scholarly journals Comparison of inequity in health-related quality of life among unemployed and employed individuals in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaxin Zhao ◽  
Zhongliang Zhou ◽  
Xiaojing Fan ◽  
Rashed Nawaz ◽  
Dantong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
Basic Health Insurance ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Unemployed

Abstract Background In China, achieving health equity has been regarded as a key issue for health reform and development in the current context. It is well known that unemployment has a negative effect on health. However, few studies have addressed the association between unemployment and inequity in health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This study aims to compare the inequality and inequity in HRQOL between the unemployed and employed in China. Methods The material regarding this study was derived from the Chinese National Health Services Survey of Shaanxi Province for 2013. We controlled for confounding factors by utilizing the coarsened exact matching method. Finally, 7524 employed individuals and 283 unemployed individuals who were 15 to 64 years old in urban areas were included in this study. We used HRQOL as the outcome variable, which was evaluated by using the Chinese version of EQ-5D-3L. The health concentration index, decomposition analysis based on the Tobit model, and the horizontal inequity index were employed to compute the socioeconomic-related equity between the unemployed and employed and the contribution of various factors. Results After matching, unemployed people tended to have poorer EQ-5D utility scores than employed people. There were statistically pro-rich inequalities in HRQOL among both employed and unemployed people, and the pro-rich health inequity of unemployed people was substantially higher than that of employed people. Economic status, age, education, smoking and health insurance were the factors influencing inequality in HRQOL between employed and unemployed individuals. Education status and basic health insurance have reduced the pro-rich inequity in HRQOL for unemployed people. Conclusion It is suggested that unemployment intensifies inequality and inequity in HRQOL. According to policymakers, basic health insurance is still a critical health policy for improving health equity for the unemployed. Intervention initiatives aiming to tackle long-term unemployment through active labour market programmes, narrow economic gaps, improve educational equity and promote the health status of the unemployed should be considered by the government to achieve health equity.

scholarly journals Comparison of inequity in health-related quality of life among unemployed and employed in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-xin Zhao ◽  
Zhongliang Zhou ◽  
Xiao-jing Fan ◽  
Rashed Nawaz ◽  
Dan-tong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Horizontal Inequity ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
Basic Health ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Unemployed

Abstract Background In China, achieving the health equity has been regarded as a key issue of health reforms and development in the current stage. It is well known that unemployment have a negative effect on health. However, few studies have addressed the association between unemployment and the inequity of health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The study aims to compare the inequality and inequity in HRQOL among the unemployed and employed in China. Methods The material regarding this study has been illustrated from the Chinese National Health Services Survey (NHSS) of Shaanxi Province for 2013. We have controlled the confounding factors by the utilization of coarsened exact matching method (CEM). Finally, 7,524 employed individuals and 283 unemployed individuals were aged 15 to 64 in urban area has been incorporated for this study. We use HRQOL as the outcome variable, which was evaluated by the Chinese version of EQ-5D-3L. Health concentration index, decomposition analysis based on the Tobit model and the horizontal inequity index were employed to compute the income-related equity and the contribution of factors among the unemployed and employed. Results After matching, unemployed people tended to express poorer EQ-5D utility than employed people. The horizontal inequity indices among employed and unemployed people were 0.0020 and 0.0077 respectively, demonstrating that the pro-rich health inequity of unemployed people was a great deal superior to employed people. Economic status, age, education, smoking and health insurances are the main impact factors that affect the inequality in HRQOL among employed and unemployed. Education status and basic health insurances reduce the pro-rich inequity in HRQOL for the unemployed. Conclusion It is suggested that unemployment intensifies the inequality and inequity in HRQOL. In view of the policy makers, the basic health insurances are still a critical health policy for improving health equity of the unemployed. Re-employment programs, the socialization of medical health insurances, initiatives to improve educational equity and the psychological counseling for the unemployed should be considered by government to attain health equity.

scholarly journals Health related quality of life among children with Type I diabetes, Assiut city, Egypt

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzoka A. Gadallah ◽  
Taghreed Abdul-Aziz M. Ismail ◽  
Naglaa Saad Abdel Aty
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Type I ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Objective: Health related quality of life (HRQOL) is a multidimensional construct that includes physical and psychosocial functioning, has emerged as an important outcome in pediatric population with chronic health conditions. The study objectives are to measure the quality of life among children with type I diabetes compared to healthy peers and to determine factors affecting the QOL among children with type I diabetes.Methods: Analytic cross sectional study was conducted in Sidi Galal health insurance outpatient clinic for children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and a comparison group of healthy peers was taken from other outpatient clinics. A total of four hundred and twelve children, aged from 8-18 years with type 1 diabetes and four hundred and twelve healthy peers matched in age and sex were interviewed. Three tools were used for this study: Demographic questionnaire, Socio-economic scale, and Peds QL4.0 Generic Core Scale was used to measure HRQOL.Results: The mean age of studied children was 12.9 ± 3.2. More than 60% of children with diabetes had uncontrolled glycemic level and 60% of them were in low socio-economic level. Children with diabetes had significantly lower HRQOL than healthy children in all domains. Age, glycemic control status and birth order of the diabetic children showed no significance difference regarding the QOL. Disease duration affected only the emotional function of the QOL and females showed significantly higher score regarding school functioning. Social, school and the total QOL scores were significantly higher among children with highly educated mothers while father's education affected the emotional, school and total QOL scores. Children in the middle and high social class showed significantly higher scores regarding social, school and total QOL. Presence of diabetic parent positively affected the social functioning while had negative effect on the school function of children with type I diabetes.Conclusions and recommendations: Diabetes is negatively affecting all the QOL functioning of the children. We recommend that Integrated programs between child's home, school and health insurance clinics for educating and supporting children with diabetes to improve their HRQOL.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of timely versus delayed primary total hip replacement in Germany: A social health insurance perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben E. Mujica-Mota ◽  
Leala K. Watson ◽  
Rosanna Tarricone ◽  
Marcus Jäger
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Total Hip Replacement ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Social Health Insurance ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Without clinical guideline on the optimal timing for primary total hip replacement (THR), patients often receive the operation with delay. Delaying THR may negatively affect long-term health-related quality of life, but its economic effects are unclear. We evaluated the costs and health benefits of timely primary THR for functionally independent adult patients with end-stage osteoarthritis (OA) compared to non-surgical therapy followed by THR after progression to functional dependence (delayed THR), and non-surgical therapy alone (Medical Therapy), from a German Social Health Insurance (SHI) perspective. Data from hip arthroplasty registers and a systematic review of the published literature were used to populate a tunnel-state modified Markov lifetime model of OA treatment in Germany. A 5% annual discount rate was applied to costs (2013 prices) and health outcomes (Quality Adjusted Life Years, QALY). The expected future average cost of timely THR, delayed THR and medical therapy in women at age 55 were €27,474, €27,083 and €28,263, and QALYs were 20.7, 16.7, and 10.3, respectively. QALY differences were entirely due to health-related quality of life differences. The discounted cost per QALY gained by timely over delayed (median delay of 11 years) THR was €1270 and €1338 in women treated at age 55 and age 65, respectively, and slightly higher than this for men. Timely THR is cost-effective, generating large quality of life benefits for patients at low additional cost to the SHI. With declining healthcare budgets, research is needed to identify the characteristics of those able to benefit the most from timely THR.

scholarly journals Self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and factors affecting HRQoL among individuals with health insurance in Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. e2016046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Kazemi Karyani ◽  
Arash Rashidian ◽  
Sarar Emamgholipour Sefiddashti ◽  
Ali Akbari Sari
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Reported Health

scholarly journals Health-related Quality of Life and Socio-economic Status of the Unemployed

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Daniel Puciato ◽  
Michał Rozpara ◽  
Marek Bugdol ◽  
Piotr Oleśniewicz ◽  
Helena Jáčová
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Unemployed
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