scholarly journals Assessment of tear film lipid layer thickness in patients with Meibomian gland dysfunction at different ages

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhua Li ◽  
Jiling Ma ◽  
Man Hu ◽  
Jianqin Yu ◽  
Yune Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Eyelid Margin

Abstract Background To evaluate the correlations between lipid layer thickness (LLT) and morphology and function of the meibomian glands in patients who were diagnosed as meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in different age groups. Methods Patients who have diagnosed as obstructive MGD were included in this prospective, cross-sectional study. Patients were divided into three groups: young (ages 20–39 years), middle-aged (ages 40–59 years), and older (aged ≥60 years). All patients completed an Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and were evaluated for LLT, tear meniscus height (TMH), noninvasive tear film break-up time (NI-BUT) measurement, invasive TBUT (ITBUT), corneal fluoresceinstaining (CFS) score, eyelid margin abnormalities, Schirmer I test, and MG function and morphology, by using the Keratograph 5 and LipiView interferometer. Results Two hundred and nine patients (209 eyes) were included. The median LLT of all patient was 57 nm (IQR, 36.5 nm), and the LLT values were significantly different among the young group (median, 51 nm; IQR, 23.5 nm), middle-aged group (median, 59.5 nm; IQR 46.5 nm) and older group (median, 62 nm; IQR, 42.5 nm) (P = 0.033, Kruskal-Wallis test). In regression analyses controlling for confounder factors sex and MG loss, the LLT was positively correlated with age (β = 5.539, P = 0.001). There was a negative correlation between LLT and MG dropout in the all (r = − 0.527, P < 0.001), young (r = − 0.536, P < 0.001), middle-aged (r = − 0.576, P < 0.001), and older (r = − 0.501, P < 0.001) groups. LLT was positively correlated with the MG expressibility in the all (r = 0.202, P = 0.003), middle-aged (r = 0.280, P = 0.044) and older (r = 0.452, p < 0.001) groups, but it was no statistical significance in the young group (r = 0.007, P = 0.949). Conclusions The thickness of LLT was increased with age and significantly correlated with both MG secretion and morphology in middle-aged and older patients with obstructive MGD. LLT measurement is a useful screening tool for detecting obstructive MGD and age as an influential factor should be accounted for when interpreting the meaning of the LLT value. Trial registration NCT02481167; Registered 25 June, 2015.

scholarly journals Benefits and Safety of Astaxanthin in the Treatment of Mild-To-Moderate Dry Eye Disease

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Tian ◽  
Ya Wen ◽  
Siyuan Li ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Yinghui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Eyelid Margin ◽  
Blink Frequency

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of astaxanthin in the treatment of mild-to-moderate dry eye disease (DED) in middle-aged and elderly patients.Methods: 120 eyes of 60 middle-aged and elderly patients with mild-to-moderate DED were enrolled in this prospective, one-group, quasi-experimental study. Six milligram Astaxanthin tablets (Weihong Haematococcus Pluvialis Astaxanthin, Hangzhou Xinwei Low Carbon Technology R&amp;D Co., Ltd., China) were administered orally, twice daily for 30 ± 2 days. History of eye diseases, treatment, systemic disease, and medication before the test were recorded. In addition, the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT), fluorescein break-up time (FBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) score, eyelid margin signs, meibomian gland (MG) expressibility, meibum quality, meibomian gland dropout (MGDR), Schirmer I test (SIt), tear meniscus height (TMH), bulbar conjunctiva congestion degree, blink frequency, incomplete blink rate, and thickness of tear film lipid layer were collected before treatment, 2 weeks after the initiation of treatment, and at the end of treatment. Visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior segment, fundus, discomfort symptoms and other adverse reactions were also monitored throughout the study to assess the safety.Results: OSDI score, NIBUT, BUT, CFS score, eyelid margin signs, MG expressibility, meibum quality, and blink frequency improved significantly to varying degrees after treatment compared with those before the treatment (P &lt; 0.05), while TMH, SIt, conjunctival congestion, the thickness of tear film lipid layer, MGDR, incomplete blink rate, VA and IOP did not differ (P &gt; 0.05).Conclusions: Oral administration of astaxanthin improves the symptoms and signs of middle-aged and elderly patients with mild-to-moderate DED.

scholarly journals Image-based quantitative analysis of tear film lipid layer thickness for meibomian gland evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeonha Hwang ◽  
Hee-Jae Jeon ◽  
Kin Choong Yow ◽  
Ho Sik Hwang ◽  
EuiHeon Chung
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Lipid Layer

scholarly journals Effects of a New Eyelid Shampoo on Lid Hygiene and Eyelash Length in Patients with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Comparative Open Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asuka Kobayashi ◽  
Takeshi Ide ◽  
Teruki Fukumoto ◽  
Emiko Miki ◽  
Kazuo Tsubota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Subjective Symptoms ◽  
Eyelid Margin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Function ◽  
Lid Hygiene

Purpose. Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) can lead to abnormalities in the composition and function of tear film, resulting in dry eye. Eyelid hygiene is a key to management of MGD. We tested a novel eyelid shampoo (Eye Shampoo Long, ESL) for its ability to maintain lid hygiene. This shampoo is nonirritating and can potentially lengthen eyelashes. This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ESL in the treatment of MGD and its effects on eyelash length. Methods. Ten patients with MGD and 10 healthy subjects without MGD applied ESL twice daily for 8 weeks. Patients were examined for lid margin and dry eye before and after the trial. Subjective symptoms were evaluated. Eyelash length was measured at baseline and at the end of the trial. Results. In the MGD group, significant improvements were observed in subjective symptoms obstruction of the meibomian orifice, secretion of meibum, eyelashes contamination, eyelid margin foam, and SPK. Eyelash length became significantly longer. Conclusions. Maintaining eyelid hygiene using ESL improved the eyelid margins and symptoms of dry eye in MGD patients and increased eyelash length. These findings are promising and warrant confirmation in a larger randomized controlled study.

scholarly journals Androgen and meibomian gland dysfunction: from basic molecular biology to clinical applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 915-922
Author(s):  
Li-Xiang Wang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
The Body ◽  
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Eye Symptoms ◽  
Dry Eye Symptoms

Meibomian gland, the largest sebaceous gland of the body, is responsible for the biosynthesis of lipid layer of the tear film to prevent excessive evaporation. The loss of normal functions of meibomian gland, known as meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), is a chronic disease and is the leading cause of dry eye symptoms in the clinics. Studies have found sex hormones, especially androgen, play vital roles in the regulation of the functions of meibomian gland. Recently, androgen has also been preliminarily applied in clinics for the treatment of MGD and showed promising results, especially in people with endogenous androgen deficiency. This review summarized the mechanisms of the function of androgen on meibomian gland based on molecular, animal, and clinical studies, and proposed evidence-based views about its potential applications for the treatment of MGD.

Focused ultrasound stimulation on meibomian glands for the treatment of evaporative dry eye

2021 ◽  
pp. 153537022110520
Author(s):  
Gengxi Lu ◽  
Sumanth Gollapudi ◽  
Runze Li ◽  
Margaret L Pfeiffer ◽  
Preeya Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ultrasound Stimulation ◽  
Evaporative Dry Eye ◽  
Meibomian Glands

Current treatments for meibomian gland dysfunction have several limitations, creating a necessity for other advanced treatment options. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of focused ultrasound stimulation for the treatment of dry eye disease caused by meibomian gland dysfunction. An in vivo study of nine Dutch Belted rabbits was conducted with focused ultrasound stimulation of the meibomian glands. A customized line-focused ultrasonic transducer was designed for treatment. Fluorescein imaging, Schirmer’s test, and Lipiview II ocular interferometer were used to quantify outcomes from three aspects: safety, tear production, and lipid layer thickness. Both tear secretion and lipid layer thickness improved following ultrasound treatment. Five to 10 min after the ultrasound treatment, the mean values of lipid layer thickness increased from 55.33 ± 11.15 nm to 95.67 ± 22.77 nm ( p < 0.05), while the mean values measured with the Schirmer’s test increased from 2.0 ± 2.3 to 7.2 ± 4.3 ( p < 0.05). Positive effects lasted more than three weeks. Adverse events such as redness, swelling, and mild burn, occurred in two rabbits in preliminary experiments when the eyelids sustained a temperature higher than 42°C. No serious adverse events were found. The results suggest that ultrasound stimulation of meibomian glands can improve both tear production and lipid secretion. Ultimately, ultrasound stimulation has the potential to be an option for the treatment of evaporative dry eye disease caused by meibomian gland dysfunction.

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