scholarly journals Health system strengthening in fragile and conflict-affected states: a call to action

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel D. Landry ◽  
Clarissa Giebel ◽  
Tillie L. Cryer
Keyword(s):  
Health System Strengthening ◽  
Service Research ◽  
World Bank Group ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Lower Health ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
Bank Group ◽  
Conflict Affected States

AbstractAlthough the speed of global development has been impressive, not all countries have developed at the same pace. The World Bank Group (WBG) report that Fragile and Conflict-Affected States (FCAS) are those countries that have lower health and development outcomes, and risk not being able to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the next few years. Health systems play an important role in building capacity and infrastructure that can lead towards fulfilling the SDGs. In this editorial, we set the context, and launch a call to action, for a BMC Health Service Research Collection titled “Health services and systems in fragile and conflict-affected regions”.

scholarly journals 1167Disease Burden and Universal Health Coverage Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohei Okamoto ◽  
Keita Shimmmei ◽  
Tomonori Okamura
Keyword(s):  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Transition ◽  
World Bank Group ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Bank Group ◽  
Universal Health

Abstract Background Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) is a target of the Sustainable Development Goals, and the monitoring of its progress is of use to clarify what to be enhanced for better health. While the WHO and the World Bank Group jointly developed a scale with the above purpose (WHO/WB index: Hogan et al., 2018), it fails to reflect the fact that different needs to health coverages may exist depending on a stage of epidemiological transition. Methods To consider potential differences in health coverage needs depending on the stage of the epidemiological transition, we reformulated the index by incorporating weight as the proportion of age-adjusted mortality rate among monitored domains (i.e. reproductive, maternal, new-born and child health, infectious disease, non-communicable diseases [NCD]), of which data collected from the WHO Global Health Observatory. Additionally, we utilised indicators of policy achievements on NCD by the WHO’s Noncommunicable Diseases Progress Monitor 2015. Results The UHC progress monitored by the WHO/WB index had a mean of 61.83 (%) while it declined by about 4% point on average when NCD indicators were replaced. Furthermore, the UHC progresses evaluated with weights calculated from disease burden decreased by about 10% point for both measures, suggesting that some countries may not provide demanded health coverages. Conclusion The UHC progress decreased when disease burden for each country was taken into consideration. This indicates the necessity to assess the UHC progressby reflecting disease structure of each country, not by an identical scale for all nations. Key messages The monitoring of universal health coverage is required to reflect disease structure of each country.

Unveiling the Theoretical Mistakes in the World Bank Formation and its Implication on Survival of Africa Monetary Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Olatunji Abdul Shobande ◽  
Kingsley Chinonso Mark
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Monetary Union ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
World Bank Group ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Bank Group ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Developed Nations

Abstract The quest for urgent solution to resolve the world liquidity problem has continued to generate enthusiastic debates among political economists, policy makers and the academia. The argument has focused on whether the World Bank Group was established to enhance the stability of international financial system or meant to enrich the developed nations. This study argues that the existing political interest of the World Bank Group in Africa may serve as lesson learned to other ambitious African Monetary Union.

Sovereign Debt and Human Rights

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Credit Rating ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Audit Committees ◽  
World Bank Group ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Export Credits ◽  
Bank Group

The first book to address the links between sovereign debt and human rights. Authors are renowned jurists, economics, historians and social scientists, all of which examine the links between debt and human rights from a variety of angles. The book is structured around five basic parts. The first sets out the historical, political and economic context of sovereign debt. Indeed, without understanding how debt accumulates, why it is necessary and to whom it is owed, it is impossible to fully comprehend the full range of arguments about its impact on human rights. The second part effectively addresses the human rights dimension of the three types of sovereign lenders, namely inter-governmental financial institutions (IFIs) (chiefly those from the World Bank group and those within the EU framework), sovereigns and private lenders. Part II examines also debt-influencing mechanisms, and with the exception of vulture funds that will be analysed in Part V, here we examine the role of export credits, credit rating agencies and bilateral investment treaties. Part III goes on to make the link between debt and the manner in which the accumulation of sovereign debt violates human rights. From there, Part IV examines some of the conditions imposed by structural adjustment programs on debtor states with a view to servicing their debt. All of these conditionalities have been shown to exacerbate the debt itself at the expense also of economic sovereignty. It is thus explained in Part IV that such measures are not only injurious to the entrenched rights of peoples, but that moreover they exacerbate the borrower’s economic situation. Finally, Part V addresses the range of practical responses to sovereign debt, such as odious debt claims, unilateral repudiation, establishment of debt audit committees and others.

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