scholarly journals Mind the gap: residual malaria transmission, veterinary endectocides and livestock as targets for malaria vector control

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Chaccour ◽  
Gerry F. Killeen
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Malaria Vector Control ◽  
Residual Malaria Transmission

scholarly journals Quantifying and characterizing hourly human exposure to malaria vectors bites to address residual malaria transmission during dry and rainy seasons in rural Southwest Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Soma ◽  
B. Zogo ◽  
P. Taconet ◽  
A. Somé ◽  
S. Coulibaly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
World Health ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Malaria Vector Control ◽  
Residual Malaria Transmission ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

Abstract Background To sustain the efficacy of malaria vector control, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the combination of effective tools. Before designing and implementing additional strategies in any setting, it is critical to monitor or predict when and where transmission occurs. However, to date, very few studies have quantified the behavioural interactions between humans and Anopheles vectors in Africa. Here, we characterized residual transmission in a rural area of Burkina Faso where long lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) are widely used. Methods We analysed data on both human and malaria vectors behaviours from 27 villages to measure hourly human exposure to vector bites in dry and rainy seasons using a mathematical model. We estimated the protective efficacy of LLINs and characterised where (indoors vs. outdoors) and when both LLIN users and non-users were exposed to vector bites. Results The percentage of the population who declared sleeping under a LLIN the previous night was very high regardless of the season, with an average LLIN use ranging from 92.43 to 99.89%. The use of LLIN provided > 80% protection against exposure to vector bites. The proportion of exposure for LLIN users was 29–57% after 05:00 and 0.05–12% before 20:00. More than 80% of exposure occurred indoors for LLIN users and the estimate reached 90% for children under 5 years old in the dry cold season. Conclusions LLINs are predicted to provide considerable protection against exposure to malaria vector bites in the rural area of Diébougou. Nevertheless, LLIN users are still exposed to vector bites which occurred mostly indoors in late morning. Therefore, complementary strategies targeting indoor biting vectors in combination with LLIN are expected to be the most efficient to control residual malaria transmission in this area.

scholarly journals Integrity, use and care of long-lasting insecticidal nets in Kirinyaga County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Nyangi ◽  
Elizabeth Kigondu ◽  
Beatrice Irungu ◽  
Margaret Nganga ◽  
Anthony Gachanja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Malaria Vector Control ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets

Abstract Background Vector control is an essential component in prevention and control of malaria in malaria endemic areas. Insecticide treated nets is one of the standard tools recommended for malaria vector control. The objective of the study was to determine physical integrity and insecticidal potency of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) used in control of malaria vector in Kirinyaga County, Kenya. Method The study targeted households in an area which had received LLINs during mass net distribution in 2016 from Ministry of Health. A total of 420 households were sampled using systematic sampling method, where the household heads consented to participate in the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to assess care and use while physical examination was used to determine integrity. Chemical concentration was determined by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19. Results After 18 months of use, 96.9% (95% CI: 95.2–98.6%) of the distributed nets were still available. Regarding net utilization, 94.1% of household heads reported sleeping under an LLIN the previous night. After physical examination, 49.9% (95% CI: 43–52.8%) of the bed nets had at least one hole. The median number of holes of any size was 2[interquartile range (IQR) 1–4], and most holes were located on the lower part of the nets, [median 3 (IQR 2–5)]. Only 15% of the nets with holes had been repaired. The median concentration for α-cypermethrin was 7.15 mg/m2 (IQR 4.25–15.31) and 0.00 mg/g (IQR 0.00–1.99) for permethrin. Based on pHI, Chi-square test varied significantly with the manufacturer (X (6, N = 389) = 29.14, p = 0.04). There was no significant difference between nets with different number of washes (X2(2) = 4.55, p = 0.103). Conclusion More than three-quarters of the nets supplied had survived and insecticidal potency was adequate in vector control. Standard procedure for field evaluation of surface insecticidal content available to a mosquito after landing on a net to rest is recommended.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae to insecticides used for malaria vector control in Rwanda

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Hakizimana ◽  
Corine Karema ◽  
Dunia Munyakanage ◽  
Gad Iranzi ◽  
John Githure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Malaria Vector Control
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