scholarly journals A survey of depression and anxiety disorders in urban and rural Suriname

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Jadnanansing ◽  
Edwin de Beurs ◽  
Kajal Etwaroo ◽  
Matthijs Blankers ◽  
Rudi Dwarkasing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Middle Income Country ◽  
Income Country ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Treatment Gap ◽  
Middle Income

Abstract Background Suriname is a Low-middle income country consisting of diverse population groups. Epidemiological studies concerning mental disorders like depression and anxiety had not been conducted until 2015. The treatment gap for mental disorders in Low and middle-income countries (LMICs) may reach 76-80% as treatment is not always readily available. In this study, we estimate and compare the prevalence of potential cases of depression and anxiety, as well as the size of the treatment gap in a rural (Nickerie) and urban (Paramaribo) region of Suriname, a lower middle-income country. Methods Subjects were selected by a specific sampling method of the national census bureau. The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) was used to assess depression. Generalized anxiety disorder was assessed with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) and The Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire (ACQ), the Body Sensations Questionnaire (BSQ) were used to assess Panic disorder. The treatment gap was calculated by estimating the percentage of subjects with depression or anxiety that did not seek out professional help. Results About 18% of the respondents from Nickerie and 16% from Paramaribo were at risk of depression and the established cut-off values of the instruments used indicate that about 3-4% in both regions may suffer from Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Women in both samples were most at risk of high anxiety about body sensations and maladaptive thoughts about panic. The treatment gap varies between 78 and 100% for the two disorders. Conclusions A high depression rate has been found in both areas, especially among young females. In addition, a high treatment gap is noted which insinuates that more therapeutic strategies are required to tackle depression and anxiety in Suriname.

A Survey of Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Urban and Rural Suriname

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Jadnanansing ◽  
Edwin de Beurs ◽  
Kajal Etwaroo ◽  
Matthijs Blankers ◽  
Rudi Dwarkasing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Middle Income Country ◽  
Income Country ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Treatment Gap ◽  
Middle Income

Abstract Background: Suriname is a Low-middle income country consisting of diverse population groups. Epidemiological studies concerning mental disorders like depression and anxiety had not been conducted until 2015. The treatment gap for mental disorders in Low and middle-income countries (LMICs) may reach 76-80% as treatment is not always readily available. In this study, we estimate and compare the prevalence of depression and anxiety, as well as the size of the treatment gap for these disorders, in a rural (Nickerie) and urban (Paramaribo) region of Suriname, a lower middle income country.Methods: Subjects were selected by a specific sampling method of the national census bureau. The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) was used to assess depression. Generalized anxiety disorder was assessed with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) and The Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire (ACQ), the Body Sensations Questionnaire (BSQ) were used to assess Panic disorder. The treatment gap was calculated by estimating the percentage of subjects with depression or anxiety that did not seek out professional help.Results: About 18% of the respondents from Nickerie and 16% from Paramaribo were at risk of depression and the established cut-off values of the instruments used indicate that about 3-4 % in both regions may suffer from Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Women in both samples were most at risk of high anxiety about body sensations and maladaptive thoughts about panic. The treatment gap varies between 78 and 100% for the two disorders.Conclusions: A high depression rate has been found in both areas, especially among young females. In addition, a high treatment gap is noted which insinuates that more therapeutic strategies are required to tackle depression and anxiety in Suriname.

scholarly journals Association between workplace bullying and common mental disorders in civil servants from a middle-income country

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Ribas FEIJÓ ◽  
Neil PEARCE ◽  
Neice Müller Xavier FARIA ◽  
Maitê Peres de CARVALHO ◽  
Ana Laura Sica Cruzeiro SZORTYKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Middle Income Country ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Income Country ◽  
Middle Income

scholarly journals Childhood adversity, adult stress, and the risk of major depression or generalized anxiety disorder in US soldiers: a test of the stress sensitization hypothesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (13) ◽  
pp. 2379-2392 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bandoli ◽  
L. Campbell-Sills ◽  
R. C. Kessler ◽  
S. G. Heeringa ◽  
M. K. Nock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Risk Difference ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Stress Sensitization ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stressful Experiences

BackgroundThe stress sensitization theory hypothesizes that individuals exposed to childhood adversity will be more vulnerable to mental disorders from proximal stressors. We aimed to test this theory with respect to risk of 30-day major depressive episode (MDE) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) among new US Army soldiers.MethodsThe sample consisted of 30 436 new soldier recruits in the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience (Army STARRS). Generalized linear models were constructed, and additive interactions between childhood maltreatment profiles and level of 12-month stressful experiences on the risk of 30-day MDE and GAD were analyzed.ResultsStress sensitization was observed in models of past 30-day MDE (χ28 = 17.6, p = 0.025) and GAD (χ28 = 26.8, p = 0.001). This sensitization only occurred at high (3+) levels of reported 12-month stressful experiences. In pairwise comparisons for the risk of 30-day MDE, the risk difference between 3+ stressful experiences and no stressful experiences was significantly greater for all maltreatment profiles relative to No Maltreatment. Similar results were found with the risk for 30-day GAD with the exception of the risk difference for Episodic Emotional and Sexual Abuse, which did not differ statistically from No Maltreatment.ConclusionsNew soldiers are at an increased risk of 30-day MDE or GAD following recent stressful experiences if they were exposed to childhood maltreatment. Particularly in the military with an abundance of unique stressors, attempts to identify this population and improve stress management may be useful in the effort to reduce the risk of mental disorders.

scholarly journals Smartphone-Detected Ambient Speech and Self-Reported Measures of Anxiety and Depression: Exploratory Observational Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Di Matteo ◽  
Wendy Wang ◽  
Kathryn Fotinos ◽  
Sachinthya Lokuge ◽  
Julia Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Severity Of Depression

BACKGROUND The ability to objectively measure the severity of depression and anxiety disorders in a passive manner could have a profound impact on the way in which these disorders are diagnosed, assessed, and treated. Existing studies have demonstrated links between both depression and anxiety and the linguistic properties of words that people use to communicate. Smartphones offer the ability to passively and continuously detect spoken words to monitor and analyze the linguistic properties of speech produced by the speaker and other sources of ambient speech in their environment. The linguistic properties of automatically detected and recognized speech may be used to build objective severity measures of depression and anxiety. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine if the linguistic properties of words passively detected from environmental audio recorded using a participant’s smartphone can be used to find correlates of symptom severity of social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, depression, and general impairment. METHODS An Android app was designed to collect periodic audiorecordings of participants’ environments and to detect English words using automatic speech recognition. Participants were recruited into a 2-week observational study. The app was installed on the participants’ personal smartphones to record and analyze audio. The participants also completed self-report severity measures of social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, depression, and functional impairment. Words detected from audiorecordings were categorized, and correlations were measured between words counts in each category and the 4 self-report measures to determine if any categories could serve as correlates of social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, depression, or general impairment. RESULTS The participants were 112 adults who resided in Canada from a nonclinical population; 86 participants yielded sufficient data for analysis. Correlations between word counts in 67 word categories and each of the 4 self-report measures revealed a strong relationship between the usage rates of death-related words and depressive symptoms (<i>r</i>=0.41, <i>P</i>&lt;.001). There were also interesting correlations between rates of word usage in the categories of reward-related words with depression (<i>r</i>=–0.22, <i>P</i>=.04) and generalized anxiety (<i>r</i>=–0.29, <i>P</i>=.007), and vision-related words with social anxiety (<i>r</i>=0.31, <i>P</i>=.003). CONCLUSIONS In this study, words automatically recognized from environmental audio were shown to contain a number of potential associations with severity of depression and anxiety. This work suggests that sparsely sampled audio could provide relevant insight into individuals’ mental health. CLINICALTRIAL

scholarly journals Clinical correlation between Migraine and Generalized Anxiety Disorders: a literature review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Lia Ziotti Bohn Gonçalves Soares ◽  
Letícia Santana Ferreira Gonçalves ◽  
Emily Thauara de Souza ◽  
Pollyana Yuri Salles Suguinoshita ◽  
Luana Isla Rocha Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Epidemiological Factors ◽  
Painful Sensation ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorders ◽  
History Of

Background: Migraine and anxiety are common neuro-psychiatric disorders in clinical practice, sharing symptoms and epidemiological factors among themselves. The presence of both pathologies in the same individual is frequently reported in the literature. Objectives: To report the clinical and epidemiological correlations established between generalized anxiety disorder and migraine. Methodology: Systematic review of studies published between 2016 and 2021, exploring the association between generalized anxiety disorders and Migraine. The descriptors “association”, “Migraines” and “Generalized Anxiety Disorder” were used in the LILACS, SCIELO and PUBMED databases. Fourteen articles were selected, mostly dealing with epidemiological studies. Results: Evidence suggests that these pathologies are associated and share common symptoms, pathophysiology and epidemiological factors. Studies corroborate that anxiety and painful sensation are more strongly associated with migraine than with other psychiatric illnesses. It has also demonstrated some characteristics of patients who are predisposed to develop both comorbidities such as smoke, low income and a history of other previous diseases. Common triggering factors such as pain, sleep disorders and stress can also contribute to the association between pathologies. Conclusions: Based on the studies analyzed in full, the high prevalence of both diseases in the same individual highlights the importance of research on the cause and consequence relationship between Anxiety and Migraine, since this is not yet clarified in the medical literature. In addition, paying attention to migraine correlation to generalized anxiety disorder increases the quality of life of the patient in the short and long term, as well as help in the choice of better treatments.

Japan in Long View

2020 ◽  
pp. 313-320
Author(s):  
Eric Brunner ◽  
Noriko Cable ◽  
Hiroyasu Iso
Keyword(s):  
Social Epidemiology ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Middle Income Country ◽  
Income Country ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Economic Slowdown ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Epidemiology And Public Health

This book brings together the work of leading researchers in the fields of epidemiology and public health in Japan. Authors reflected on the evolution of health in the population since the first Tokyo Olympic/Paralympic Games. Content is organized according to (1) stages of the life course, (2) major chronic diseases and risk factors, and (3) some significant institutional or geographical connections of Japan to the planet. This chapter summarizes a number of messages and research questions for further discussion. The array of evidence confirms a fundamental idea in social epidemiology: the importance of living conditions—economic, social, institutional, cultural—as the main determinants of the health of populations. More specifically, the official statistics and epidemiological studies based on the Japanese population provide a detailed account of the transitions from a young middle-income country to a super-ageing high-income country. Over this period of transition, including recent years of economic slowdown, Japanese health and longevity has not stopped improving.

scholarly journals Biological markers of generalized anxiety disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Biological Markers ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Mental Health Condition ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent and highly disabling mental health condition; however, there is still much to learn with regard to pertinent biomarkers, as well as diagnosis, made more difficult by the marked and common overlap of GAD with affective and anxiety disorders. Recently, intensive research efforts have focused on GAD, applying neuroimaging, genetic, and blood-based approaches toward discovery of pathogenetic and treatment-related biomarkers. In this paper, we review the large amount of available data, and we focus in particular on evidence from neuroimaging, genetic, and neurochemical measurements in GAD in order to better understand potential biomarkers involved in its etiology and treatment. Overall, the majority of these studies have produced results that are solitary findings, sometimes inconsistent and not clearly replicable. For these reasons, they have not yet been translated into clinical practice. Therefore, further research efforts are needed to distinguish GAD from other mental disorders and to provide new biological insights into its pathogenesis and treatment.

Other Disorders in Which Overdiagnosis Is a Risk

2015 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Joel Paris
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Wide Range

Other disorders that can suffer from overdiagnosis include autistic spectrum disorders, anxiety disorders, and mild neurocognitive disorders. Autism in particular threatens to become a diagnostic epidemic as patients with a wide range of symptoms are seen as falling in the spectrum. While there is no pharmacological treatment for this condition, disability payments can be an issue. Generalized anxiety disorder and mild neurocgnitive disorder are also quite broadly defined in DSM-5.In each case, it can be difficult to distinguish these conditions from other mental disorders or from normality.

scholarly journals Treating Depression and Anxiety with Digital Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia: A Real World NHS Evaluation Using Standardized Outcome Measures

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie I. Luik ◽  
Sophie Bostock ◽  
Leanne Chisnall ◽  
Simon D. Kyle ◽  
Nicky Lidbetter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Psychological Therapies ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

Background: Evidence suggests that insomnia may be an important therapeutic target to improve mental health. Aims: Evaluating changes in symptoms of depression and anxiety after supported digital cognitive behavioural therapy (dCBT) for insomnia delivered via a community-based provider (Self Help Manchester) of the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) service. Method: Supported dCBT for insomnia was delivered to 98 clients (mean age 44.9 years, SD 15.2, 66% female) of Self Help Manchester. All clients received six support calls from an eTherapy coordinator to support the self-help dCBT. During these calls levels of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder, GAD-7) were determined. Results: Depression (Mdifference-5.7, t(70) = 12.5, p < .001) and anxiety [Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Mdifference-4.1, t(70) = 8.0, p < .001] were reduced following supported dCBT for insomnia. This translated into an IAPT recovery rate of 68% for depression and anxiety. Conclusions: These results suggest that dCBT for insomnia alleviates depression and anxiety in clients presenting with mental health complaints in routine healthcare.

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