Effect of oral rehydration solution versus spring water intake during exercise in the heat on muscle cramp susceptibility of young men

Abstract Background Muscle cramp is a painful, involuntary muscle contraction, and that occurs during or following exercise is referred to as exercise-associated muscle cramp (EAMC). The causes of EAMC are likely to be multifactorial, but dehydration and electrolytes deficits are considered to be factors. This study tested the hypothesis that post-exercise muscle cramp susceptibility would be increased with spring water ingestion, but reduced with oral rehydration solution (ORS) ingestion during exercise. Methods Ten men performed downhill running (DHR) in the heat (35–36 °C) for 40–60 min to reduce 1.5–2% of their body mass in two conditions (spring water vs ORS) in a cross-over design. The body mass was measured at 20 min and every 10 min thereafter during DHR, and 30 min post-DHR. The participants ingested either spring water or ORS for the body mass loss in each period. The two conditions were counter-balanced among the participants and separated by a week. Calf muscle cramp susceptibility was assessed by a threshold frequency (TF) of an electrical train stimulation to induce cramp before, immediately after, 30 and 65 min post-DHR. Blood samples were taken before, immediately after and 65 min after DHR to measure serum sodium, potassium, magnesium and chroride concentrations, hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), and serum osmolarity. Changes in these varaibles over time were compared between conditions by two-way repeated measures of analysis of variance. Results The average (±SD) baseline TF (25.6 ± 0.7 Hz) was the same between conditions. TF decreased 3.8 ± 2.7 to 4.5 ± 1.7 Hz from the baseline value immediately to 65 min post-DHR for the spring water condition, but increased 6.5 ± 4.9 to 13.6 ± 6.0 Hz in the same time period for the ORS condition (P < 0.05). Hct and Hb did not change significantly (P > 0.05) for both conditions, but osmolarity decreased (P < 0.05) only for the spring water condition. Serum sodium and chloride concentrations decreased (< 2%) at immediately post-DHR for the spring water condition only (P < 0.05). Conclusions These results suggest that ORS intake during exercise decreased muscle cramp susceptibility. It was concluded that ingesting ORS appeared to be effective for preventing EAMC.

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Effect of oral rehydration solution versus spring water intake during exercise in the heat on muscle cramp susceptibility of young men

10.21203/rs.3.rs-96830/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wing Yin Lau ◽

Haruyasu Kato ◽

Kazunori Nosaka

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Oral Rehydration Solution ◽

Spring Water ◽

The Body ◽

Muscle Cramp ◽

Oral Rehydration ◽

Water Condition ◽

Water Ingestion ◽

Rehydration Solution

Abstract Background: Muscle cramp is a painful, involuntary muscle contraction, and occurs during or following exercise, which is referred to as exercise-associated muscle cramp (EAMC). The causes of EAMC are likely to be multifactorial, but dehydration and electrolytes deficits have been considered to be factors. This study tested the hypothesis that post-exercise muscle cramp susceptibility would be increased with spring water ingestion, but reduced with oral rehydration solution (ORS) ingestion during exercise. Methods: Ten men performed downhill running (DHR) in the heat (35–36°C) for 40–60 min to reduce 1.5–2% of their body mass in two conditions (spring water vs ORS) in a cross-over design. The body mass was measured at 20 min and every 10 min thereafter during DHR, and 30 min post-DHR. The participants ingested either spring water or ORS for the body mass loss in each period. The two conditions were counter-balanced among the participants and separated by a week. Calf muscle cramp susceptibility was assessed by a threshold frequency (TF) of an electrical train stimulation to induce cramp before, immediately after, 30 and 65 min post-DHR. Blood samples were taken before, immediately and 65 min after DHR to measure serum sodium, potassium, magnesium and chroride concentrations, hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), and serum osmolarity. Changes in these varaibles over time were compared between conditions by two-way repeated measures of analysis of variance. Results: The average (±SD) baseline TF (25.6 ± 0.7 Hz) was the same between conditions. TF decreased by 3.8 ± 2.7 to 4.5 ± 1.7 Hz from immediately to 65 min post-DHR for the spring water condition, but increased by 6.5 ± 4.9 to 13.6 ± 6.0 Hz in the same time period for the ORS condition (P<0.05). Hct and Hb did not change significantly (P>0.05) for both conditions, but osmolarity decreased (P<0.05) only for the spring water condition. Serum sodium and chloride concentrations decreased (<2%) at immediately post-DHR for the spring water condition only (P<0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that ORS intake during exercise decreased muscle cramp susceptibility. It was concluded that ingesting ORS appeared to be effective for preventing EAMC.

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Water intake after dehydration makes muscles more susceptible to cramp but electrolytes reverse that effect

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine ◽

10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000478 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. e000478 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Wing Yin Lau ◽

Haruyasu Kato ◽

Kazunori Nosaka

Keyword(s):

Water Intake ◽

Oral Rehydration Solution ◽

Spring Water ◽

Muscle Cramp ◽

Serum Electrolyte ◽

Muscle Cramps ◽

Oral Rehydration ◽

Water Ingestion ◽

Rehydration Solution ◽

Train Stimulation

ObjectiveNo previous study has compared water and oral rehydration solution (ORS) intake after dehydration induced by exercise in the heat for the effect on muscle cramps. The present study tested the hypothesis that water ingestion after dehydration would increase muscle cramp susceptibility, but this would be prevented by ORS ingestion.MethodsTen men performed two bouts of downhill running (DHR; −5%) in the heat (35°C–36 °C) until their body mass was reduced by 2%. Ten minutes after DHR, either spring water or electrolyte water similar to ORS (OS-1®) was ingested in a counter-balanced order on two different days separated by a week. Muscle cramp susceptibility was assessed by a threshold frequency (TF) of electrical train stimulation to induce cramp before, immediately after (0), and 30 and 60 min after the ingestion. Blood samples were taken before, immediately and 80 min after DHR to measure serum electrolyte concentrations.ResultsMuscle cramp susceptibility assessed by TF did not change from baseline to immediately after DHR for both conditions (water: 24.6 ± 2.1 Hz, OS-1®: 24.7 ± 1.4 Hz). TF decreased after water intake by 4.3 Hz (30 min) and 5.1 Hz (60 min post-ingestion), but increased after OS-1®intake by 3.7 and 5.4 Hz, respectively. Serum sodium and chloride concentrations decreased after water intake but maintained after OS-1®intake.ConclusionThese results suggest that water intake after dehydration makes muscles more susceptible to electrical simulation-induced muscle cramp, probably due to dilution of electrolytes, and when OS-1®is consumed, the susceptibility to muscle cramp decreases.

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Body Mass Index (BMI) is Associated with the Therapeutic Response to Oral Rehydration Solution in Children with Postural Tachycardia Syndrome

Pediatric Cardiology ◽

10.1007/s00246-016-1436-1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (7) ◽

pp. 1313-1318 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Hongxia Li ◽

Yuli Wang ◽

Ping Liu ◽

Yonghong Chen ◽

Xueli Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Therapeutic Response ◽

Oral Rehydration Solution ◽

Postural Tachycardia Syndrome ◽

Oral Rehydration ◽

Postural Tachycardia ◽

Rehydration Solution

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Sensory Perception of an Oral Rehydration Solution during Exercise in the Heat

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13103313 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 3313

Author(s):

Olivia Kitson ◽

Kay Rutherfurd-Markwick ◽

Andrew Foskett ◽

Jason Kai Wei Lee ◽

Charles Diako ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

Oral Rehydration Solution ◽

Hydration Status ◽

Oral Rehydration ◽

Beverage Samples ◽

Before And After ◽

Traditional Sports ◽

Flavored Water ◽

Rehydration Solution ◽

Hedonic Scale

Prolonged exercise in the heat elicits a number of physiological changes as glycogen stores are low and water and electrolytes are lost through sweat. However, it is unclear whether these changes provoke an increase in liking of saltiness and, therefore, palatability of an oral rehydration solution (ORS). Twenty-seven recreationally active participants (n = 13 males; n = 14 females) completed sensory analysis of an ORS, a traditional sports drink (TS), and a flavored water placebo (PL) at rest and during 60 min (3 × 20-min bouts) of cycling exercise at 70% age-predicted maximum heart rate (HRmax) at 35.3 ± 1.4 °C and 41 ± 6% relative humidity. Before and after every 20 min of exercise, drinks were rated (using 20-mL beverage samples) based on liking of sweetness, liking of saltiness, thirst-quenching ability, and overall liking on a nine-point hedonic scale. Hydration status was assessed by changes in semi-nude body mass, saliva osmolality (SOsm), and saliva total protein concentration (SPC). After 60 min of exercise, participants lost 1.36 ± 0.39% (mean ± SD) of body mass and there were increases in SOsm and SPC. At all time points, liking of sweetness, saltiness, thirst-quenching ability, and overall liking was higher for the TS and PL compared to the ORS (p < 0.05). However, the saltiness liking and thirst-quenching ability of the ORS increased after 60 min of exercise compared to before exercise (p < 0.05). There was also a change in predictors of overall liking with pre-exercise ratings mostly determined by liking of sweetness, saltiness, and thirst-quenching ability (p < 0.001), whereas only liking of saltiness predicted overall liking post-exercise (R2 = 0.751; p < 0.001). There appears to be a hedonic shift during exercise in which the perception of saltiness becomes the most important predictor of overall liking. This finding supports the potential use of an ORS as a valuable means of hydration during the latter stages of prolonged and/or intense exercise in the heat.

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Are oral rehydration solutions optimized for treating diarrhea?

Nutrition and Health ◽

10.1177/0260106021991641 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026010602199164

Author(s):

Samuel N Cheuvront ◽

Robert W Kenefick ◽

Laura Luque ◽

Katherine M Mitchell ◽

Sadasivan Vidyasagar

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Intestinal Absorption ◽

Turning Point ◽

Oral Rehydration Solution ◽

Salt Water ◽

Food Science ◽

Oral Rehydration ◽

Rehydration Solutions ◽

Rehydration Solution ◽

Stool Volume

Background: A historical turning point occurred in the treatment of diarrhea when it was discovered that glucose could enhance intestinal sodium and water absorption. Adding glucose to salt water (oral rehydration solution, ORS) more efficiently replaced intestinal water and salt losses. Aim: Provide a novel hypothesis to explain why mainstream use of ORS has been strongly recommended, but weakly adopted. Methods: Traditional (absorptive) and novel (secretory) physiological functions of glucose in an ORS were reviewed. Results: Small amounts of glucose can stimulate both intestinal absorption and secretion. Glucose can exacerbate a net secretory state and may aggravate pathogen-induced diarrhea, particularly for pathogens that affect glucose transport. Conclusion: A hypothesis is made to explain why glucose-based ORS does not appreciably reduce diarrheal stool volume and why modern food science initiatives should focus on ORS formulations that replace water and electrolytes while also reducing stool volume and duration of diarrhea.

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