scholarly journals Parental care status and sexual risk behavior in five nationally-representative surveys of sub-Saharan African nations

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Elizabeth Neville ◽  
Indrani Saran ◽  
Thomas M. Crea
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Biological Parents ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background About 10% of children worldwide do not live with either of their biological parents, and although some of these children are orphans, many have living parents. While research shows that orphaned children in Sub-Saharan Africa tend to engage in more sexual risk behaviors than their peers, possibly due to decreased parental oversight and support, it is unclear if these effects also apply to children separated from their living parents. Exploring the question of whether living without parents, regardless of whether they are deceased, is linked to greater sexual risk-taking, this study is the first, to our knowledge, to examine correlates of parental care status in a multi-country, nationally-representative analysis. Methods This study was a secondary analysis of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Violence Against Children Surveys from Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Nigeria, and Zambia. We conducted logistic regressions on N = 6770 surveys of youth aged 13 to 17 years to determine if living with their biological parents predicted the odds of engaging in risky sexual behavior, controlling for demographic factors including orphanhood. Post-hoc regressions examined specific risk behaviors. Results Compared to those living with both parents, youth not living with either parent had heightened odds of engaging in any sexual risk behavior, even when controlling for orphanhood (OR = 2.56, 95% CI: [1.96, 3.33]). Non-parental care predicted heightened odds of non-condom use (OR = 3.35, 95% CI: [2.38, 4.72]), early sexual debut (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: [1.31, 2.46]), and more sexual partners (β = .60, p < .001). Conclusions This study extends prior research linking orphanhood and sexual risk behavior, lending credence to the idea that it is not parental death, but rather parental absence, that leads to sexual risk in youth. Public health programming in Sub-Saharan Africa should consider targeting not only “orphaned youth,” but all children separated from their parents.

scholarly journals Young people’s and stakeholders’ perspectives of adolescent sexual risk behavior in Kilifi County, Kenya: A qualitative study

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derrick Ssewanyana ◽  
Patrick N Mwangala ◽  
Vicki Marsh ◽  
Irene Jao ◽  
Anneloes van Baar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Risk Behavior ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partnerships

A lack of research exists around the most common forms of sexual risk behaviors among adolescents, including their underlying factors, in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using an Ecological Model of Adolescent Behavior, we explore the perceptions of 85 young people and 10 stakeholders on sexual risk behavior of adolescents in Kilifi County on the coast of Kenya. Our findings show that transactional sex, early sexual debut, coerced sex, and multiple sexual partnerships are prevalent. An urgent need exists to develop measures to counter sexual risk behaviors. The results contribute to understanding the range of risks and protective factors in differing contexts, tackling underlying issues at individual, family, local institutional, wider socio-economic, and political levels.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Sexual Risk Behavior of Men Who Never Tested for HIV in Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 155798832110633
Author(s):  
Maureen Muchimba ◽  
Cosmas Zyambo
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Sexual Risk Behavior ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Sub Saharan

Compared with women and girls, proportionately fewer men and boys in sub-Saharan Africa receive HIV testing, treatment, and other services. This study determined factors associated with never testing for HIV and examined never testing as a predictor of sexual risk behavior among men in Zambia. The sample included 2,609 men aged 15 to 24 from the 2018 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey. Logistic regression results revealed that compared with men who ever tested for HIV, men who never tested were more likely to be younger, have less education, have no children, be unemployed, and belong to the low wealth bracket. They also had a higher likelihood of not using a condom at last sex but were less likely to have more than five lifetime sexual partners. HIV prevention programs can use sociodemographic characteristics to identify those who have a lower likelihood of testing for HIV. Prevention programs can use sociodemographic characteristics to develop profiles of those who may especially need to be targeted by initiatives to promote HIV testing. Awareness does not always engender behavior change; therefore, in addition to knowledge of HIV status, risk reduction should also be emphasized.

scholarly journals Awareness, Gender Variations, Consequences of Sexual Risk Behavior and Adopted Solutions among Senior Secondary Schools Adolescents in Owerri, Nigeria.

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Chinomnso Nnebue ◽  
Chukwuma Duru ◽  
Stanley Onah ◽  
Kenechi Uwakwe ◽  
Achunam Nwabueze
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Sexual Risk Behavior ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviors ◽  
School Type ◽  
Senior Secondary ◽  
Gender Variations

In our area, there is dearth of accurate sex education that could equip adolescents in making informed decisions on sexual issues. This scenario has been linked to a high prevalence of sexual risk behaviors, consequences and poor choices with regard to solutions. Objective: To determine the awareness, gender variations, consequences of sexual risk behavior, and adopted solutions among senior secondary school adolescents in Owerri, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross sectional survey of 384 in-school adolescents in Owerri, Nigeria, selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using pretested self-administered semi- structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.22 (p<0.05). Results: The majority of adolescents, i.e. 306 (82.5%), were aware of sexual risk behaviors, 340 (91.6%) had received some sex education, and 296 (79.8%) were aware of contraceptives. Key sources of information on sexuality were schools and parents. In total, 54 (14.1%) participants were sexually active, 12 (22.2%) reported ever having an STI, and 9 (75%) had been treated in hospital. Also, 8 (14.8%) of the 54 had dealt with a pregnancy; 7 (87.5%) had undergone an abortion, 3 (42.9%) in a hospital. Sexual risk behaviors among males were associated with age (p=0.002), school type (p=0.002), and alcohol intake (p=0.000), while the residence of the parents had a stronger influence among females (p=0.014). Conclusions: This study found high awareness of sexual issues, mainly sourced from schools and parents. Associations were made between sexual risk behaviors and gender differences (age, school type, and alcohol intake in males, parental residence among females). The consequences of sexual risk behaviors were early pregnancy and STIs, with poor solutions adopted.

Sexual risk behavior and HIV infection among adolescents in secondary schools in Jos, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
C John ◽  
SN Okolo ◽  
C Isichei
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Sexual Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Nonconsensual Sex ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviours

Background: In adolescents sexual risk behaviours are believed to enhance the transmission of HIV infection. This study, therefore aims to examine prevalent sexual risk behaviours of adolescents in secondary schools in a town in northern Nigeria and its relation to HIV infection.Method: A total of 883 subjects drawn from 10 schools out of 37, were recruited for the study. Structured self administered questionnaire was given to each subject. Consenting subjects received group pretest counseling and had HIV screening using Determine HIV test kits. HIV positive subjects had confirmatory test using Unigold test kit.Result: Males accounted for 42.5% (374) out of the 883 students studied. Of this, 169 (19.2%) were sexually active. Mean age at sexual debut was 13.8±2.9 years; 13.3±2.7 years for males and 14.6±3.2 years for females, p=0.006. Males 101 (27%) were more sexually experienced as against 13.4% of the females, p<0.0001. Among the sexually active37.6% had two or more sex partners, and 63.9% of them never used condoms. In the sexually active, 54 (42.5%) had nonconsensual sex (NCS), with more of NCS occurring in younger subjects p<0.0001, more females p<0.0001, associated with less condom use (p=0.02). Nine (eight females and one male) of the 883 subjects tested HIV positive. among the sexually active subjects, only four tested HIV positive. Condom use among the sexually active, HIV positive subjects was 25%.Conclusion: Prevalent sexual risk behaviors noted were early sexual debut, nonconsensual sex, unprotected sex and multiple sex partners.Key words: Adolescents, Sexual risk behavior, HIV infection, Jos

scholarly journals Sex in the city

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-178
Author(s):  
Mathudara Phaiyarom ◽  
Montakarn Chuemchit
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Risk Behavior ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sexual Activities

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the sexual risk behavior and sexual harassment among female beer promoters in Chiang Mai, Thailand and analyze the associations among demographic data, sexual activities, sexual orientation, attitudes and working conditions based on the level of sexual harassment. Design/methodology/approach This study is a cross-sectional study that approached 184 Thai female beer promoters in Chiang Mai by a snowball sampling technique. Data were collected through a self-administrative questionnaire to find demographic data, sexual activities, sexual orientation, attitudes, sexual risk behavior and sexual harassment while working as a beer promoter. Descriptive, Pearson’s χ2 and Fisher exact tests were performed to describe and determine the associations. Findings The findings highlight that sexual risk behaviors and sexual harassment are found among female beer promoters. In total, 62.5 percent of them ever had sexual intercourse and 25.2 percent did not use condom. For sexual harassment, most of respondents had experienced a medium level harassment especially verbal harassment (73.9 percent). It associated with currently student status (p=0.038), having sexual intercourse experience (p=0.024), and type of job (p=0.002). Originality/value This paper explores the sexual risk behaviors and sexual harassment among female beer promoters in the northern part of Thailand, containing the information on how common are the types of sexual risk behavior and sexual harassment experiences among a specific and hard-to-reach population.

scholarly journals Sexual Risk Behavior among Youths of Nepal: Further analysis of Nepal Demographic Health Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Sampurna Kakchapati ◽  
Sumina Oli ◽  
Dikshika Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Risk Behavior ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviors ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
The Body ◽  
Premarital Sex

Background: The period of youth is the time of major physical changes in the body that precedes psychosocial maturity. The curious mind of youths predisposes them to practice sexual risk behaviors. The aim of this study is to identify the sexual risk behavior and factors associated with sexual behaviors among youths of Nepal. Methodology: This was a retrospective analysis of 6524 youths aged 15-24 years using data obtained from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey for the year 2016.  The outcome was sexual behaviors and the determinants were socio-demographic characteristics and smoking. Statistical analysis was done using chi-square tests to assess statistically significant associations between determinants and outcome. In order to identify the most important determinants with the outcome, significant predictors in the univariate analysis were then included in logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of premarital sex among the youths was 5.2%, nearly half of them were sexually active and 5.5% had multiple sex partners. Variables that were significantly associated with premarital sex in the presence of other variables included male gender (AOR=6.3,95% CI=4.3,13.2) and smoker (AOR=2.4, 95%CI=1.8,3.16). Variables that were significantly associated with recent sexual activity in the presence of other variables included female gender (AOR=1.36,95%CI=1.18,1.58), age group (AOR=8.3,95% CI= 7.3,9.3), rural residence (AOR=1.4, 95% CI=1.26,1.62), illiterate youths (AOR=4.34,95% CI=3.27,5.76), poor wealth index (AOR=0.6, 95% CI=0.5,0.68) and smoker (AOR=3.38,95% CI=2.57,4.46). Variables that were significantly associated with multiple sexual partners in the presence of other variables included male gender (AOR=5.5, 95% CI=2.58,7.05) and smoker (AOR=2.2,95% CI=1.6,3.05).  Conclusion: The male and smoker youths were more likely to practice all forms of sexual risk behaviors. This study recommends the need for further studies to understand the factors responsible for sexual risk behavior among youths. Furthermore, it is imperative to provide comprehensive sexuality education for youths.

Unwanted Online Sexual Solicitation and Online Sexual Risk Behavior

2012 ◽  
pp. 828-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne E. Baumgartner ◽  
Patti M. Valkenburg ◽  
Jochen Peter
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviors ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Sexual Solicitation ◽  
Older Adolescents

In recent years, there have been growing concerns about online sexual solicitations and online sexual risk behaviors. Recent studies suggest that only a minority of adolescents is confronted with online sexual solicitations or engages in online sexual risk behavior. Whereas more girls encounter incidences of online sexual solicitations, gender differences in online sexual risk behavior are relatively small. Older adolescents are more at risk of receiving online sexual solicitations and are also more likely to engage in online sexual risk behavior. Adolescents do not engage in online sexual risk behavior more frequently than adults, and they seem to be quite aware of the potential negative consequences of this behavior. Adolescents who encounter online sexual solicitations or engage in online sexual risk behavior typically also encounter problems in their offline lives.

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