scholarly journals Three-dimensional classification of the Lenke 1 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using coronal and lateral spinal radiographs

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Pasha ◽  
Victor Ho-Fung ◽  
Malcolm Eker ◽  
Sarah Nossov ◽  
Michael Francavilla
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Third Dimension

Abstract Background Classification of the spinal deformity in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) remains two-dimensional (2D) as the spinal radiographs remain the mainstay in clinical evaluation of the disease. 3D classification systems are proposed, however are time consuming. We here aim to evaluate the clinical application of a 3D classification system by the use of only posterior-anterior and lateral radiographs in Lenke 1 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods Forty Lenke 1 AIS were classified by five observers following a three-step flowchart, developed based on our previous 3D classification system. This 3D classification characterizes the curve in the frontal and sagittal views and infers the third dimension with rules based on prior data to determine the 3D subtypes of the curve. Repeated rating was performed for 20 randomly selected patients in the same cohort. In addition to the classification by the raters, the 3D model of the spines were generated to determine the actual curve subtype based on the algorithm that was originally used to develop the 3D classification system. The interobserver and intraobserver reliability and the classification accuracy were determined for both 3D and axial classifications of the cohort. Results The interobserver reliability was moderate to strong with a kappa value between 0.61–0.89 for 3D and axial classifications. Comparing the mathematical classification and the raters’ classification, the classification accuracy among all raters ranged between 56 and 89%. Conclusion We evaluated the reliability of a previously developed 3D classification system for Lenke 1 AIS patients when only two-view spinal radiographs are available. Radiologists and orthopedic surgeons were able to identify the 3D subtypes of Lenke 1 AIS from the patients’ radiographs with moderate to strong reliability. The new 3D classification has the potential to identify the subtypes of the Lenke 1 AIS without a need for quantitative 3D image post-processing.

scholarly journals ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS AND SIMILAR CONDITIONS: THREE-DIMENSIONAL CLASSIFICATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-292
Author(s):  
Enguer Beraldo Garcia ◽  
Liliane Faria Garcia ◽  
Saulo Terror Giesbrecht ◽  
Luis Gustavo Vasconcelos ◽  
Enguer Beraldo Garcia Jr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Quantitative Factor ◽  
Lenke Classification ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Objective: To create a new comprehensive, three-dimensional, applicable classification for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and similar conditions. Methods: The Three-Dimensional Classification was created with three components: the first, the quantitative factor, divides into three types according to the number of curves; the second, the locator factor defines the most structured point of the curve; and the third, the sagittal factor, evaluates the overall sagittal plane. To test the new classification, we studied the images of 99 patients comparing the intra- and interobserver agreement and reproducibility index of the Three-Dimensional Classification with that of Lenke. Results: It can be stated that, overall, the agreement between the three evaluators in relation to the Three-Dimensional Classification and that of Lenke in this series was considered very good. Conclusions: The case study showed a significant difference in the percentages between the two Classifications. In the evaluation of thoracic kyphosis, the Three-Dimensional Classification defined 26.6% of the cases as hyperkyphosis and 61.6% as normal, whereas the Lenke Classification defined 6.06% as hyperkyphosis and 84.18% as normal. However, in the global comparative analysis of the methods, the Three-Dimensional and Lenke systems presented statistically the same levels of agreement, since the values of the confidence intervals overlap. Level of Evidence II; Retrospective study.

Applications of Artificial Intelligence in the Process Control of Electro Chemical Discharge Machining (ECDM)

2011 ◽  
pp. 139-163
Author(s):  
T. K.K.R. Mediliyegedara ◽  
A. K.M. De Silva ◽  
D. K. Harrison ◽  
J. A. McGeough
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Pulse Shape ◽  
Process Control System ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Calculation Time ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy

This chapter presents the applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the process control of Electro Chemical Discharge Machining (ECDM). The performance of the ECDM process depends on the pulse shape of the voltage and current waveforms. However, the type of the pulse and shape of the voltage and current waveforms are highly non linear and complex in nature. Therefore, the intelligent pulse classification systems are required for the achievement of better performance of the ECDM process. The aim of the study is to investigate the most suitable pulse classification architecture which provides the better classification accuracy with the minimum calculation time. A Neural Network Pulse Classification System (NNPCS), a Fuzzy Logic Pulse Classification System (FLPCS) and a Neuro Fuzzy Pulse Classification System (NFPCS) were developed for the pulse classification of the ECDM process. However, the NNPCS was selected as the most suitable pulse classification system for the ECDM process control system as it provides the smallest calculation time and reasonable classification accuracy.

scholarly journals Reliability measure of the rib cage deformity by a postural assessment software in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Marques de Almeida Saraiva ◽  
Thais Moraes de Vieira ◽  
Anderson Sales Alexandre ◽  
Geferson da Silva Araújo ◽  
Evandro Fornias Sperandio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rib Cage

Abstract Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine that generates changes in the biomechanics of the rib cage. Digital photogrammetry enables the recording of subtle changes and the interrelationship between parts of the human body that are difficult to measure by other means. The aim of this study was to create angles and thoracic distances and to evaluate the interobserver and intraobserver reliability of these measurements using the Software de Avaliação Postural (SAPO) in patients with AIS. This cross-sectional study evaluated 30 individuals aged between 11 and 18 years with AIS. We used SAPO with the thoracic markers in the form of angles (A) and distances (D) with involves structures like acromion, manubrium, xiphoid process, lower angle of the scapula, last false rib, anterior iliac spine process. Two experienced observers (A and B) analyzed the photos and all followed the same routine of analysis. Intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility was assessed by the Bland-Altman plot and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), while intraobserver and interobserver reliability was assessed by the T-Test and Wilcoxon's Test. A high repeatability index was obtained among the evaluations, with twelve of the sixteen variables considered as reliable in all statistical tests. The interobserver analyzes presented excellent correlation coefficients (ICC), showing good reliability for six of the sixteen variables proposed. The SAPO method presented good reproducibility and reliability for most of the thoracic markers created, showing that photogrammetry may be a complementary tool in the evaluation of thoracic alterations in patients with AIS.

Intraobserver and Interobserver Reliability of the Classification of Thoracic Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis*†

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 1097-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAWRENCE G. LENKE ◽  
RANDAL R. BETZ ◽  
KEITH H. BRIDWELL ◽  
DAVID H. CLEMENTS ◽  
JÜRGEN HARMS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Interobserver Reliability

scholarly journals Specific sagittal alignment patterns are already present in mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom P. C. Schlösser ◽  
René M. Castelein ◽  
Pierre Grobost ◽  
Suken A. Shah ◽  
Kariman Abelin-Genevois
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Thoracic Kyphosis ◽  
Sagittal Alignment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sagittal Profile ◽  
Thoracolumbar Kyphosis ◽  
C7 Slope ◽  
Sagittal Malalignment

Abstract Purpose The complex three-dimensional spinal deformity in AIS consists of rotated, lordotic apical areas and neutral junctional zones that modify the spine’s sagittal profile. Recently, three specific patterns of thoracic sagittal ‘malalignment’ were described for severe AIS. The aim of this study is to define whether specific patterns of pathological sagittal alignment are already present in mild AIS. Methods Lateral spinal radiographs of 192 mild (10°–20°) and 253 severe (> 45°) AIS patients and 156 controls were derived from an international consortium. Kyphosis characteristics (T4–T12 thoracic kyphosis, T10–L2 angle, C7 slope, location of the apex of kyphosis and of the inflection point) and sagittal curve types according to Abelin-Genevois were systematically compared between the three cohorts. Results Even in mild thoracic AIS, already 49% of the curves presented sagittal malalignment, mostly thoracic hypokyphosis, whereas only 13% of the (thoraco) lumbar curves and 6% of the nonscoliosis adolescents were hypokyphotic. In severe AIS, 63% had a sagittal malalignment. Hypokyphosis + thoracolumbar kyphosis occurred more frequently in high-PI and primary lumbar curves, whereas cervicothoracic kyphosis occurred more in double thoracic curves. Conclusions Pathological sagittal patterns are often already present in curves 10°–20°, whereas those are rare in non-scoliotic adolescents. This suggests that sagittal ‘malalignment’ patterns are an integral part of the early pathogenesis of AIS.

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