scholarly journals Update on human exposure to glyphosate, with a complete review of exposure in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Gillezeau ◽  
Wil Lieberman-Cribbin ◽  
Emanuela Taioli
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Potential Relationship ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Children’S Exposure

Abstract Background Glyphosate, a commonly used pesticide, has been the topic of much debate. The effects of exposure to glyphosate remains a contentious topic. This paper provides an update to the existing literature regarding levels of glyphosate exposure in occupationally exposed individuals and focuses or reviewing all the available published literature regarding glyphosate exposure levels in children. Methods A literature review was conducted and any articles reporting quantifiable exposure levels in humans published since January 2019 (the last published review on glyphosate exposure) were reviewed and data extracted and standardized. Results A total of five new studies reporting exposure levels in humans were found including 578 subjects. Two of these studies focused on occupationally exposed individuals while three of them focused on glyphosate exposure levels in children. Given the sparse nature of the new data, previously identified studies on exposure to glyphosate in children were included in our analysis of children’s exposure. The lowest average level of glyphosate exposure reported was 0.28 μg/L and the highest average exposure levels reported was 4.04 μg/L. Conclusion The literature on glyphosate exposure levels, especially in children, remains limited. Without more data collected in a standardized way, parsing out the potential relationship between glyphosate exposure and disease will not be possible.

Human exposure to indoor air pollutants in sleep microenvironments: A literature review

2017 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 528-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon E. Boor ◽  
Michal P. Spilak ◽  
Jelle Laverge ◽  
Atila Novoselac ◽  
Ying Xu
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Indoor Air Pollutants

Pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors in raw and cooked seafood from European market: Concentrations and human exposure levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 570-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Álvarez-Muñoz ◽  
Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz ◽  
Silke Jacobs ◽  
Albert Serra-Compte ◽  
Nuria Cáceres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disruptors ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
European Market ◽  
Exposure Levels

scholarly journals Biomonitoring Studies Should Be Used by Regulatory Agencies to Assess Human Exposure Levels and Safety of Bisphenol A

2010 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 1051-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura N. Vandenberg ◽  
Ibrahim Chahoud ◽  
Vasantha Padmanabhan ◽  
Francisco J.R. Paumgartten ◽  
Gilbert Schoenfelder
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Exposure Levels

Estimate of safe human exposure levels for lunar dust based on comparative benchmark dose modeling

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 243-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. James ◽  
Chiu-Wing Lam ◽  
Patricia A. Santana ◽  
Robert R. Scully
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Benchmark Dose ◽  
Lunar Dust ◽  
Exposure Levels

scholarly journals Lipogenic Potency of Individual Perfluorinated Alkyl Acids (PFAAs) and Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) Mixtures at Human Blood-Based Exposure Levels on Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuling Xie ◽  
H.F. Berntsen ◽  
K.E. Zimmer ◽  
E. Ropstad ◽  
S. Verhaegen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Total Mixture ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Perfluorinated Alkyl Acids

Abstract Background In recent decades, the incidence of metabolic disorders has increased internationally. This increase has been linked to exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) but little is known about the metabolic effects of realistic human exposure mixtures at relevant concentrations. Objectives In this study we tested if POPs, representing real life exposure profiles and concentrations, were able to disrupt development and functions of adipose tissue in a direct way. Methods The lipogenic potency of a POP mixture modelled on levels found in human blood as detected in the Scandinavian population was assessed. The Total mixture comprises 29 compounds divided over three groups: chlorinated (Cl), brominated (Br), and perfluorinated compounds (PFAA). Individual PFAA chemicals, the Total mixture, and sub-mixtures (Cl, Br, PFAA, Cl + Br, Cl + PFAA, and Br + PFAA) at five (× 1/10, × 1, × 50, × 100, and × 500) human blood levels were tested in an optimised high content analysis (HCA) 3T3-L1 adipogenesis assay. Results Individual PFAAs; perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) promoted lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. The Total mixture, and the Cl, PFAA, Cl + Br, and Cl + PFAA sub-mixtures, promoted adipogenic differentiation and lipid accumulation. Increased lipid accumulation promoted adipose tissue expansion. Conclusions To the authors knowledge, this is the first in vitro bioassay study assessing the adipogenic effects of POP mixtures modelled on real-life human exposure levels. The findings highlight that such exposures may alter adipose tissue development and function, thus potentially playing a role in the globally increasing escalation of metabolic disorders.

Decabrominated diphenyl ether and methylmercury impair fetal nervous system development in mice at documented human exposure levels

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Mariani ◽  
Roberto Fanelli ◽  
Andrea Re Depaolini ◽  
Massimiliano De Paola
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
System Development ◽  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Exposure Levels

scholarly journals Origins of Risk Assessment in Food Safety Decision Making

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph V. Rodricks
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Almost All

FDA's efforts during the early 1970s to establish acceptable food exposure levels for carcinogenic animal drugs such as diethylstilbestrol (DES) led the agency to incorporate quantitative risk assessment into its decision-making process. During the nearly two decades since FDA first introduced risk assessment as a regulatory tool, its uses have been expanded to almost all areas of chemical regulation. The major driving forces behind this expansion have been (1) the need to deal systematically with the large number of commercially important chemicals that have been identified as animal carcinogens and that have been found to occur widely in the environment and (2) the large number of laws that now require regulatory agencies to establish limits on human exposure to these substances.

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