scholarly journals Discriminability of multiple cutaneous and proprioceptive hand percepts evoked by intraneural stimulation with Utah slanted electrode arrays in human amputees

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Page ◽  
Jacob A. George ◽  
Suzanne M. Wendelken ◽  
Tyler S. Davis ◽  
David T. Kluger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Stimulation Frequency ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Afferent Nerve Fibers ◽  
Sense Of Touch ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Background Electrical stimulation of residual afferent nerve fibers can evoke sensations from a missing limb after amputation, and bionic arms endowed with artificial sensory feedback have been shown to confer functional and psychological benefits. Here we explore the extent to which artificial sensations can be discriminated based on location, quality, and intensity. Methods We implanted Utah Slanted Electrode Arrays (USEAs) in the arm nerves of three transradial amputees and delivered electrical stimulation via different electrodes and frequencies to produce sensations on the missing hand with various locations, qualities, and intensities. Participants performed blind discrimination trials to discriminate among these artificial sensations. Results Participants successfully discriminated cutaneous and proprioceptive sensations ranging in location, quality and intensity. Performance was significantly greater than chance for all discrimination tasks, including discrimination among up to ten different cutaneous location-intensity combinations (15/30 successes, p < 0.0001) and seven different proprioceptive location-intensity combinations (21/40 successes, p < 0.0001). Variations in the site of stimulation within the nerve, via electrode selection, enabled discrimination among up to five locations and qualities (35/35 successes, p < 0.0001). Variations in the stimulation frequency enabled discrimination among four different intensities at the same location (13/20 successes, p < 0.0005). One participant also discriminated among individual stimulation of two different USEA electrodes, simultaneous stimulation on both electrodes, and interleaved stimulation on both electrodes (20/24 successes, p < 0.0001). Conclusion Electrode location, stimulation frequency, and stimulation pattern can be modulated to evoke functionally discriminable sensations with a range of locations, qualities, and intensities. This rich source of artificial sensory feedback may enhance functional performance and embodiment of bionic arms endowed with a sense of touch.

ATP concentrations and muscle tension increase linearly with muscle contraction

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Li ◽  
Nicholas C. King ◽  
Lawrence I. Sinoway
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Ventral Root ◽  
Ventral Roots ◽  
Root Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Previous studies have suggested that activation of ATP-sensitive P2X receptors in skeletal muscle play a role in mediating the exercise pressor reflex (Li J and Sinoway LI. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 283: H2636–H2643, 2002). To determine the role ATP plays in this reflex, it is necessary to examine whether muscle interstitial ATP (ATPi) concentrations rise with muscle contraction. Accordingly, in this study, muscle contraction was evoked by electrical stimulation of the L7 and S1 ventral roots of the spinal cord in 12 decerebrate cats. Muscle ATPi was collected from microdialysis probes inserted in the muscle. ATP concentrations were determined by the HPLC method. Electrical stimulation of the ventral roots at 3 and 5 Hz increased mean arterial pressure by 13 ± 2 and 16 ± 3 mmHg ( P < 0.05), respectively, and it increased ATP concentration in contracting muscle by 150% ( P < 0.05) and 200% ( P < 0.05), respectively. ATP measured in the opposite control limb did not rise with ventral root stimulation. Section of the L7 and S1 dorsal roots did not affect the ATPi seen with 5-Hz ventral root stimulation. Finally, ventral roots stimulation sufficient to drive motor nerve fibers did not increase ATP in previously paralyzed cats. Thus ATPi is not largely released from sympathetic or motor nerves and does not require an intact afferent reflex pathway. We conclude that ATPi is due to the release of ATP from contracting skeletal muscle cells.

Interaction of descending spinal sympathetic pathways and afferent nerves

1978 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. H223-H229
Author(s):  
S. M. Barman ◽  
R. D. Wurster
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Afferent Nerves ◽  
Afferent Nerve Fibers ◽  
Somatosympathetic Reflex ◽  
Reflex Activation ◽  
Dorsolateral Funiculus ◽  
Ventrolateral Funiculus ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Excitatory Pathway

With the use of computer-aided techniques, the interaction of descending spinal sympathetic pathways and afferent nerve fibers (cervical dorsal roots and tibial nerve) in regulation of thoracic (T2) preganglionic nerve activity was investigated in anesthetized, vagotomized, and paralyzed cats. High-frequency activation of a sympathoinhibitory pathway (ventrolateral funiculus) depressed the evoked discharges in the T2 preganglionic nerve elicited by stimulation of a sympathoexcitatory pathway (dorsolateral funiculus) and the spinal component of the somatosympathetic reflex. Submaximal evoked responses were also inhibited through baroreceptor reflex activation (blood pressure elevations up to 225 mmHg). Facilitation of the spinal component of the somatosympathetic reflex occurred during stimulation of the excitatory pathway. Carotid occlusion (baroreceptor inactivation) facilitated the submaximal evoked discharges from stimulation of the descending excitatory pathway. These data support the contention that sympathetic nerve activity can be modified by the integration of excitatory and inhibitory impulses at the spinal level.

Sympathoadrenal system and activation of glycogenolysis during muscular activity

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1122-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Cartier ◽  
P. D. Gollnick
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
Stimulation Frequency ◽  
Sympathoadrenal System ◽  
Phosphate Depletion ◽  
Peak Value ◽  
Stimulation Of

Comparisons were made of the appearance of phosphorylase (PHOS) a and lactate (LA) during electrical stimulation of the gastrocnemius (GM) and soleus (SM) muscles of normal and sympathectomized (SYMPX) rats. Ten-second stimulation at 3 Hz increased PHOS a approximately fourfold in the GM of normal rats, whereafter it declined during stimulation until at 60 s it was similar to rest. The increase in PHOS a of GM from SYMPX rats after 10 s of stimulation was approximately 50% that of normal rats. Stimulation of the SM produced smaller and slower increases in PHOS a with the peak occurring after 60 s, which remained constant to 90 s. SYMPX did not alter this effect in the SM. LA production and creatine phosphate depletion in the GM were continuous throughout stimulation and uninfluenced by SYMPX. This was true for the SM with the exception of LA production being greater after SYMPX. [ATP] was unchanged by electrical stimulation. The rate and magnitude of the PHOS a appearance was a function of stimulation frequency. Reversion of PHOS to the b form after stimulation was rapid, with approximately 50% of the peak value being attained in 2.5 s, and at 5 s the values were those of rest. These data demonstrate that an intact sympathoadrenal system is not obligatory for the initiation of glycogenolysis in skeletal muscle.

Relationships between permeable vessels, nerves, and mast cells in rat cutaneous neurogenic inflammation

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 2305-2311 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Baraniuk ◽  
M. L. Kowalski ◽  
M. A. Kaliner
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Neurogenic Inflammation ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Neurokinin A ◽  
Rat Skin ◽  
Protein Extravasation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Electrical stimulation of rat sensory nerves produces cutaneous vasodilation and plasma protein extravasation, a phenomenon termed “neurogenic inflammation”. Rat skin on the dorsum of the paw developed neurogenic inflammation after electrical stimulation of the saphenous nerve. In tissue sections, the extravasation of the supravital dye monastral blue B identified permeable vessels. Mast cells were identified by toluidine blue stain. Permeable vessels were significantly more dense in the superficial 120 microns of the dermis than in the deeper dermis, whereas mast cells were significantly more frequent in the deeper dermis. The relationships between nociceptive sensory nerve fibers, permeable vessels, and mast cells were examined by indirect immunohistochemistry for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neurokinin A (NKA), and substance P (SP). CGRP-, NKA-, and SP-containing nerves densely innervated the superficial dermis and appeared to innervate the vessels that became permeable during neurogenic inflammation. In contrast, mast cells were not associated with either permeable vessels or nerve fibers. These data suggest that electrical stimulation of rat sensory nerves produces vascular permeability by inducing the release of neuropeptides that may directly stimulate the superficial vascular bed. Mast cells may not be involved in this stage of cutaneous neurogenic inflammation in rat skin.

scholarly journals ASCENT (Automated Simulations to Characterize Electrical Nerve Thresholds): A pipeline for sample-specific computational modeling of electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. e1009285
Author(s):  
Eric D. Musselman ◽  
Jake E. Cariello ◽  
Warren M. Grill ◽  
Nicole A. Pelot
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Simulation Data ◽  
Stimulation Parameters ◽  
Neural Anatomy ◽  
Disease And Disorders ◽  
Stimulation Of

Electrical stimulation and block of peripheral nerves hold great promise for treatment of a range of disease and disorders, but promising results from preclinical studies often fail to translate to successful clinical therapies. Differences in neural anatomy across species require different electrodes and stimulation parameters to achieve equivalent nerve responses, and accounting for the consequences of these factors is difficult. We describe the implementation, validation, and application of a standardized, modular, and scalable computational modeling pipeline for biophysical simulations of electrical activation and block of nerve fibers within peripheral nerves. The ASCENT (Automated Simulations to Characterize Electrical Nerve Thresholds) pipeline provides a suite of built-in capabilities for user control over the entire workflow, including libraries for parts to assemble electrodes, electrical properties of biological materials, previously published fiber models, and common stimulation waveforms. We validated the accuracy of ASCENT calculations, verified usability in beta release, and provide several compelling examples of ASCENT-implemented models. ASCENT will enable the reproducibility of simulation data, and it will be used as a component of integrated simulations with other models (e.g., organ system models), to interpret experimental results, and to design experimental and clinical interventions for the advancement of peripheral nerve stimulation therapies.

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