scholarly journals Association between electronic cigarette use and tobacco cigarette smoking initiation in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doireann O’Brien ◽  
Jean Long ◽  
Joan Quigley ◽  
Caitriona Lee ◽  
Anne McCarthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
North America ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Tobacco Cigarette ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Background This systematic review of prospective longitudinal primary studies sought to determine whether electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use by teenagers who had never smoked conventional tobacco cigarettes (tobacco cigarettes) at baseline was associated with subsequently commencing tobacco cigarette smoking. Methods The review followed the principles of a systematic review and meta-analysis. A key word search identified peer-reviewed articles published between 1 January 2005 and 2 October 2019 from seven bibliographic databases and one search engine. Using pre-prepared inclusion/exclusion criteria two researchers independently screened abstracts, and subsequently, full text papers. Selected articles were quality assessed in duplicate. Data on study participants characteristics, exposure and outcome measures were recorded in an adapted Cochrane Data Extraction Form. Feasibility assessment was done to detect clinical heterogeneity and choose an approach to meta-analysis. Analysis comprised pairwise random effects meta-analyses, and sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Results From the 6619 studies identified, 14 one-off primary studies in 21 articles were suitable for inclusion. The participants ages ranged from 13 to 19 years and comprised teenagers based in Europe and North America. Nine of the 14 one-off studies, with follow-up periods between 4 and 24 months, met the criteria for inclusion in a meta-analysis of the association between ever use of e-cigarettes and subsequent initiation of tobacco cigarette use. Based on primary study adjusted odds ratios, our meta-analysis calculated a 4.06 (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.00–5.48, I2 68%, 9 primary studies) times higher odds of commencing tobacco cigarette smoking for teenagers who had ever used e-cigarettes at baseline, though the odds ratio were marginally lower (to 3.71 times odds, 95%CI: 2.83–4. 86, I2 35%, 4 primary studies) when only the four high-quality studies were analysed. Conclusion The systematic review found that e-cigarette use was associated with commencement of tobacco cigarette smoking among teenagers in Europe and North America, identifying an important health-related harm. Given the availability and usage of e-cigarettes, this study provides added support for urgent response by policymakers to stop their use by teenagers to decrease direct harms in this susceptible population group, as well as to conserve achievements in diminishing tobacco cigarette initiation.

scholarly journals Association between electronic cigarette use and tobacco cigarette smoking initiation in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doireann O'Brien ◽  
Jean Long ◽  
Joan Quigley ◽  
Caitriona Lee ◽  
Anne McCarthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
North America ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Tobacco Cigarette

Abstract Aim: This systematic review of prospective longitudinal primary studies aimed to explore whether electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use by adolescents who had never smoked conventional tobacco cigarettes (tobacco cigarettes) at baseline was associated with subsequent initiation of tobacco cigarette smoking. Methods: This study followed the principles of a systematic review and meta-analysis. A key word search identified peer-reviewed literature published between 1 January 2005 and 2 October 2019 from seven bibliographic databases and one search engine. Using predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria two authors independently screened abstracts, and subsequently, full text papers. Eligible papers were quality assessed by two authors. Data on population characteristics, exposure and outcome measures were extracted into an adapted Cochrane Data Extraction Form. Statistical analysis was preceded by a feasibility assessment, and included pairwise random effects meta-analyses, and sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Findings: From an initial 6,619 studies, 14 unique primary studies in 21 papers were identified. The studies’ populations ages ranged from 13 to 19 years at baseline and comprised teenagers based in Europe and North America. Nine of the 14 unique studies, with follow-up periods between 4 and 24 months, were eligible for inclusion in a meta-analysis of the association between ever use of e-cigarettes and subsequent initiation of tobacco cigarette use. Based on primary study adjusted odds ratios, our meta-analysis calculated a 4.06 (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.00-5.48) times higher odds of initiating tobacco cigarette smoking for those who had ever used e-cigarettes at baseline, although the odds ratio decreased marginally (to 3.71 times odds, 95%CI: 2.83-4. 86) when only the four high-quality studies were analysed. The initial meta-analysis model had a high statistical heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis restricted to high-quality studies had moderate heterogeneity.Conclusion: The systematic review found that e-cigarette use was associated with commencement of tobacco cigarette smoking among teenagers in Europe and North America, identifying an important public health harm. Given the widespread availability and use of e-cigarettes, this study further supports urgent action by policymakers to prevent their use by teenagers to reduce direct harms in this vulnerable population group, as well as to protect gains in reducing tobacco cigarette initiation.

scholarly journals Association between electronic cigarette use and tobacco cigarette smoking initiation in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doireann O'Brien ◽  
Jean Long ◽  
Joan Quigley ◽  
Caitriona Lee ◽  
Anne McCarthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
North America ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Tobacco Cigarette ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity

Abstract Aim: This systematic review of longitudinal cohort studies aimed to explore whether electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use by adolescents, in Europe and North America, who had never smoked conventional tobacco cigarettes (tobacco cigarettes) at baseline was associated with subsequent initiation of tobacco cigarette smoking. Methods: A key word search identified peer-reviewed literature published between 1 January 2005 and 2 October 2019 from seven bibliographic databases and one search engine. Using a predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria two authors independently screened abstracts, and subsequently, full text papers. Eligible papers were quality assessed and scored by two authors. Included papers had data on population characteristics, exposure and outcome measures extracted into an adapted Cochrane Data Extraction Form. Statistical analysis was preceded by a feasibility assessment, and included a pairwise random effects meta-analysis, and sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Findings: From an initial 6,619 studies (6,510 papers from the initial searches, plus 109 papers from supplemental searches), 14 unique studies in 21 papers were identified. Nine of the 14 unique longitudinal studies with follow-up periods between 4 and 24 months were eligible for inclusion in a meta-analysis of the association between ever use of e-cigarettes and subsequent initiation of tobacco cigarette use. Based on primary study adjusted odds ratios, our meta-analysis calculated a 4.06 (95%confidence interval (CI): 3.00-5.48) times higher odds of initiating tobacco cigarette smoking for those who had ever used e-cigarettes at baseline, although the odds ratio was reduced slightly (to 3.71 times odds, 95%CI: 2.83-4. 86) when only the four high-quality studies were included. The initial meta-analysis model had a moderate to high statistical heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis restricted to high-quality studies had a low to moderate statistical heterogeneity. Conclusion: The systematic review found that e-cigarette use was associated with initiation of tobacco cigarette smoking among adolescents in Europe and North America, identifying a potentially serious public health harm. Given the widespread availability and use of e-cigarettes, this study further supports urgent action by policymakers to prevent their use by adolescents to reduce direct harms in this vulnerable population group as well as to protect gains in reducing tobacco cigarette initiation.

scholarly journals Association between electronic cigarette use and tobacco cigarette smoking initiation in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doireann O'Brien ◽  
Jean Long ◽  
Joan Quigley ◽  
Caitriona Lee ◽  
Anne McCarthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
North America ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Tobacco Cigarette ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity

Abstract Aim: This systematic review of longitudinal cohort studies aimed to explore whether electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use by adolescents who had never smoked conventional tobacco cigarettes (tobacco cigarettes) at baseline was associated with subsequent initiation of tobacco cigarette smoking. The analysis included studies based in Europe and North America. Methods: This study followed all the principles of a systematic review and meta-analysis. A key word search identified peer-reviewed literature published between 1 January 2005 and 2 October 2019 from seven bibliographic databases and one search engine. Using a predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria two authors independently screened abstracts, and subsequently, full text papers. Eligible papers were quality assessed and scored by two authors. Included papers had data on population characteristics, exposure and outcome measures extracted into an adapted Cochrane Data Extraction Form. Statistical analysis was preceded by a feasibility assessment, and included a pairwise random effects meta-analysis, and sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Findings: From an initial 6,619 studies, 14 unique studies in 21 papers were identified. Overall, the studies populations were between 13 and 19 years at baseline. Nine of the 14 unique longitudinal studies with follow-up periods between 4 and 24 months were eligible for inclusion in a meta-analysis of the association between ever use of e-cigarettes and subsequent initiation of tobacco cigarette use. Based on primary study adjusted odds ratios, our meta-analysis calculated a 4.06 (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.00-5.48) times higher odds of initiating tobacco cigarette smoking for those who had ever used e-cigarettes at baseline, although the odds ratio was reduced slightly (to 3.71 times odds, 95%CI: 2.83-4. 86) when only the four high-quality studies were included. The initial meta-analysis model had a moderate to high statistical heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis restricted to high-quality studies had a low to moderate statistical heterogeneity.Conclusion: The systematic review found that e-cigarette use was associated with initiation of tobacco cigarette smoking among adolescents in Europe and North America, identifying a potentially serious public health harm. Given the widespread availability and use of e-cigarettes, this study further supports urgent action by policymakers to prevent their use by adolescents to reduce direct harms in this vulnerable population group, as well as to protect gains in reducing tobacco cigarette initiation.

scholarly journals E-cigarette use and combustible tobacco cigarette smoking uptake among non-smokers, including relapse in former smokers: umbrella review, systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e045603
Author(s):  
Olivia Nina Baenziger ◽  
Laura Ford ◽  
Amelia Yazidjoglou ◽  
Grace Joshy ◽  
Emily Banks
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Review Systematic ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Smoking Uptake ◽  
Never Smokers

ObjectiveTo review and summarise the current evidence on the uptake of combustible cigarette smoking following e-cigarette use in non-smokers—including never-smokers, people not currently smoking and past smokers—through an umbrella review, systematic review and meta-analysis.DesignUmbrella review, systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsychINFO (Ovid), Medline (Ovid) and Wiley Cochrane Library up to April 2020.ResultsOf 6225 results, 25 studies of non-smokers—never, not current and former smokers—with a baseline measure of e-cigarette use and an outcome measure of combustible smoking uptake were included. All 25 studies found increased risk of smoking uptake with e-cigarette exposure, although magnitude varied substantially. Using a random-effects model, comparing e-cigarette users versus non-e-cigarette users, among never-smokers at baseline the OR for smoking initiation was 3.25 (95% CI 2.61 to 4.05, I2 85.7%) and among non-smokers at baseline the OR for current smoking was 2.87 (95% CI 1.97 to 4.19, I2 90.1%). Among former smokers, smoking relapse was higher in e-cigarette users versus non-users (OR=2.40, 95% CI 1.50 to 3.83, I2 12.3%).ConclusionsAcross multiple settings, non-smokers who use e-cigarettes are consistently more likely than those avoiding e-cigarettes to initiate combustible cigarette smoking and become current smokers. The magnitude of this risk varied, with an average of around three times the odds. Former smokers using e-cigarettes have over twice the odds of relapse as non-e-cigarettes users. This study is the first to our knowledge to review and pool data on the latter topic.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020168596.

scholarly journals Prospective association between use of electronic cigarettes and use of conventional cigarettes - a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 00976-2020
Author(s):  
Louise Adermark ◽  
Maria Rosaria Galanti ◽  
Charlotta Ryk ◽  
Hans Gilljam ◽  
Linnea Hedman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Prospective Association ◽  
Never Smokers

ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the association between e-cigarette use and subsequent initiation or recurrence of cigarette smoking.Data sourcesA systematic literature search was finalised November 11, 2019 using PubMed incl. Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed Health, NICE evidence search, PROSPERO, CRD, and PsycInfo.Study selectionStudies were included if meeting the following criteria: reporting empirical results; longitudinal observational design with a minimum of 3 months of follow-up; including general population samples; allowing for the comparison between users and non-users of e-cigarettes. Studies rated as having high risk of bias were excluded. Studies were independently assessed by at least two authors. The procedures described by PRISMA were followed, and the quality of evidence was rated using GRADE.Data synthesisThirty longitudinal studies from 22 different cohorts assessing e-cigarette use among non- or never-smokers at baseline, and subsequent use of cigarette smoking at follow-up, were included in this review. A random-effects meta-analysis based on 89 076 participants showed a pooled unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of cigarette smoking among baseline non-smokers e-cigarette users compared with non-users of 4.68 (CI 3.64–6.02), while the adjusted OR was 3.37 (CI 2.68–4.24). These results were consistent irrespective of whether the outcome was measured as ever smoking or as past 30-day smoking. The evidence was graded as moderate.ConclusionsUse of e-cigarettes may predict the initiation or recurrence of cigarette smoking.

scholarly journals Electronic cigarette use and smoking cessation in cohort studies and randomized trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (October) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Linnea Hedman ◽  
Maria Galanti ◽  
Lotta Ryk ◽  
Hans Gilljam ◽  
Louise Adermark
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use

Immediate physiological effects of acute Electronic Cigarette use in humans: a systematic review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 106684
Author(s):  
Florent Larue ◽  
Tasfia Tasbih ◽  
Paula.A.B. Ribeiro ◽  
Kim L. Lavoie ◽  
Emilie Dolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Cigarette Use

scholarly journals Neurophysiological changes of brain and spinal cord in individuals with patellofemoral pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e049882
Author(s):  
Jing Nong Liang ◽  
Savanna Budge ◽  
Austin Madriaga ◽  
Kara Meske ◽  
Derrick Nguyenton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Randomised Control Trial ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord

IntroductionReduced neuromuscular control due to altered neurophysiological functions of the central nervous system has been suggested to cause movement deficits in individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP). However, the underlying neurophysiological measures of brain and spinal cord in this population remain to be poorly understood. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the evidence for altered cortical and spinal cord functions in individuals with PFP.Methods and analysisThe protocol for conducting the review was prepared using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines. We will systematically search the literature that examines cortical and spinal cord functions in individuals with PFP, aged 18–45 years. The studies for cross-sectional, prospective, longitudinal, case–control and randomised control trial designs will be included from the following databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE and Web of Science. Only studies published in English prior to 1 February 2021 will be included. The risk of bias and quality assessment will be performed using National Institutes of Health’s Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. We will conduct meta-analysis of the data where appropriate. Narrative synthesis will be taken if a meta-analysis is not possible.Ethics and disseminationThis is a systematic review from the existing literature and does not require ethical approval. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal in the field of rehabilitation medicine, sports/orthopaedic medicine or neurology, regardless of the outcome.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020212128.

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