Sexual Risk Behavior among Youths of Nepal: Further analysis of Nepal Demographic Health Survey

Background: The period of youth is the time of major physical changes in the body that precedes psychosocial maturity. The curious mind of youths predisposes them to practice sexual risk behaviors. The aim of this study is to identify the sexual risk behavior and factors associated with sexual behaviors among youths of Nepal. Methodology: This was a retrospective analysis of 6524 youths aged 15-24 years using data obtained from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey for the year 2016. The outcome was sexual behaviors and the determinants were socio-demographic characteristics and smoking. Statistical analysis was done using chi-square tests to assess statistically significant associations between determinants and outcome. In order to identify the most important determinants with the outcome, significant predictors in the univariate analysis were then included in logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of premarital sex among the youths was 5.2%, nearly half of them were sexually active and 5.5% had multiple sex partners. Variables that were significantly associated with premarital sex in the presence of other variables included male gender (AOR=6.3,95% CI=4.3,13.2) and smoker (AOR=2.4, 95%CI=1.8,3.16). Variables that were significantly associated with recent sexual activity in the presence of other variables included female gender (AOR=1.36,95%CI=1.18,1.58), age group (AOR=8.3,95% CI= 7.3,9.3), rural residence (AOR=1.4, 95% CI=1.26,1.62), illiterate youths (AOR=4.34,95% CI=3.27,5.76), poor wealth index (AOR=0.6, 95% CI=0.5,0.68) and smoker (AOR=3.38,95% CI=2.57,4.46). Variables that were significantly associated with multiple sexual partners in the presence of other variables included male gender (AOR=5.5, 95% CI=2.58,7.05) and smoker (AOR=2.2,95% CI=1.6,3.05). Conclusion: The male and smoker youths were more likely to practice all forms of sexual risk behaviors. This study recommends the need for further studies to understand the factors responsible for sexual risk behavior among youths. Furthermore, it is imperative to provide comprehensive sexuality education for youths.

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Awareness, Gender Variations, Consequences of Sexual Risk Behavior and Adopted Solutions among Senior Secondary Schools Adolescents in Owerri, Nigeria.

International Journal of Medical and Surgical Sciences ◽

10.32457/ijmss.2018.014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 50-58

Author(s):

Chinomnso Nnebue ◽

Chukwuma Duru ◽

Stanley Onah ◽

Kenechi Uwakwe ◽

Achunam Nwabueze

Keyword(s):

Risk Behavior ◽

Sexual Risk ◽

Risk Behaviors ◽

Sex Education ◽

Sexual Risk Behavior ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Sexual Risk Behaviors ◽

School Type ◽

Senior Secondary ◽

Gender Variations

In our area, there is dearth of accurate sex education that could equip adolescents in making informed decisions on sexual issues. This scenario has been linked to a high prevalence of sexual risk behaviors, consequences and poor choices with regard to solutions. Objective: To determine the awareness, gender variations, consequences of sexual risk behavior, and adopted solutions among senior secondary school adolescents in Owerri, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross sectional survey of 384 in-school adolescents in Owerri, Nigeria, selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using pretested self-administered semi- structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.22 (p<0.05). Results: The majority of adolescents, i.e. 306 (82.5%), were aware of sexual risk behaviors, 340 (91.6%) had received some sex education, and 296 (79.8%) were aware of contraceptives. Key sources of information on sexuality were schools and parents. In total, 54 (14.1%) participants were sexually active, 12 (22.2%) reported ever having an STI, and 9 (75%) had been treated in hospital. Also, 8 (14.8%) of the 54 had dealt with a pregnancy; 7 (87.5%) had undergone an abortion, 3 (42.9%) in a hospital. Sexual risk behaviors among males were associated with age (p=0.002), school type (p=0.002), and alcohol intake (p=0.000), while the residence of the parents had a stronger influence among females (p=0.014). Conclusions: This study found high awareness of sexual issues, mainly sourced from schools and parents. Associations were made between sexual risk behaviors and gender differences (age, school type, and alcohol intake in males, parental residence among females). The consequences of sexual risk behaviors were early pregnancy and STIs, with poor solutions adopted.

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Unwanted Online Sexual Solicitation and Online Sexual Risk Behavior

Encyclopedia of Cyber Behavior ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-0315-8.ch068 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 828-836 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Susanne E. Baumgartner ◽

Patti M. Valkenburg ◽

Jochen Peter

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

At Risk ◽

Risk Behavior ◽

Sexual Risk ◽

Risk Behaviors ◽

Sexual Risk Behavior ◽

Sexual Risk Behaviors ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Sexual Solicitation ◽

Older Adolescents

In recent years, there have been growing concerns about online sexual solicitations and online sexual risk behaviors. Recent studies suggest that only a minority of adolescents is confronted with online sexual solicitations or engages in online sexual risk behavior. Whereas more girls encounter incidences of online sexual solicitations, gender differences in online sexual risk behavior are relatively small. Older adolescents are more at risk of receiving online sexual solicitations and are also more likely to engage in online sexual risk behavior. Adolescents do not engage in online sexual risk behavior more frequently than adults, and they seem to be quite aware of the potential negative consequences of this behavior. Adolescents who encounter online sexual solicitations or engage in online sexual risk behavior typically also encounter problems in their offline lives.

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The relationships between sexual risk behaviors and general health risk behaviors among unmarried youth in Thailand

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/2050312118813284 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 205031211881328

Author(s):

Tawima Sirirassamee ◽

Dusadee Yoelao ◽

Kanu Priya Mohan ◽

Supakorn Limkhunthummo

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Health Risk ◽

Risk Behavior ◽

Sexual Risk ◽

Risk Behaviors ◽

Sexual Risk Behavior ◽

General Health ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Sexual Risk Behaviors ◽

Health Risk Behaviors

Objectives: The prevalence and correlates of sexual risk behaviors among unmarried youth in Thailand are poorly documented. The objectives of this study were to compare the differences in sexual behaviors across age groups and gender and to identify the relationships between sexual risk behaviors and general health risk behaviors among unmarried Thai youth. Methods: A population-based, nationally representative, cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and March 2013. The Thai version of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 800 unmarried Thai youth. Results: Majority of the respondents (65.9%) had not engaged in any sexual risk behavior, 18.7% had engaged in 2–3 sexual risk behaviors, and only 5.5% had engaged in a single sexual risk behavior. Current sexually active youth had higher risk of participating in physical fights (odds ratio = 3.41, 95% confidence interval = 1.53–7.57), smoking cigarette (odds ratio = 4.05, 95% confidence interval = 1.89–8.67), and drinking alcohol (odds ratio = 2.17, 95% confidence interval = 1.08–4.36). Conclusion: Thai youth were more likely to be involved in multiple sexual risk behaviors than a single sexual risk behavior. Physical fighting was the strongest general health risk behavior associated with the sexual risk behaviors, followed by substance abuse.

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Young people’s and stakeholders’ perspectives of adolescent sexual risk behavior in Kilifi County, Kenya: A qualitative study

Journal of Health Psychology ◽

10.1177/1359105317736783 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 188-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Derrick Ssewanyana ◽

Patrick N Mwangala ◽

Vicki Marsh ◽

Irene Jao ◽

Anneloes van Baar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Behavior ◽

Sexual Risk ◽

Risk Behaviors ◽

Sexual Risk Behavior ◽

Ecological Model ◽

Sexual Debut ◽

Sexual Risk Behaviors ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Multiple Sexual Partnerships

A lack of research exists around the most common forms of sexual risk behaviors among adolescents, including their underlying factors, in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using an Ecological Model of Adolescent Behavior, we explore the perceptions of 85 young people and 10 stakeholders on sexual risk behavior of adolescents in Kilifi County on the coast of Kenya. Our findings show that transactional sex, early sexual debut, coerced sex, and multiple sexual partnerships are prevalent. An urgent need exists to develop measures to counter sexual risk behaviors. The results contribute to understanding the range of risks and protective factors in differing contexts, tackling underlying issues at individual, family, local institutional, wider socio-economic, and political levels.

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Peer Education and Sexual Risk Behavior Among Adolescents: Does Urban Status Matter?

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2021.5818 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (T4) ◽

pp. 50-54

Author(s):

Sri Sumaryani ◽

Sri Andini Widya Ningrum ◽

Titi Savitri Prihatiningsih ◽

Fitri Haryanti ◽

Agus Gunadi

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Health ◽

Risk Behavior ◽

Sexual Risk ◽

Risk Behaviors ◽

Sexual Risk Behavior ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Sexual Risk Behaviors ◽

Peer Education ◽

Rank Test ◽

Test Model

BACKGROUND: As a result of elevated sexual risk behaviors among teenagers, millions of adolescents face sexual and reproductive health challenges, including high rates of an unfulfilled need for contraceptives, unintended pregnancy, and unsafe abortion. To develop their skills and prevent adolescent sexual activity from being unsafe, especially in urban areas, teachers and peers were advised that teaching adolescents about reproductive health should be carried out at any school. AIM: This study aims to evaluate the effect of peer education on the prevention of adolescent activity at sexual risk in urban areas. METHODS: This research was a pre-experimental quantitative approach with a one-group pre-post-test model. The survey used in this study had 63 respondents. Samples were collected using a purposeful sampling process. The research was conducted in April at SMP Negeri X Yogyakarta until June 2017. In this analysis, the independent variable was peer education, while the dependent variable was the prevention of sexual risk activity among adolescents. RESULTS: The Wilcoxon sign-rank test data analysis showed that there were no significant differences in the prevention of sexual risk behavior among adolescents in urban areas at pre- and post-sexual education through p-value peer education = 0.086. CONCLUSION: There is no significant impact on reducing adolescent sexual risk behaviors in urban areas through peer education. The media may significantly influence the prevention of the conduct of urban adolescents at sexual risk. To prevent sexual risk behavior among adolescents in an urban environment, further research is recommended to find the best intervention using more profound internal and external relevant variables and media impact association study.

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Factors Predicting Sexual Risk Behaviors of Adolescents in North-Eastern Thailand

10.3233/shti210613 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Athiwat Butdabut ◽

Pissamai Homchampa

Keyword(s):

Sexual Risk ◽

Risk Behaviors ◽

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Teenage Pregnancy ◽

Sexual Risk Behaviors ◽

Peer Norms ◽

Reproductive Behaviors ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

North Eastern ◽

Unsafe Sexual Behaviors

The number of young people who have had sex at an early age increases in proportion, it concerns unsafe sexual behaviors, teenage pregnancy, HIV aids and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This study examines the health behaviors and factors predicting sexual risk behaviors pertaining to teenage pregnancy among adolescents in Thailand. Adolescents consulted the reproductive health center about problems with the same gender. The factors of adolescent reproductive behaviors were significantly associated with age, education level, and the perception of peer norms. Receiving social support from media information also significantly correlated with those behaviors. The results recommend that to prevent premature pregnancy, adolescents should protect themselves. Parents should take the issue of social media use by their teenagers very seriously.

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Sexual Assault and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Lower-Income Rural Women: The Mediating Role of Self-Worth

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-15-00119 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 110-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Julia Dodd ◽

Heather Littleton

Keyword(s):

Sexual Assault ◽

Sexual Risk ◽

Risk Behaviors ◽

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Low Income ◽

Rural Women ◽

Sexual Victimization ◽

Sexual Risk Behaviors ◽

Waiting Room ◽

Self Worth

Sexual victimization is associated with risky sexual behaviors. Limited research has examined mechanisms via which victimization affects risk behaviors, particularly following different types of sexual victimization. This study examined self-worth as a mediator of the relationship between sexual victimization history: contact childhood sexual abuse (CSA), completed rape in adolescence/adulthood (adolescent/adulthood sexual assault [ASA]), and combined CSA/ASA, and two sexual risk behaviors: past year partners and one-time encounters. Participants were diverse (57.9% African American), low-income women recruited from an OB-GYN waiting room (n = 646). Women with a history of sexual victimization, 29.8% (n = 186) reported lower self-worth, t(586) = 5.26, p < .001, and more partners, t(612) = 2.45, p < .01, than nonvictims. Self-worth was a significant mediator only among women with combined CSA/ASA histories in both risk behavior models.

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Sex in the city

Journal of Health Research ◽

10.1108/jhr-03-2019-0056 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 168-178

Author(s):

Mathudara Phaiyarom ◽

Montakarn Chuemchit

Keyword(s):

Sexual Orientation ◽

Sexual Harassment ◽

Risk Behavior ◽

Sexual Risk ◽

Risk Behaviors ◽

Sexual Risk Behavior ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Chiang Mai ◽

Content Type ◽

Sexual Activities

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the sexual risk behavior and sexual harassment among female beer promoters in Chiang Mai, Thailand and analyze the associations among demographic data, sexual activities, sexual orientation, attitudes and working conditions based on the level of sexual harassment. Design/methodology/approach This study is a cross-sectional study that approached 184 Thai female beer promoters in Chiang Mai by a snowball sampling technique. Data were collected through a self-administrative questionnaire to find demographic data, sexual activities, sexual orientation, attitudes, sexual risk behavior and sexual harassment while working as a beer promoter. Descriptive, Pearson’s χ2 and Fisher exact tests were performed to describe and determine the associations. Findings The findings highlight that sexual risk behaviors and sexual harassment are found among female beer promoters. In total, 62.5 percent of them ever had sexual intercourse and 25.2 percent did not use condom. For sexual harassment, most of respondents had experienced a medium level harassment especially verbal harassment (73.9 percent). It associated with currently student status (p=0.038), having sexual intercourse experience (p=0.024), and type of job (p=0.002). Originality/value This paper explores the sexual risk behaviors and sexual harassment among female beer promoters in the northern part of Thailand, containing the information on how common are the types of sexual risk behavior and sexual harassment experiences among a specific and hard-to-reach population.

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Parental care status and sexual risk behavior in five nationally-representative surveys of sub-Saharan African nations

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-12437-6 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Elizabeth Neville ◽

Indrani Saran ◽

Thomas M. Crea

Keyword(s):

Parental Care ◽

Risk Behavior ◽

Sexual Risk ◽

Risk Behaviors ◽

Sexual Risk Behavior ◽

Sexual Debut ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Biological Parents ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Sub Saharan

Abstract Background About 10% of children worldwide do not live with either of their biological parents, and although some of these children are orphans, many have living parents. While research shows that orphaned children in Sub-Saharan Africa tend to engage in more sexual risk behaviors than their peers, possibly due to decreased parental oversight and support, it is unclear if these effects also apply to children separated from their living parents. Exploring the question of whether living without parents, regardless of whether they are deceased, is linked to greater sexual risk-taking, this study is the first, to our knowledge, to examine correlates of parental care status in a multi-country, nationally-representative analysis. Methods This study was a secondary analysis of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Violence Against Children Surveys from Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Nigeria, and Zambia. We conducted logistic regressions on N = 6770 surveys of youth aged 13 to 17 years to determine if living with their biological parents predicted the odds of engaging in risky sexual behavior, controlling for demographic factors including orphanhood. Post-hoc regressions examined specific risk behaviors. Results Compared to those living with both parents, youth not living with either parent had heightened odds of engaging in any sexual risk behavior, even when controlling for orphanhood (OR = 2.56, 95% CI: [1.96, 3.33]). Non-parental care predicted heightened odds of non-condom use (OR = 3.35, 95% CI: [2.38, 4.72]), early sexual debut (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: [1.31, 2.46]), and more sexual partners (β = .60, p < .001). Conclusions This study extends prior research linking orphanhood and sexual risk behavior, lending credence to the idea that it is not parental death, but rather parental absence, that leads to sexual risk in youth. Public health programming in Sub-Saharan Africa should consider targeting not only “orphaned youth,” but all children separated from their parents.

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Knowledge, attitude and practice towards risky sexual behaviors among secondary and preparatory students of Metu town, south western Ethiopia

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09371-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Terefe keto ◽

Ayele Tilahun ◽

Aklilu Mamo

Keyword(s):

Sexual Risk ◽

Sexual Intercourse ◽

Risk Behaviors ◽

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Sexual Risk Behaviors ◽

Risky Sexual Behaviors ◽

Preparatory School ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

Study Participants ◽

Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Abstracts Background Sexual risk behaviors are defined as sexual activities that may make an individual liable to the risk of sexually transmitted infections including Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and unplanned pregnancies. Adolescents are at high risk of developing sexual risk behavior. The rate of risky sexual behaviors and the spread of STIs continue to be increase among the adolescent population. Therefore this study aimed to assess Metu secondary and preparatory school adolescent knowledge, attitude, and practice of risky sexual behaviors. Methods Institution based descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among Metu secondary and preparatory school students from 04 Feb 2019–07 June 2019. The study participants were selected through systematic random sampling techniques and the data was collected through self-administered questionnaires. A Total of 361 study subjects were included in the study. Data was entered in EpiData and analyzed by using SPSS version 21. Results Three hundred sixty one respondents participated in this study. Of those, 75.9% of them have awareness about risky sexual behaviors and about 76.5. % of them has awareness on consequences of unsafe sex. Among the total study participants, about 22.7% of them had previously practiced in sexual activity; of these 61.7% of respondents had more than one sexual partner. From the respondents who had practiced sex, 19.8% of them had always used condom during their sexual intercourse with their partners, while 58% of them never used condom during sexual intercourse. Conclusions Even though the majority of the students have an awareness regarding sexual risk behaviors, a considerable number of students have practiced risky sexual behaviors that might predispose them for different sexual and reproductive health problems and peer pressure was revealed as a major factor that influences the respondents towards their first sexual intercourse. Peers have greater influence on the positive and negative behavior of their friends. Therefore the school should emphasize on promoting peer educators and peer discussion to protect adolescents and youth from risky sexual behaviors.

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