The method for identification of mathematical models in two-factor pharmaceutical research

The methodical approach to solving problems of identification of mathematical models of pharmaceutical objects with two dependent quantitative factors has been considered; the total value of them is determined by the quantitative composition of the mixture and is fixed at a definite level.Aim. To determine the optimal algorithm for processing experimental data using the minimum number of experiments according to the plan 22to establish an adequate mathematical description of research at the technological stage.Materials and methods. Such materials as potato starch (quantitative factor x1) and the microcrystalline cellulose solution (quantitative factor x2) were used. The content of excipients should be 54 % of the total mass. Based on a priori data the content of potato starch x1 should be in the range from 45 to 50 % of the total amount (45 ≤ x1 ≥ 50), and x2 characterizes an aqueous solution of microcrystalline cellulose with a concentration in the range from 2 to 5 % (2 ≤ x2 ≥ 5). The least squares method was applied to determine the coefficients of the regression equations. During our research the Mathcad computer environment (MathSoft Ins., USA) was used.Results. To reduce the number of solutions and make the right decision it is necessary to have a reliable source of information and impose the appropriate restrictions based on a priori data and practical experience of the researcher. Conclusions. The studies have shown that to identify mathematical models the analysis of the main (final) effects of the interaction of factors is effective, it is also expedient to interpret this interaction based on the interpretation of the dependences of objective functions on each factor provided that the variable is fixed at the minimum and maximum levels of variation.

Variations in indicators of the health sector and the pharmaceutical market in Russia during 2020

The study aimed to evaluate the influence of coronavirus on the functioning of the system of healthcare and the associated pharmaceutical industry in Russia. The study of the influence of coronavirus infection on the system of healthcare and pharmaceutical market in Russia was made using a statistical method of comparison of the parameters. The degree of influence on the system of healthcare was estimated by the monthly dynamic of the morbidity rate, which reflected the load on medical institutions of the budgetary system of healthcare of the RF. The changes on the pharmaceutical market were evaluated through quantitative and price factors: quantitative factor was defined by the dynamics of general volume of sales and price – by the changes of the average-weighted prices on the market. As a result, it was established that the dynamics of the morbidity rate with coronavirus in Russia varied wavelike, significantly increasing in the periods of pandemic peaks in May and December 2020. This indicates that the system of healthcare lacks mechanisms of fighting the infection spread in complicated epidemiologic conditions, the bed capacity is low, and there is a deficit in medical personnel. During pandemics, a significant increase in the drug cost was observed on the pharmaceutical market. Especially, it was evident for drugs used to limit the spread of coronavirus, which was confirmed by the shift of drugs sales to the group of antimicrobials. Coronavirus pandemic significantly affected the structure and tendencies in the development of healthcare and Russian pharmaceutical market.

Higher Education Music Teacher Educators and Assessment: Their Understandings, Efficacy, and Satisfaction

In this study, we report what music teacher educators (MTEs, N = 149) in higher education understand about assessment. We include their assessment pedagogy, their levels of assessment pedagogy efficacy (APE) at both programmatic (unit level) and personal levels (ProAPE and PeAPE respectively), and the relationship this efficacy has with their (MTEs) satisfaction of assessment pedagogies within their institutions. This mixed-methods study uses a convergent parallel design, with qualitative inductive coding and quantitative factor analyses, correlational analyses, and non-parametric tests. We determine that MTEs report some misunderstanding of the assessment lexicon nevertheless they hold mostly high levels of both personal and programmatic assessment pedagogy efficacy. Differences were observed between MTEs that graduated after 2008 than those who graduated prior to 2008. Findings center on higher education faculty comfort with assessment in higher education with implications for professional development and continued research in the area.

Model of Determining the Optimal, Green Transport Route among Alternatives: Data Envelopment Analysis Settings

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a useful method for determining relative efficiency in many types of businesses, including the transport sector. In line with the European Union’s (EU) policy of sustainable development of transport, external costs become the competitiveness factor of the transport route valorization. Presenting specific DEA settings, the paper aims to show and test a developed model for determining the optimal transport route among alternatives towards the same destination where external cost as a socio-ecological factor is included in DEA, along with transport cost (quantitative factor) and transport time (qualitative factor). In order to adhere to the principles of the least possible energy consumption, the given distance that also included in DEA settings represents the shortest route between the starting point and destination, as a unique and constant output variable. Therefore, the optimal direction selected by the DEA stands for the green route. The capabilities of the DEA, set up in this way within the broader model, are demonstrated in the practical case.

Exploring Factors Affecting the Development of Export-Oriented Garment Industry: Facing the Global Competitiveness Challenges

The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that affect the development of exported-oriented garment industry facing the global competitiveness challenges.This study examines competitiveness challenges of export-oriented garment industry by testing the research hypotheses.The basis of this study lies in understanding what kind of competitiveness challenges in terms of resource-based, dynamic capabilities and market-based factors. In this study, a purposeful sample of 250 sectors was drawn from total 359 Thailand exported-oriented garment sectors and a total of 211 respondents fully answered the required questions. Study participants were garment supervisors and managers, in garment industry over 5 years. The data collection includes questionnaire investigation for quantitative factor analysis method. Specifically, this study provides empirical evidence on the specific channels and mechanisms through what principal factor within current garment sectors. The findings showed the factors influence the competitiveness challenges of export-oriented garment industry. Therefore, the competitiveness challenges conceptual model emerged with respect to this industry.The model, which identified the main competitive hurdles that export-oriented garment industry faces (i.e., challenges relates to productivity, lead-time, collaboration, opportunity identification, quick response and risk identification factors). Additionally, the author presents Tai export-oriented garment industry current situation, which revealed this strong buy-driven industry needs to restructure their strategies to focus high value added activities and to enhance their competitiveness.

Production components of crambe in paraiba semi-arid region with nitrogen fertilization and different spacings

Crambe (Crambe abyssinica H.), a promising species in the production of biodiesel, has low planting cost, high oil content and easy extraction, besides being an alternative for the crop rotation system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilization and line spacing on the production components and yield of the crambe crop under semi-arid conditions. The study was conducted under field conditions in the experimental area of the National Semi-Arid Institute-INSA, located in the city of Campina Grande-PB. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in 4 x 2 factorial scheme, consisting of four nitrogen doses (30, 60, 90, 120 kg ha-1) with two spacings between planting lines (0.20 and 0.40 meters) with three replications, totaling 24 experimental plots. The evaluated parameters were: number of siliques per plant, dry weight of shoots, number of branches (primary and secondary), primary stem length, number of siliques per stem, mass of 1000 grains and productivity. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, in which the nitrogen doses (quantitative factor) were compared by regression analysis. The different spacings were compared by means of a t-test at the 0.05 probability level by using statistical software SISVAR version 5.2. Nitrogen fertilization at 0.40 m spacing between the planting lines led to the best results for the production components, and the highest productivity was obtained at 0.20 m spacing of with nitrogen fertilization of 120 kg ha-1.

Pathoanatomical Pattern of Brain Damage of White Mice Infected with Experimental Anthrax

Background. Bacillus anthracis is a microorganism that causes anthrax. Because of irrational therapy, this particularly dangerous infectious disease leads to a systemic spread of bacteria in the body through histohematological barriers. Bacilli entering the brain subsequently lead to hemorrhagic meningitis. Despite intensive antibiotic therapy, that kind of meningitis is difficult to cure and therefore highly lethal. Studying characteristics of anthrax’s isolates of different origin and genotype is an actual area of research.The aim of the study is searching for pathomorphological and histological changes in the brain regions of experimental animals with anthrax infection, caused by B. anthracis with different plasmid spectrum.Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 200 certified white mice, three B. anthracis strains were used as research objects: B. anthracis I-323 (рХО1– /рХО2– ), B. anthracis I-275 (рХО1- /рХО2- ), and B. anthracis I-217 (рХО1+ / рХО2– ). The material for histological examination was the brain of mice, embedded in paraffin, and then sections were prepared using a microtome and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl toluidine blue. The degree of neuronal damage was assessed by calculating the semi-quantitative factor and determining the average size of the neuron nuclei, and the numerical density of cells in 1mm2 was studied. Microphotography and quantitative analysis was performed using the Motic Images Plus 2.0 application package. Statistical processing of the results was performed using the program “Statistica 6.0”.The results of the study showed that the brain of infected mice shows signs of hemorrhagic leptomeningitis, the manifestations of which are more pronounced in mice infected with weakly virulent plasmid strains of B. anthracis and fallen mice.Conclusion. Multicomponent exotoxin and specialized proteins, encoded in the pathogenicity plasmid of microorganisms, allow B. anthracis to easily overcome histohematological barriers and cause severe septic anthrax. The results obtained during the study supplement the available information on the pathogenesis of anthrax and indicate the need for further research in this direction.

Analyzing the tax system as a factor of social policy of the State

Subject. We analyze the effect of the tax system on the social policy of the State. Objectives. The study aims to assess the tax system as a factor of government’s social policy. Methods. We employ methods of systems analysis, including qualitative, quantitative, factor analysis, generalization methods, comparison, as well as economic and statistical methods. Statistical reporting of the Federal Tax Service of Russian Federation, the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Bashkortostan, and laws and regulations served as empirical and information basis of the study. Results. We considered the classification of tax instruments for implementing the social policy of the tax system, and indicators of social policy efficiency; identified areas for stirring up the social function of taxes. They include the use of personal income tax as a tool of State social policy through the separation of taxpayer income to apply progressive tax rates based on the analysis of statistical data on taxpayers’ size and per capita income behavior. The paper defines the main factors of changes in the modern social policy of the Russian Federation. Conclusions. At the present stage of tax system development, the paper highlights the increased level of social awareness. It is manifested in increased social control over effective functioning of State institutions. This control focuses on the quality of public services, cost effectiveness, and improved living standards.

AN OPTIMIZATION OF STRUCTURES AND TRAFFIC DEVELOPMENT FOR TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION IN PROTECTED CORPORATE NETWORKS. A QUANTITATIVE OPTIMIZATION

The article is devoted to the optimization of the structures and traffic development for information transmission in secured corporate networks by quantitative factor. Optimization is carried out in the local task of calculating rational amounts of information. To this end, a mathematical formulation of a local problem is formulated. Which is to optimize the resources of the information system by quantitative criteria. The task is solved by calculating rational amounts of information and entering them in the description of information system resources. It is necessary to evaluate the quality of networks that are being designed based on multicriteria optimization. This is due to the increase in volume and the variety of tasks being promoted to secured corporate networks. This optimization should take into account the full range of recent developments in the field of systematic approach, modern scalarisation principles, decomposition and aggregation techniques, graph theory, optimization algorithms, hierarchical synthesis structuring methods with consistent decision making. The task begins with the construction of information structures, which are linked oriented graphs. The vertices of the graphs are macro-level interaction tasks that carry out information exchange between local area network elements and local area networks, while arcs are information influences or messages. The structures for the micro level are accordingly constructed. Macro-level and micro-level interaction tasks are divided into three types: source resources; transit resources; user resources. The optimization of structures by quantitative factor is carried out in the local task of calculating rational amounts of information. The amount of information means the number of elementary characters. It should be noted that these are volumes of information that consist of basic rather than synthetic indicators. A reasonable amount of information must comply with the completeness of the information which are put forward by consumers task. If the amount of information is less than required, then the network element, the consumer, or the entire network will experience a lack of information. If the required volume is exceeded, there is an unproductive cost of generating, processing and transmitting information or the results of the tasks, as well as threats to the availability of the system. In the global case, the problem is much more complicated because part of the information flow can be an information destructive influence or a threat of breach of information security criteria.