scholarly journals The role of a virtual avatar in attention and memory tasks in Rett syndrome

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Angela Fabio ◽  
Giorgia Pergolizzi ◽  
Andrea Nucita ◽  
Giancarlo Iannizzotto ◽  
Tindara Caprì
Keyword(s):  
Rett Syndrome ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Virtual Avatar

Abstract Background Since subjects with Rett syndrome (RTT) focus their attention mainly on the faces of people with whom they interact, in this study the role of a human-like smart interactive agent (an avatar) in enhancing cognitive processes is examined. More in depth, this study aimed to understand if, and to what extent, the use of an avatar can improve attention and memory abilities in subjects with RTT. Method Thirty-six subjects with RTT participated in the study. All participants performed over-selectivity and memory tasks, for a total of six trials. These trials were randomly presented in two different conditions: with and without virtual avatar. Results The results indicated that the participants improved their attention and memory abilities when they performed the tasks with the avatar. There were no improvements when they performed the tasks without the avatar. Discussion The results were discussed considering the relationship between motivation, attention and memory in RTT.

scholarly journals The role of a virtual avatar in attention and memory tasks in Rett Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Angela Fabio ◽  
Giorgia Pergolizzi ◽  
Andrea Nucita ◽  
Giancarlo Iannizzotto ◽  
Tindara Caprì
Keyword(s):  
Rett Syndrome ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Mental Age ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Virtual Avatar

Abstract Background Since patients with Rett syndrome (RTT) focus their attention mainly on the faces of people with whom they interact, in this study the role of a human-like avatar in enhancing cognitive processes was examined. More in depth, this study examined patients with RTT performing attention and memory tasks with and without a virtual avatar.Methods Thirty-six girls with RTT participated in the study. They were matched for mental age and randomly submitted to two conditions (with and without virtual avatar) with two tasks (over-selectivity and memory paradigms). Results Results indicated that the RTT group exposed to the virtual avatar condition, presented better attention and memory abilities than the matched RTT group without the avatar condition. Conclusions Results were discussed in light of the relationship between motivation, attention and memory RTT.

scholarly journals The Role of a Virtual Avatar in Attention and Memory Tasks in Rett Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Angela Fabio ◽  
Giorgia Pergolizzi ◽  
Andrea Nucita ◽  
Giancarlo Iannizzotto ◽  
Caprì Tindara
Keyword(s):  
Rett Syndrome ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Mental Age ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Virtual Avatar

Abstract Background: Since subjects with Rett syndrome (RTT) focus their attention mainly on the faces of people with whom they interact, in this study the role of a human-like avatar in enhancing cognitive processes was examined. More in depth, this study examined subjects with RTT performing attention and memory tasks with and without a virtual avatar.Method: Thirty-six girls with RTT participated in the study. They were matched for mental age and randomly submitted to two conditions (with and without virtual avatar) with two tasks (over-selectivity and memory paradigms). Results: The results indicated that the RTT group exposed to the virtual avatar condition, presented better attention and memory abilities than the matched RTT group without the avatar condition. Discussion: The results were discussed in light of the relationship between motivation, attention and memory in RTT.

scholarly journals El lenguaje y los lugares construidos / The Language and the Built Places

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Fuentes Farias
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Language And Cognition ◽  
Human Capacity ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Organizing

ABSTRACTIf we don't explain the role of language in the construction of places to live, their study will be incomplete; therefore the built space poses the challenge of defining a method of analysis that takes into account the emergence of cognitive processes in human being, of which perception and categorization of objects in space seems to be the most difficult to explain. And here is where the focus on language, from the point of view of the studies of complexity, admits to interpret and explain the evolution of the human capacity of build. In this sense, it is necessary to review the problem of in witch sense it can be said that language is innate or learned, and if the mind is a blank paper at birth, or has a genetic basis and how would be like. We observed the acquisition of language and cognition, and the construction of places to live, as the product of a cultural-genetic legacy. It is necessary to offer a point of view about the relationship between culture-nature, taking built places as a superior order and self-organizing subsystem: the built spaceRESUMENMientras no se exponga el papel del lenguaje en la construcción de lugares para vivir, su estudio estará incompleto; por ello, el espacio construido plantea el reto de definir un método de análisis que tome en cuenta el surgimiento de procesos cognitivos en la especie humana, de los cuales la percepción y categorización de los objetos en el espacio parece ser el más difícil de explicar. Y es aquí donde el enfoque en el lenguaje, desde el punto de vista de los estudios de la complejidad, permite interpretar y explicar la evolución de la capacidad constructiva del ser humano. En tal sentido, es necesario revisar el problema de en qué medida puede afirmarse que el lenguaje es innato o aprendido, y si la mente es un papel en blanco al nacer, o tiene una base genética y cómo sería ello. Se examina la adquisición del lenguaje y la cognición, y la construcción de lugares para vivir, como producto de una herencia genético-cultual. Se ofrece un punto de vista necesario acerca de la relación cultura-naturaleza, considerando los lugares construidos como subsistemas de un orden superior y auto-organizado: el espacio construido.

scholarly journals Neurocognitive Psychometrics of Intelligence: How Measurement Advancements Unveiled the Role of Mental Speed in Intelligence Differences

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Lena Schubert ◽  
Gidon T. Frischkorn
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Order Processing ◽  
The Relationship

More intelligent individuals typically show faster reaction times. However, individual differences in reaction times do not represent individual differences in a single cognitive process but in multiple cognitive processes. Thus, it is unclear whether the association between mental speed and intelligence reflects advantages in a specific cognitive process or in general processing speed. In this article, we present a neurocognitive-psychometrics account of mental speed that decomposes the relationship between mental speed and intelligence. We summarize research employing mathematical models of cognition and chronometric analyses of neural processing to identify distinct stages of information processing strongly related to intelligence differences. Evidence from both approaches suggests that the speed of higher-order processing is greater in smarter individuals, which may reflect advantages in the structural and functional organization of brain networks. Adopting a similar neurocognitive-psychometrics approach for other cognitive processes associated with intelligence (e.g., working memory or executive control) may refine our understanding of the basic cognitive processes of intelligence.

scholarly journals Metaphor in the Structure of Exploring Complexity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
Alexander Dumov
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Philosophical Reflection ◽  
The World ◽  
New Vision ◽  
Organization Ecology ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Methodological Reflection

The paper presents a review of modern philosophical and methodological literature on exploring complexity. The research featured the effect of metaphor in the cognitive processes, research communication, and transmission of complex ideas. The author developed a classification of metaphors in the context of exploring complexity. The approach is based on the identification of a certain ontological and epistemic content of the metaphor. The contextual role of the metaphor in cognition processes depends on these aspects of its content. The author analyzed the groups of metaphors associated with such topics of exploring complexity as self-organization, ecology, and dialogue. The metaphors proved important in developing a complex vision of the relationship between the cognizer and the world. The study also examined the axiological aspects of the metaphors, as well as the connection between the metaphor and the new vision of rationality, typical of the philosophical reflection of complexity. The metaphor proved to have a heuristic, communicative, and organizational potential in conditions of methodological uncertainty. The context of philosophical and theoretical-methodological reflection of complexity makes it possible to study the metaphor in order to identify the existing models of exploring complexity and their cognitive stylistics.

Attentional Control and Performance Across Increasing Degrees of Unreliable Automation

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1238-1241
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Out Of The Loop ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Task

Automation is becoming increasingly pervasive across various technological domains. As this trend continues, work must be done to understand how humans interact with these automated systems. However, individual differences can influence performance during these interactions, particularly as automation becomes more complex, potentially leaving operators out-of-the-loop. Much of the current research investigates the role of working memory and performance across low and high levels of unreliable automation. There is little work investigating the connection between other high-level cognitive processes such as attentional control and performance. Foroughi et al. (2019) found a positive correlation between attentional control and task performance. However, they only included a low-level form of automation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between attentional control and performance using increasing degrees of unreliable automation. Our results demonstrated a positive correlation between attentional control and performance using high-level unreliable automation.

scholarly journals Numerosity Structures the Expression of Quantity in Lexical Numbers and Grammatical Number

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karenleigh A. Overmann
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Number System ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Intelligence Modeling ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Grammatical Number ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Using data from the World Atlas of Language Structures and other sources, this study analyzed 905 languages for the presence of grammatical number (GN) and lexical numbers (LNs) to investigate what the distribution of these linguistic features might suggest about the relationship between language and numerosity, the perceptual system for quantity. Nearly 7% of the sample had LNs but lacked GN, and GN never occurred without LNs, implying that LNs may develop first and that GN is neither necessary nor sufficient for developing LNs, despite its role in helping children acquire number concepts when present as a feature of language. The geographic-temporal distribution of the two linguistic features additionally supported the idea that LNs may emerge prior to GN. Furthermore, the “one-two-three-many” structure of both LNs and GN, along with the failure of historic artificial intelligence modeling to converge on real-world number system solutions, suggested that numerosity may structure the expression of quantity in both linguistic domains. The role of the hand in numbers (the interaction of numerosity with cognitive processes such as finger gnosia, haptic perception, and neural reactions to tools) implies that LNs may originate in tactile engagement with material structures that may subsequently extend to nontactile domains, such as GN.

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