scholarly journals Recent advances in (chemo-)radiation therapy for rectal cancer: a comprehensive review

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Roeder ◽  
E. Meldolesi ◽  
S. Gerum ◽  
V. Valentini ◽  
C. Rödel
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Organ Preservation ◽  
Neoadjuvant Treatment ◽  
Treatment Intensification ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Distant Failure ◽  
Late Treatment

Abstract The role of radiation therapy in the treatment of (colo)-rectal cancer has changed dramatically over the past decades. Introduced with the aim of reducing the high rates of local recurrences after conventional surgery, major developments in imaging, surgical technique, systemic therapy and radiation delivery have now created a much more complex environment leading to a more personalized approach. Functional aspects including reduction of acute or late treatment-related side effects, sphincter or even organ-preservation and the unsolved problem of still high distant failure rates have become more important while local recurrence rates can be kept low in the vast majority of patients. This review summarizes the actual role of radiation therapy in different subgroups of patients with rectal cancer, including the current standard approach in different subgroups as well as recent developments focusing on neoadjuvant treatment intensification and/or non-operative treatment approaches aiming at organ-preservation.

scholarly journals A systematic review of the role of carbon ion radiation therapy in recurrent rectal cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1218-1223
Author(s):  
Bhanu Prasad Venkatesulu ◽  
Prashanth Giridhar ◽  
Timothy D. Malouf ◽  
Daniel M. Trifletti ◽  
Sunil Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Recurrent Rectal Cancer ◽  
Carbon Ion

scholarly journals Long-term Outcome of an Organ Preservation Program After Neoadjuvant Treatment for Rectal Cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 108 (12) ◽  
pp. djw171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milou H. Martens ◽  
Monique Maas ◽  
Luc A. Heijnen ◽  
Doenja M. J. Lambregts ◽  
Jeroen W. A. Leijtens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Organ Preservation ◽  
Neoadjuvant Treatment ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome

Improved Outcomes for Rectal Cancer in the Era of Preoperative Chemoradiation and Tailored Mesorectal Excision: A Series of 338 Consecutive Cases

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-161
Author(s):  
Fabio Pacelli ◽  
Alejandro M. Sanchez ◽  
Marcello Covino ◽  
Antonio P. Tortorelli ◽  
Maurizio Bossola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Local Recurrence ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Neoadjuvant Treatment ◽  
Intraoperative Radiotherapy ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Mesorectal Excision ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy

Neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT), tailored mesorectal excision, and intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) have become the leading measures for rectal cancer treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate early and long-term results of a multimodal treatment model for rectal cancer followed by curative surgery. Prospectively collected hospital records of 338 patients surgically treated for rectal cancer between January 1998 and December 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with high rectum level cancers and those with middle and low rectum cancers with clinical stage T1 to T2 underwent surgery, whereas those with T3 to T4 and N1 disease at the middle and low rectum received neoadjuvant CRT in 96.2 per cent of cases. Short-course neoadjuvant radiotherapy was not considered for neoadjuvant treatment. Postoperative major complications and mortality rates were 12.7 and 2.3 per cent, respectively. Overall 5-year disease-specific and disease-free survival were 80 and 73.1 per cent, respectively, whereas local recurrence rate was 6.1 per cent. At multivariate analysis, nodal status and circumferential margin status were independently associated with poor survival; local recurrence rates were independently affected by nodal and marginal status and tumor stage. The extent of mesorectal excision should be tailored depending on tumor location and the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, combined with IORT in advanced middle and low rectal cancer, leading to remarkable tumor downstaging with excellent prognosis in responding patients.

Role of Recent Advances of Diffusion Weighted MRI in Assessment of Therapeutic Response of Rectal Cancer

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser Ali Mohamed ◽  
Ahmed Abdel Aziz Abo Zeid ◽  
Enas Ahmed Azab ◽  
Rasha Salah ElDin Hussein ◽  
Mona Ahmed Abo EL-ELa Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Neoadjuvant Treatment ◽  
Response Monitoring ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adc Values

Abstract Aim of the work The purpose of this study is to determine the role of DWI-MRI in the pretreatment prediction and early response monitoring to neoadjuvant treatment in rectal cancer. Materials and Methods The study included 24 patients with pathologically proven cancer rectum and who were subjected to neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy. Each patient was imaged twice on an MRI machine; a base line pre neoadjuvant treatment and 8 weeks after finishing the neoadjuvant treatment. We focused on the feasibility of DWI as well as the morphological changes according to size (maximum craniocaudal dimension).Conventional sequences were viewed first to identify the lesion and measure its size (maximum craniocaudal dimension) then DWI images were viewed. The ADC parameter was calculated. Results were compared before and after neoadjuvant therapy. Results The ADC values before and after NACT were significantly higher in the responder group, suggesting that ADC values might be useful in assessing the good response before surgery. Conclusion In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that adding DW MR imaging to conventional MR imaging yields better diagnostic accuracy than use of conventional MR imaging alone in the evaluation of treatment response to neoadjuvant CRT in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

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