocational students about head injuries before and after watching video. As for the helmet there are significant differences. Conclusion: Researchers suggest student knowledge about head injury and compliance using a helmet.

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Medical Students’ Attitudes Towards a Career in Psychiatry before and after Viewing a Promotional DVD

Australasian Psychiatry ◽

10.1080/10398560902874298 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 311-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Tasha Robertson ◽

Garry Walter ◽

Nerissa Soh ◽

Glenn Hunt ◽

Michelle Cleary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Modest Improvement ◽

Medical Practitioners ◽

Scientific Foundation ◽

Before And After ◽

Students Attitudes ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

The University

Objectives: The objectives were, first, to determine attitudes towards psychiatry as a career among medical students currently enrolled at the University of Sydney and, second, to establish the immediate impact on those attitudes of a promotional DVD, released by the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists. Method: Medical students enrolled in the University of Sydney in 2008 were invited to complete a voluntary online questionnaire, in which their attitudes towards psychiatry were explored, and the immediate effects of a 15-minute DVD were ascertained. Results: A total of 123 students participated. Only one student identified psychiatry as their chosen career. Medical students viewed psychiatry as the least attractive specialty for the degree to which patients are helped effectively and in terms of having a reliable scientific foundation. However, it rated well in regard to being intellectually challenging, a rapidly advancing field of medicine, and providing research opportunities and a good lifestyle. Psychiatry is less respected than most other specialties by students and they perceive this discipline to be poorly respected by other medical students and current medical practitioners. After viewing the DVD, there were improved student ratings of the benefits of a career in psychiatry, especially in relation to the specialty being enjoyable, offering effective treatment and having a scientific foundation. There was also enhanced understanding of the role of a psychiatrist in just over half of the participants and increased interest in psychiatry in about 30% of participants. The DVD was most effective in increasing awareness of the diversity of subspecialties available within psychiatry, good lifestyle factors, and the training involved. Conclusion: Among medical students, psychiatry is perceived as unattractive and fails to command the respect afforded other specialties. The viewing of a promotional DVD by medical students was found to be effective in improving their attitudes towards psychiatry and increasing their interest in pursuing a career in the specialty. However, the long-term impact of this modest improvement is unknown and the low survey response rate limits the extent to which the results can be generalized.

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