scholarly journals Composition-driven symptom phrase recognition for Chinese medical consultation corpora

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Gu ◽  
Zhengya Sun ◽  
Wensheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Question Answering ◽  
Medical Consultation ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Automatic Annotation ◽  
Position Information ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Question Answering Systems ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Annotation Strategy

Abstract Background Symptom phrase recognition is essential to improve the use of unstructured medical consultation corpora for the development of automated question answering systems. A majority of previous works typically require enough manually annotated training data or as complete a symptom dictionary as possible. However, when applied to real scenarios, they will face a dilemma due to the scarcity of the annotated textual resources and the diversity of the spoken language expressions. Methods In this paper, we propose a composition-driven method to recognize the symptom phrases from Chinese medical consultation corpora without any annotations. The basic idea is to directly learn models that capture the composition, i.e., the arrangement of the symptom components (semantic units of words). We introduce an automatic annotation strategy for the standard symptom phrases which are collected from multiple data sources. In particular, we combine the position information and the interaction scores between symptom components to characterize the symptom phrases. Equipped with such models, we are allowed to robustly extract symptom phrases that are not seen before. Results Without any manual annotations, our method achieves strong positive results on symptom phrase recognition tasks. Experiments also show that our method enjoys great potential with access to plenty of corpora. Conclusions Compositionality offers a feasible solution for extracting information from unstructured free text with scarce labels.

scholarly journals Composing Questions through Conceptual Authoring

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Hallett ◽  
Donia Scott ◽  
Richard Power
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Question Answering ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Concept System ◽  
Complex Queries ◽  
Extensive Training ◽  
Question Answering Systems ◽  
Medical Histories

This article describes a method for composing fluent and complex natural language questions, while avoiding the standard pitfalls of free text queries. The method, based on Conceptual Authoring, is targeted at question-answering systems where reliability and transparency are critical, and where users cannot be expected to undergo extensive training in question composition. This scenario is found in most corporate domains, especially in applications that are risk-averse. We present a proof-of-concept system we have developed: a question-answering interface to a large repository of medical histories in the area of cancer. We show that the method allows users to successfully and reliably compose complex queries with minimal training.

scholarly journals Mitigating Biases in CORD-19 for Analyzing COVID-19 Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anshul Kanakia ◽  
Kuansan Wang ◽  
Yuxiao Dong ◽  
Boya Xie ◽  
Kyle Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Question Answering ◽  
Technology Policy ◽  
Citation Network ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Document Collections ◽  
White House ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Open Research ◽  
Question Answering Systems

On the behest of the Office of Science and Technology Policy in the White House, six institutions, including ours, have created an open research dataset called COVID-19 Research Dataset (CORD-19) to facilitate the development of question-answering systems that can assist researchers in finding relevant research on COVID-19. As of May 27, 2020, CORD-19 includes more than 100,000 open access publications from major publishers and PubMed as well as preprint articles deposited into medRxiv, bioRxiv, and arXiv. Recent years, however, have also seen question-answering and other machine learning systems exhibit harmful behaviors to humans due to biases in the training data. It is imperative and only ethical for modern scientists to be vigilant in inspecting and be prepared to mitigate the potential biases when working with any datasets. This article describes a framework to examine biases in scientific document collections like CORD-19 by comparing their properties with those derived from the citation behaviors of the entire scientific community. In total, three expanded sets are created for the analyses: 1) the enclosure set CORD-19E composed of CORD-19 articles and their references and citations, mirroring the methodology used in the renowned “A Century of Physics” analysis; 2) the full closure graph CORD-19C that recursively includes references starting with CORD-19; and 3) the inflection closure CORD-19I, that is, a much smaller subset of CORD-19C but already appropriate for statistical analysis based on the theory of the scale-free nature of the citation network. Taken together, all these expanded datasets show much smoother trends when used to analyze global COVID-19 research. The results suggest that while CORD-19 exhibits a strong tilt toward recent and topically focused articles, the knowledge being explored to attack the pandemic encompasses a much longer time span and is very interdisciplinary. A question-answering system with such expanded scope of knowledge may perform better in understanding the literature and answering related questions. However, while CORD-19 appears to have topical coverage biases compared to the expanded sets, the collaboration patterns, especially in terms of team sizes and geographical distributions, are captured very well already in CORD-19 as the raw statistics and trends agree with those from larger datasets.

scholarly journals A framework for enriching Data Warehouse analysis with Question Answering systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Ferrández ◽  
Alejandro Maté ◽  
Jesús Peral ◽  
Juan Trujillo ◽  
Elisa De Gregorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Warehouse ◽  
Question Answering ◽  
Question Answering Systems

scholarly journals Complex Factoid Question Answering with a Free-Text Knowledge Graph

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Zhao ◽  
Chenyan Xiong ◽  
Xin Qian ◽  
Jordan Boyd-Graber
Keyword(s):  
Question Answering ◽  
Knowledge Graph ◽  
Free Text

scholarly journals AnnotatorJ: an ImageJ plugin to ease hand-annotation of cellular compartments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Réka Hollandi ◽  
Ákos Diósdi ◽  
Gábor Hollandi ◽  
Nikita Moshkov ◽  
Péter Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Automatic Annotation ◽  
Cellular Analysis ◽  
Manual Labour ◽  
Cellular Compartments ◽  
Analysis Quality ◽  
Microscopy Images ◽  
Imagej Plugin ◽  
Better Than

AbstractAnnotatorJ combines single-cell identification with deep learning and manual annotation. Cellular analysis quality depends on accurate and reliable detection and segmentation of cells so that the subsequent steps of analyses e.g. expression measurements may be carried out precisely and without bias. Deep learning has recently become a popular way of segmenting cells, performing unimaginably better than conventional methods. However, such deep learning applications may be trained on a large amount of annotated data to be able to match the highest expectations. High-quality annotations are unfortunately expensive as they require field experts to create them, and often cannot be shared outside the lab due to medical regulations.We propose AnnotatorJ, an ImageJ plugin for the semi-automatic annotation of cells (or generally, objects of interest) on (not only) microscopy images in 2D that helps find the true contour of individual objects by applying U-Net-based pre-segmentation. The manual labour of hand-annotating cells can be significantly accelerated by using our tool. Thus, it enables users to create such datasets that could potentially increase the accuracy of state-of-the-art solutions, deep learning or otherwise, when used as training data.

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