scholarly journals Evaluation of human-baited double net trap and human-odour-baited CDC light trap for outdoor host-seeking malaria vector surveillance in Kenya and Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teshome Degefa ◽  
Delenasaw Yewhalaw ◽  
Guofa Zhou ◽  
Harrysone Atieli ◽  
Andrew K. Githeko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Vector Surveillance ◽  
Cdc Light Trap ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Human Odour

scholarly journals Effect of bendiocarb based (Ficam® 80% WP) Indoor Residual Spraying on feeding patterns of malaria vectors in Burkina Faso, West Africa.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIEN S. Aristide ◽  
Dieudonné Diloma Soma ◽  
Simon Pengwende Sawadogo ◽  
Serge Bèwadéyir Poda ◽  
Moussa Namountougou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Transmission Season ◽  
Cdc Light Trap ◽  
Biting Rate

Abstract Background : Vector control is a key component in malaria prevention strategies in many malaria endemic countries in Africa. In Burkina Faso, malaria transmission is seasonal in most parts of country, so a single round of spraying should provide effective protection against malaria, provided the insecticide remains effective over the entire malaria transmission season. The primary effects of IRS towards curtailing malaria transmission are : i) to reduce the life span of vector mosquitoes and ii) to reduce the density of the vector mosquitoes. Methods : CDC light trap and pyrethrum spray catches were carried out monthly to determine the change in malaria vector indices in sprayed (Diebougou) and unsprayed sites (Dano). The females malaria vectors collected by CDC light trap and PSC were used to determine their blood feeding and sporozoites rate using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and their biting rate and entomological inoculation rateResults: Three species belonging to the Anopheles gambiae complex (Anopheles gambiae s.s., Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles arabiensis) are present throughout the transmission season, but An. gambiae s.s.was the most frequent species of the complex (P =0.0005), comprising 88% of the total collected and the most infected species. Malaria vectors densities were significantly lower in sprayed villages (n=4,303) compared with unsprayed villages (n=12,569) during post-spraying period (P = 0.0012). In addition, mean human biting rate of An. gambiae sl and An. funestus ss were significantly lower in sprayed areas compared to unsprayed areas (P<0.05). Overall, malaria vector transmission risk was significant lower in villages which received IRS (P=0.0001) whatever the malaria vectors species (An. gambiae sl and An. funestus ss).Conclusion: The results showed that in the sprayed area (Diebougou), vector densities, human biting rates and malaria transmission risks were very lower than unsprayed areas (Dano). The findings also showed a change in vector behavior especially within An. funestus which became more zoophagic following IRS. The indoor residual spraying could be recommanded as control tool in areas where malaria transmission occured throughout the year.Keywords: Indoor residual spraying, bendiocarb, malaria vectors, mosquito feeding patterns, Burkina Faso.

scholarly journals Field evaluation of two commercial mosquito traps baited with different attractants and colored lights for malaria vector surveillance in Thailand

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alongkot Ponlawat ◽  
Patcharee Khongtak ◽  
Boonsong Jaichapor ◽  
Arissara Pongsiri ◽  
Brian P. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Vector Surveillance ◽  
Colored Lights

scholarly journals Indoor and outdoor malaria vector surveillance in western Kenya: implications for better understanding of residual transmission

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teshome Degefa ◽  
Delenasaw Yewhalaw ◽  
Guofa Zhou ◽  
Ming-chieh Lee ◽  
Harrysone Atieli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Vector Surveillance ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Residual Transmission ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Influence of moonlight on light-trap catches of the malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies (Diptera: Culicidae) in central India

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeru Singh A.K. Mishra ◽  
C.F. Curtis ◽  
V.P. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Central India ◽  
Moon Phase ◽  
Total Catch ◽  
Anopheles Culicifacies ◽  
Tribal People ◽  
Parity Rate ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractA significant effect of moon phase on light-trap catches of Anopheles species was observed during a longitudinal study carried out in a forested belt of Madhya Pradesh, India, inhabited by tribal people. However, moon phase does not seem to have any effect on the proportion of adult Anopheles culicifacies Giles in the total catch, or the parity rate in this species, which is the vector responsible for perennial transmission of malaria in the area.

scholarly journals Studi Bioekologi Vektor Malaria di Daerah (Yang Mendapat Sertifikat) Eliminasi Malaria di Kabupaten Jembrana, Bengkalis dan Bulukumba

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riyani Setiyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Vector Surveillance ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Anopheles Barbirostris ◽  
Anopheles Vagus

Abstract The target of malaria elimination in Indonesia is expected to be achieved in 2030. One of the activities to support malaria elimination is vector surveillance. Several districts in Indonesia have certificates of malaria, including Jembrana, Bali Province, Bulukumba, South Sulawesi Province, and Bengkalis, Riau Province. Analysis of the presence of malaria vectors and Plasmodium needs to be done for the potential occurances of malaria transmission in eliminated malaria areas. Bioecology study of malaria vectors were conducted to determine receptivity status and others risk factors and the potential for malaria transmission based on ecosystems in Jembrana, Bulukumba and Bengkalis districts. As part of national research of disease vector and reservoir (Rikhus Vektora), mosquitoes and larval field-collection methods, molecular plasmodium detection and blood meal analyses were carried out according Rikhus vektora guidelines. The result showed that Anopheles kochi and An. tesselatus were positive confirmed with Plasmodium falciparum by using PCR in Jembrana, Bali province, which were found in non-forest ecosystems near settlements and beaches near settlements. In addition, Anopheles barbirostris, Anopheles vagus, and Anopheles peditaeniatus were also positive confirmed with P. falciparum by using similar methods in Bulukumba, South Sulawesi province. An. barbirostris was found in forest ecosystems near settlement, Anopheles vagus was found in remote forest ecosystems of settlements and beaches near settlements, and Anopheles peditaenistus was found in non-forest ecosystems near settlements. While Anopheles sinensis was confirmed positive with P. falciparum in Bengkalis, Riau province. Jembrana, Bulukumba and Bengkalis districts are recognized as receptive areas and have potential for re-transmission of malaria. Vector surveillance and the implementation of approriate vector control and migration surveillance are needed to ascertain wheter the positive Anopheles with positives Plasmodium falciparum getting the parasites from imported cases or there has been a local transmission (indigenous) in these areas. This information is needed to prevent malaria re-transmission in the eliminated areas. Keywords : elimination, malaria, vector Abstrak Target eliminasi malaria di Indonesia harapannya dapat dicapai tahun 2030. Salah satu kegiatan yang dilakukan untuk menunjang elimnasi malaria adalah surveilans vektor. Beberapa Kabupaten di Indonesia telah memperoleh serfikat eliminasi malaria diantaranya Kabupaten Jembrana Propinsi Bali, Bulukumba Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan, dan Bengkalis Propinsi Riau. Analisis keberadaan vektor dan patogen malaria perlu dilakukan untuk melihat potensi terjadinya penularan malaria kembali di daerah yang telah mendapatkan sertifikat eliminasi malaria. Studi bioekologi vektor malaria dilakukan untuk mengetahui status reseptivitas dan faktor risiko lainnya, serta potensi penularan malaria berbasis ekosistem di daerah tersebut. Sebagai bagian dari dari Riset khusus (rikhus) vektora, koleksi lapangan nyamuk dan jentik, prosedur deteksi melekuler plasmodium dan analisis pakan darah dilakukan dengan menggunakan pedoman Rikhus vektora. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa Anopheles kochi dan Anopheles tesselatus, yang masing-masing ditemukan di eksoistem non hutan dekat pemukiman dan pantai dekat pemukiman ditemukan positif mengandung Plasmodium falciparum di Kabupaten Jembrana, Bali. Sedangkan di Kabupaten Bulukumba, Sulawesi Selatan, Anopheles barbirostris, Anopheles vagus, dan Anopheles peditaeniatus merupakan spesies Anopheles yang terkonfirmasi positif mengandung P. falciparum. An. barbirostris ditemukan di ekosistem hutan dekat pemukiman, Anopheles vagus ditemukan di ekosistem hutan jauh pemukiman dan pantai dekat pemukiman, dan Anopheles peditaenistus ditemukan di ekosistem non hutan dekat pemukiman. Sedangkan Anopheles sinensis merupakan satu-satunya spesies Anopheles yang ditemukan positif mengandung P. falciparum di Kabupaten Bengkalis, Riau. Dari hasil studi menunjukkan, Kabupaten Jembrana, Bulukumba, dan Bengkalis merupakan daerah reseptif dan berpotensi terjadinya penularan kembali malaria. Surveilans vektor dan implementasi pengendalian vektor yang tepat serta surveilans migrasi secara ketat diperlukan untuk memastikan apakah Anopheles yang positif tersebut mendapatkan parasit P. falciparum dari kasus import ataukah memang sudah terjadi transmisi secara lokal (indigenous) di wilayah tersebut. Hal ini perlu dilakukan agar tidak terjadi penularan kembali malaria di daerah yang sudah tereliminasi tersebut. Kata kunci: eliminasi, malaria, vektor

scholarly journals Host-seeking behavior and hourly biting rhythm of vectors in malaria endemic district of Arba Minch area, Southwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melkam Abiye Zeru ◽  
Simon Shibru ◽  
Fekadu Massebo
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Malaria Vector Control ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The early and outdoor biting behaviors of malaria vectors are among the key challenges in malaria control. Hence, understanding the host-seeking behavior and the peak biting time of malaria vectors is important in malaria vector control programs. This study assessed the host-seeking behavior and hourly biting activity of malaria mosquitoes in Chano Mille village in Arba Minch district, southwest Ethiopia. Methods The first trial was done by keeping cattle together with human that collects the entered mosquitoes in tent, while the other was done by keeping cattle outside a 1 m distance from human collector inside a tent. In both trials, mosquito collation was done inside tents baited by cattle and human using human landing catches (HLC) techniques. Four human volunteers’ were recruited and trained to collect mosquitoes in the four tents from 18:00-24:00 for three months. Two tents were selected randomly for human alone and two for cattle baited collections in the first night and then rotated to minimize the variation due to location of tents and collectors skill. The tent trial was done close to the shore of the Lake Abaya to minimize the interference of other animals on mosquito movement. The peak biting hour of malaria vectors was assessed within a Chano village from 18:00-6:00. Mosquito collation was done both indoor and outdoor by HLC. Morphological speciation of Anopheles mosquitoes was done. The sporozoite infectivity status of Anopheles pharoensis was examined using enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay technique. The data was analyzed using a Generalized Estimating Equations with a negative binomial distribution. Results An. pharoensis, An. gambiae complex and An. tenebrosus were the three species documented during the trial. Keeping cattle together with human collector inside the tent attracted 42% ( P < 0.001) more An. pharoensis compared to human alone tent. Also, keeping cattle outside near to a tent with human at 1 m distance, attracted the entering An. pharoensis into the tent inside with human by 46% ( P = 0.002) than human in a tent with no cattle outside the same tent. The impact was not significant for An. gambiae complex and An. tenebrosus. Anopheles pharoensis and An. gambiae complex showed early night biting activity with peak biting from 19.00-20:00 which was significant for both An. gambiae complex ( P < 0.001) and An. pharoensis ( P = 0.015). Anopheles gambiae complex was mainly biting humans outdoor in the village. Conclusions Finally, keeping cattle within and close to human dwellings could increase malaria vectors bite exposure particularly to the zoophilic malaria vector An. pharoensis and, hence deployment of cattle far from human residence could be recommended to reduce the human exposure. The outdoor and early hours biting behavior of the An. gambiae complex could be a threat for success of current indoor based interventions and hence, tools could be designed to reduce this threat.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Vektor Malaria di Daerah Sekitar PLTU Teluk Sirih Kecamatan Bungus Kota Padang Pada Tahun 2011

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rezka Gustya Sari ◽  
Nurhayati Nurhayati ◽  
Rosfita Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Anopheles Mosquito ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Genus Plasmodium ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

AbstrakMalaria adalah penyakit infeksi parasit yang disebabkan oleh protozoa obligat intraselular dari genus Plasmodium yang ditularkan nyamuk Anopheles. Bungus merupakan salah satu kecamatan dengan kasus malaria tinggi di Kota Padang, terdapat 69 kasus malaria pada tahun 2011. Pengendalian vektor malaria dibutuhkan pengetahuan mengenai spesies vector. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan spesies nyamuk tersangka vektor malaria. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari Oktober sampai November 2011. Nyamuk Anopheles di tangkap di dalam dan di luar ruangan menggunakan light trap dan umpan orang menggunakan aspirator. Penangkapan dilakukan pada malam hari pada jam 18.00 - 06.00 dan pagi hari pada jam 07.00 - 09.00. Semua nyamuk yang berhasil tertangkap diidentifikasi di bawah mikroskop. Bedasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan didapatkan nyamuk An.subpictus, An.sundaicus dan An.aconitus dengan persentase (49,5%), (29,4%) dan (14,7%). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa An.sundaicus, An.subpictus dan An.aconitus memiliki potensi yang besar dalam penularan penyakit malaria.                                 Kata kunci: malaria, vektor malaria AbstractMalaria is a disease caused by intracellular obligate protozoa, genus of plasmodium which is a parasite is carried by Anopheles mosquito. Bungus subdistrict is one of the areas that has high case of malaria in Padang district of Sumatera Barat Province, there were 69 case of malaria. Determination of method of control requires an understanding on the species of mosquito which serves as the vector and its behavior. The objective of this study was to assess fauna and the activity of Anopheles spp as suspected malaria vector. This research had done on October to November 2011. The Anopheles mosquitoes were collected indoor and outdoor by using light trap and human landing collection in the evening starting from 6 p.m - 6 a.m, in the morning from 7 - 9 a.m. All the Moquitoes were  brougt to the laboratory for identifications. The resut showed that An. subpictus (49.5%) An. sundaicus (29.4%) and A. aconitus (14.7%). were the suspected malaria vector that has important role in tranmission of malaria in this area.Keywords: malaria, malaria vektor

scholarly journals Host Landing And Diel Activity of Potent Vectors of Bluetongue Disease, Culicoides Oxystoma and Culicoides Peregrinus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuddhasattwa Maitra Mazumdar ◽  
Biswajit Mandal ◽  
Surajit Kar ◽  
Abhijit Mazumdar
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Effective Deterrent

Abstract Background The spread of bluetongue virus depends on the vectorial ability of Culicoides affecting the susceptible host. Animal farms in West Bengal have reported prevalence of potent vectors of BTV (C. oxystoma, C. peregrinus and C. fulvus). Besides, high seroprevalence of BTV was also reported from this cattle dense region. Henceforth host-seeking activity of two important potent vectors, C. oxystoma and C. peregrinus on cattle were studied in two farm sites of West Bengal, India.Methods The study was done in 2018-19 comprising of total 297 hours of collection over 27 nights. A comparison was made between the catches obtained by mouth aspirator and light trap. Hourly collections of Culicoides were done directly from cattle (oral aspirator) as well as light trap was operated in close vicinity of cattle at a different shed.Results A total of 11,462 Culicoides belonging to C. oxystoma, C. peregrinus and C. fulvus were collected in light trap and aspirator. In aspirator 4764 midges were collected whereas 6698 individuals were collected in light trap. The following species were aspirated: C. peregrinus and C. oxystoma; however the light trap catches consisted of C. fulvus, C. oxystoma and C. peregrinus. Light trap collection exhibited crepuscular activity whereas aspirator collection was maximum between 4.00 am and 5.00 am. Likewise maximum landing of midges was observed in neck and hump region of cattle.Conclusion It was observed that the preferred time of feeding of C. peregrinus and C. oxystoma on cattle were early morning hours though midges were ubiquitous from dusk to dawn. Surprisingly the preferential landing of the two vectors were mostly restricted to the neck and hump region of the cattle. The results obtained during the study warrants further insight into the factors influencing the landing site by the vectors which may be useful biological data in disease management and draw effective deterrent strategies.

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