scholarly journals Do educated women in Sierra Leone support discontinuation of female genital mutilation/cutting? Evidence from the 2013 Demographic and Health Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Kwabena Ameyaw ◽  
Sanni Yaya ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Linus Baatiema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Female Genital

Abstract Introduction Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) comprises all procedures that involve the total or partial elimination of the external genitalia or any injury to the female genital organ for non-medical purposes. More than 200 million females have undergone the procedure globally, with a prevalence of 89.6% in Sierra Leone. Education is acknowledged as a fundamental strategy to end FGM/C. This study aims to assess women's educational attainment and how this impacts their views on whether FGM/C should be discontinued in Sierra Leone. Methods We used data from the 2013 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 15,228 women were included in the study. We carried out a descriptive analysis, followed by Binary Logistic Regression analyses. We presented the results of the Binary Logistic Regression as Crude Odds Ratios (COR) and Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Most of the women with formal education (65.5%) and 15.6% of those without formal education indicated that FGM/C should be discontinued. Similarly, 35% of those aged 15–19 indicated that FGM/C should be discontinued. Women with a higher education level had a higher likelihood of reporting that FGM/C should be discontinued [AOR 4.02; CI 3.00–5.41]. Christian women [AOR 1.72; CI 1.44–2.04], those who reported that FGM/C is not required by religion [AOR 8.68; CI 7.29–10.34], wealthier women [AOR 1.37; CI 1.03–1.83] and those residing in the western part of Sierra Leone [AOR 1.61; CI 1.16–2.23] were more likely to state that FGM/C should be discontinued. In contrast, women in union [AOR 0.75; CI 0.62–0.91], circumcised women [AOR 0.41; CI 0.33–0.52], residents of the northern region [AOR 0.63; CI 0.46–0.85] and women aged 45–49 [AOR 0.66; CI 0.48–0.89] were less likely to report that FGM/C should be discontinued in Sierra Leone. Conclusion This study supports the argument that education is crucial to end FGM/C. Age, religion and religious support for FGM/C, marital status, wealth status, region, place of residence, mothers' experience of FGM/C and having a daughter at home are key influences on the discontinuation of FGM/C in Sierra Leone. The study demonstrates the need to pay critical attention to uneducated women, older women and women who have been circumcised to help Sierra Leone end FGM/C and increase its prospects of achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) three and five.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and determinant factors of Female Genital Mutilation among reproductive age women in Ethiopia, 2016; Based on Ethiopian National Demographic and Health Survey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atalay Goshu Muluneh ◽  
Getahun Molla Kassa ◽  
Mehari Mariam Merid
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Data Cleaning ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
P Value ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Female Genital ◽  
Variable Analysis

Abstract Background : Though condemned and considered as a crime by the countries government, Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) remains a common public health problem in Africa and Ethiopia as well. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the spatial distribution and associated factors of female genital mutilation in Ethiopia based on the Ethiopian demographic and Health survey 2016 data. Method: This is a secondary data analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 data based on 7,163 women who were included for FGM interview. The data was weighted using sampling weight as recommended by the program. The MS excel and ArcGIS 10.3 softwares were used for data cleaning and spatial analysis respectively. Global and local level clustering was assessed. For the none spatial data and the determinant factors, data cleaning and analysis was done using STATA 14. Multi-level mixed effect logistic regression model was fitted. Variables with P-value <0.25 in the bi-variable analysis were fitted in the multi-variable analysis. Finally, variables with p-value <0.05 with 95% CI of adjusted odds ratio were reported as a statistically significant determinants of FGM. Result : Female genital mutilation was spatially clustered (Global Moran’s I: 0.46, p<0.001). Significant hot spot clusters were found in Amhara, Oromia, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP) regions. Mothers age >30 (AOR=2.41, 95% CI: 1.78,3.26) years, never in union (AOR=0.31, 95%CI: 0.22, 0.44), currently not working (AOR=0.71, 95%CI: 0.55, 0.92), women who considered FGM to be continued (AOR=2.86, 95%CI: 1.75, 4.68), not heard of FGM (AOR=0.22, 95%CI: 0.08,0.62), had no formal education (AOR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.71), muslim (AOR=3.90, 95%CI:2.5, 6.09) and protestant (AOR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.25, 2.97), and those who thought of FGM as required by religion (AOR=1.99, 95%CI: 1.31,2.99) were found to be significant determinants of female genital mutilation. Conclusion: Female genital mutilation was spatially clustered with hotspot areas located. in Amhara, Oromia, and SNNP regions . Age of the mother, religion, occupation, educational level, marital status, information about Female genital mutilation, and intention about FGM to be stopped or continued were significant determinants of female genital mutilation Key words : Female Genital Mutilations, Spatial analysis

scholarly journals Female Genital Mutilation in Benin: Prevalence and Associated Factors Based on Data from the Demographic and Health Survey, 2011-2012

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Alphonse Kpozehouen ◽  
Yolaine Glele Ahanhanzo ◽  
Elvyre Klikpo ◽  
Colette Azandjame ◽  
Alphonse Chabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Female Genital

scholarly journals Factors associated with female genital mutilation among women of reproductive age and girls aged 0–14 in Chad: a mixed-effects multilevel analysis of the 2014–2015 Chad demographic and health survey data

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Female Genital

Abstract Background Chad is one of the African countries with high prevalence of female genital mutilation (FGM). The aim of this study was to examine the factors associated with FGM among women aged 15–49 and girls aged 0–14 in Chad. Methods Data for the study were obtained from the 2014–2015 Chad Demographic and Health Survey. FGM among women aged 15–49 and girls aged 0–14 were the outcome variables. The prevalence of FGM among women and girls were presented using percentages while a mixed-effects multilevel multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to assess the factors associated with FGM. The results were presented using adjusted odds ratio with associated 95% confidence intervals. Results The results indicate that more than half (50.2%) of the women and 12.9% of girls in Chad had been circumcised. Among women aged 15–49, level of education, employment status, ethnicity, religion, wealth quintile and community literacy level were significant predictors of FGM. Age, partner’s level of education, marital status, employment status, ethnicity, religion and mother’s FGM status were associated with FGM among girls aged 0–14. Conclusion This study has identified several individual and contextual factors as predictors of FGM among women and girls in Chad. The findings imply the need to adopt strategies aimed at addressing these factors in order to help eliminate the practice of FGM. Government and non-governmental organisations in Chad need to implement policies that enhance media advocacy and community dialogue to help deal with FGM in the country.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and determinant factors of Female Genital Mutilation among reproductive age women in Ethiopia, 2016; Based on Ethiopian National Demographic and Health Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atalay Goshu Muluneh ◽  
Getahun Molla Kassa ◽  
Mehari WoldeMariam Merid
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Data Cleaning ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
P Value ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Female Genital ◽  
Variable Analysis

Abstract Background : Though condemned and considered as a crime by the countries government, Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) remains a common public health problem in Africa and Ethiopia as well. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the spatial distribution and associated factors of female genital mutilation in Ethiopia based on the Ethiopian demographic and Health survey 2016 data. Method: This is a secondary data analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 data based on 7,163 women who were included for FGM interview. The data was weighted using sampling weight as recommended by the program. The MS excel and ArcGIS 10.3 softwares were used for data cleaning and spatial analysis respectively. Global and local level clustering was assessed. For the none spatial data and the determinant factors, data cleaning and analysis was done using STATA 14. Multi-level mixed effect logistic regression model was fitted. Variables with P-value <0.25 in the bi-variable analysis were fitted in the multi-variable analysis. Finally, variables with p-value <0.05 with 95% CI of adjusted odds ratio were reported as a statistically significant determinants of FGM. Result : Female genital mutilation was spatially clustered (Global Moran’s I: 0.46, p<0.001). Significant hot spot clusters were found in Amhara, Oromia, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP) regions. Mothers age >30 (AOR=2.41, 95% CI: 1.78,3.26) years, never in union (AOR=0.31, 95%CI: 0.22, 0.44), currently not working (AOR=0.71, 95%CI: 0.55, 0.92), women who considered FGM to be continued (AOR=2.86, 95%CI: 1.75, 4.68), not heard of FGM (AOR=0.22, 95%CI: 0.08,0.62), had no formal education (AOR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.71), muslim (AOR=3.90, 95%CI:2.5, 6.09) and protestant (AOR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.25, 2.97), and those who thought of FGM as required by religion (AOR=1.99, 95%CI: 1.31,2.99) were found to be significant determinants of female genital mutilation. Conclusion: Female genital mutilation was spatially clustered with hotspot areas located. in Amhara, Oromia, and SNNP regions . Age of the mother, religion, occupation, educational level, marital status, information about Female genital mutilation, and intention about FGM to be stopped or continued were significant determinants of female genital mutilation

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and determinant factors of Female Genital Mutilation among reproductive age women in Ethiopia, 2016; Based on Ethiopian National Demographic and Health Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atalay Goshu Muluneh ◽  
Getahun Molla Kassa ◽  
Mehari WoldeMariam Merid
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Data Cleaning ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
P Value ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Female Genital ◽  
Variable Analysis

Abstract Background: Though condemned and considered as a crime by the countries government, Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) remains a common public health problem in Africa and Ethiopia as well. Every year, more than 3 million females undergo FGM and most of them are in Africa. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the spatial distribution and associated factors of female genital mutilation in Ethiopia based on the Ethiopian demographic and Health Survey 2016 data.Method: This is a secondary data analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 data based on 7,163 women who were included for the FGM interview. The data were weighted using sampling weight as recommended by the program. The MS Excel and ArcGIS 10.3 software were used for data cleaning and spatial analysis respectively. Global and local level clustering was assessed. For the none spatial data and the determinant factors, data cleaning and analysis were done using STATA 14. Since the data has significant clustering with the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient [ICC=0.61(0.56, 0.65)], a multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression model was fitted. Variables with a P-value <0.25 in the bi-variable analysis were fitted in the multi-variable analysis. Finally, variables with p-value <0.05 with 95% CI of adjusted odds ratio were reported as a statistically significant determinant of FGM.Result: Female genital mutilation was spatially clustered (Global Moran’s I: 0.46, p<0.001). Significant hot spot clusters were found in Amhara, Oromia, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP) regions. Mothers age >30 (AOR=2.41, 95% CI: 1.78,3.26) years, never in union (AOR=0.31, 95%CI: 0.22, 0.44), currently not working (AOR=0.71, 95%CI: 0.55, 0.92), women who considered FGM to be continued (AOR=2.86, 95%CI: 1.75, 4.68), not heard of FGM (AOR=0.22, 95%CI: 0.08,0.62), had no formal education (AOR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.71), Muslim (AOR=3.90, 95%CI:2.5, 6.09) and protestant (AOR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.25, 2.97), and those who thought of FGM required by religion (AOR=1.99, 95%CI: 1.31,2.99) were found to be significant determinants of female genital mutilation.Conclusion: Female genital mutilation was spatially clustered with hotspot areas located:in Amhara, Oromia, and SNNP regions. Age of the mother, religion, occupation, educational level, marital status, information about Female genital mutilation, and intention about FGM to be stopped or continued were significant determinants of female genital mutilation

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and determinant factors of Female Genital Mutilation among reproductive age women in Ethiopia, 2016; Based on Ethiopian National Demographic and Health Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atalay Goshu Muluneh ◽  
Getahun Molla Kassa ◽  
Mehari WoldeMariam Merid
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Data Cleaning ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
P Value ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Dire Dawa ◽  
Female Genital ◽  
Variable Analysis

Abstract Background: Though condemned and considered as a crime by the countries government, Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) remains a common public health problem in Africa and Ethiopia as well. Every year, more than 3 million females undergo FGM and most of them are in Africa. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the spatial distribution and associated factors of female genital mutilation in Ethiopia based on the Ethiopian demographic and Health Survey 2016 data. Method: This is a secondary data analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 data based on 7,163 women who were included for the FGM interview. The data were weighted using sampling weight as recommended by the program. The MS Excel and ArcGIS 10.3 software were used for data cleaning and spatial analysis respectively. Global and local level clustering was assessed. For the none spatial data and the determinant factors, data cleaning and analysis were done using STATA 14. Since the data has significant clustering with the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient [ICC=0.61(0.56, 0.65)], a multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression model was fitted. Variables with a P-value <0.25 in the bi-variable analysis were fitted in the multi-variable analysis. Finally, variables with p-value <0.05 with 95% CI of adjusted odds ratio were reported as a statistically significant determinant of FGM. Result: Female genital mutilation was spatially clustered (Global Moran’s I: 0.48, p<0.001). Significant hot spot clusters were found in Eastern-Amhara, Oromia, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP) regions, Dire-Dawa, and Harari. Mothers age >30 (AOR=2.41, 95% CI: 1.78,3.26) years, never in union (AOR=0.31, 95%CI: 0.22, 0.44), currently not working (AOR=0.71, 95%CI: 0.55, 0.92), women who considered FGM to be continued (AOR=2.86, 95%CI: 1.75, 4.68), not heard of FGM (AOR=0.22, 95%CI: 0.08,0.62), had no formal education (AOR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.71), Muslim (AOR=3.90, 95%CI:2.5, 6.09) and protestant (AOR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.25, 2.97), and those who thought of FGM required by religion (AOR=1.99, 95%CI: 1.31,2.99) were found to be significant determinants of female genital mutilation.Conclusion: Female genital mutilation was spatially clustered with hotspot areas found:in Eastern-Amhara, Oromia, and SNNP regions, Dire-Dawa and Harari administrative. Age of the mother, religion, occupation, educational level, marital status, information about Female genital mutilation, and intention about FGM to be stopped or continued were significant determinants of female genital mutilation

scholarly journals Women’s empowerment and female genital mutilation intention for daughters in Sierra Leone: a multilevel analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Kwabena Ameyaw ◽  
Seun Anjorin ◽  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Olalekan A. Uthman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Wife Beating ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Female Genital

Abstract Background Female genital mutilation is common in Sierra Leone. Evidence indicates that empowering women provides protective benefits against female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C). Yet, the relationship between women’s empowerment and their intention to cut their daughters has not been explored in Sierra Leone. The aim of this study was to assess the association between women’s empowerment and their intention to have their daughters undergo FGM/C in the country. Methods Data for this study are from the 2013 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 7,706 women between the ages of 15 and 49 were included in the analysis. Analysis entailed generation of descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages), and estimation of multi-level logistic regression models to examine the association between women’s empowerment, contextual factors and their intentions to cut their daughters. Results A significantly higher proportion of women who participated in labour force reported that they intended to cut their daughters compared to those who did not (91.2%, CI = 90.4–91.9 and 86.0%, CI = 84.1–87.8, respectively). Similarly, the proportion intending to cut their daughters was significantly higher among women who accepted wife beating than among those who rejected the practice (94.9%, CI = 93.8–95.8 and 86.4% CI = 84.9–87.8, respectively). A significantly higher proportion of women with low decision-making power intended to cut their daughters compared to those with high decision-making power (91.0%, CI = 89.0–92.8 and 85.0% CI = 82.2–87.4, respectively). Results from multivariate regression analysis showed that the odds of intending to cut daughters were significantly higher among women who participated in labour force (aOR = 2.5, CI = 1.3–4.7) and those who accepted wife beating than among those who did not (aOR = 2.7, CI = 1.7–4.5). In contrast, the likelihood of intending to cut daughters was significantly lower among women with high than low knowledge (aOR = 0.4, CI = 0.3–0.7), and among those aged 45–49  than among those aged 15–19  (aOR = 0.2, CI = 0.0–0.6). Conclusion The findings underscore the need to align anti-FGM/C policies and programmes to women who have undergone FGM/C, those with low knowledge, women who support wife beating and young women. Such interventions could highlight the adverse implications of the practice by stressing the psychological, health and social implications of FGM/C on its survivors.

scholarly journals Does Antenatal Care Translate into Skilled Birth Attendance? Analysis of 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linus Baatiema ◽  
Edward Kwabena Ameyaw ◽  
Aliu Moomin ◽  
Mukaila Mumuni Zankawah ◽  
Doris Koramah
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Skilled Birth Attendance ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Birth Attendance

Background. Despite the high antenatal care attendance rate in Ghana, skilled birth attendance is relatively low. There is limited evidence on whether antenatal care attendance translates into skilled birth attendance in the Ghanaian research discourse. This study investigates whether antenatal care attendance translates into skilled birth. Methods. We extracted data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. Data were analysed using descriptive and binary logistic regression analyses at 5% confidence interval. Results. The descriptive findings indicated a vast variation between antenatal care attendance and skilled birth attendance. Skilled birth attendance was consistently low across almost all sociodemographic characteristics as compared to antenatal care attendance. The binary logistic regression analysis however indicated higher inclination toward skilled birth attendance among women who had at least four antenatal care visits [OR=5.87, CI=4.86-7.08]. The category of women noted to have higher tendencies of skilled birth attendance was those with higher/tertiary education [OR=9.13, CI=2.19-37.93], the rich [OR=4.27, CI=3.02-6.06], urban residents [OR=2.35, CI=1.88-2.93], women with maximum of four children [OR=1.36, CI=1.08-1.72], and those using modern contraceptives [OR=1.24, CI=1.03-1.50]. Conclusion. We recommend that interventions to enhance skilled birth attendance must target women who do not achieve at least four antenatal visits, those with low wealth standing, those not using contraceptives, and women without formal education. Again, an in-depth qualitative study is envisaged to deepen the understanding of these dynamics in the rural setting.

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