Efficacy of exposure in group settings for youth with posttraumatic stress symptoms

Abstract Background Exposure to traumatic experiences is a fundamental part of evidence-based trauma-focused cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) but in group settings it is discussed controversially among researchers and practitioners. This study aims to examine the individual participants’ stress level during group sessions with exposure and disclosure of traumatic events. Method N = 47 traumatized youth (Mage = 17.00, 94% male) participated in a group intervention comprising six 90-min group sessions (exposure in sessions 2–5). It is based on trauma-focused CBT principles. The individual stress level was assessed by the participants and group facilitators at the beginning, during, and at the end of every session. Results During the sessions including exposure, the stress level of the participants was higher than during sessions without exposure (Z = − 3.79; p ≤ .001). During the exposure sessions, the participants showed significant changes in stress level (d = 0.34–0.87) following an inverse U-shaped trend. Conclusion The results show that exposure is feasible within the scope of a trauma-focused group intervention for youth. The further dissemination of trauma-focused group treatments is an important component in the mental health care of children and youth who are traumatized.

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Efficacy of Exposure in Group Settings for Youth With Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms

10.21203/rs.3.rs-656813/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elisa Pfeiffer

Keyword(s):

Stress Level ◽

Group Intervention ◽

Behavioral Treatment ◽

Traumatic Experiences ◽

Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽

Group Settings ◽

Traumatized Children ◽

Group Sessions ◽

Exposure Sessions ◽

The Individual

Abstract Background: Exposure to traumatic experiences is a fundamental part of evidence-based trauma-focused cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) but in group settings it is discussed controversially among researchers and practitioners. This study aims to examine the individual participants’ stress level during group sessions with exposure and disclosure of traumatic events.Method: N = 47 traumatized youth (Mage = 17.00, 94% male) participated in a group intervention comprising six 90-minute group sessions (exposure in sessions 2-5). It is based on trauma-focused CBT principles. The individual stress level was assessed by the participants and group facilitators at the beginning, during, and at the end of every session. Results: During the sessions including exposure, the stress level of the participants was higher than during sessions without exposure (Z = -3.79; p ≤ .001). During the exposure sessions, the participants showed significant changes in stress level (d = 0.34 - 0.87) following an inverse U-shaped trend.Conclusion: The results show that exposure is feasible within the scope of a trauma-focused group intervention for youth. The further dissemination of trauma-focused group treatments is an important component in the mental health care of traumatized children and youth.

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Effectiveness of Group and Individual Formats of a Combined Motivational Interviewing and Cognitive Behavioral Treatment Program for Problem Gambling: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1017/s1352465809990701 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 233-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Tian P. S. Oei ◽

Namrata Raylu ◽

Leanne M. Casey

Keyword(s):

Motivational Interviewing ◽

Group Treatment ◽

Behavioral Treatment ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽

Psychological States ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Treatment Conditions ◽

The Individual

Background: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of group and individual formats of a combined motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) program for problem gamblers (PGs) using a randomized controlled design. Method: One hundred and two PGs were randomly assigned to individual or group CBT conditions. Twenty-eight of these participants were randomly allocated to a 6-week waitlist control condition prior to receiving the designated treatment. Results: At post-treatment, there were significant improvements in all dependent variables (frequency and amount gambled, gambling urges, gambling cognitions, negative psychological states, and life satisfaction) for both the treatment conditions but not for the waitlist condition. Individuals that completed the individual (compared to group) treatment condition generally had higher effect sizes for gambling correlates. Therapeutic gains for gambling correlates were generally maintained at 6-month follow-up. Conclusions: A combined motivational interviewing and CBT program applied in group or individual format can improve PG behaviors, as well as gambling correlates.

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Maria and Andrea: Comparing Positive and Negative Outcome Cases in an Online, Clinician-Guided, Self-Help Intervention for Panic Disorder

Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy ◽

10.14713/pcsp.v13i3.2011 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 173 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amalia M. Ciuca ◽

Thomas Berger ◽

Mircea Miclea

Keyword(s):

Panic Disorder ◽

Behavioral Treatment ◽

Service Use ◽

Psychological Treatment ◽

Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽

Client Characteristics ◽

Care Needs ◽

Individual Client ◽

The Individual ◽

Negative Outcome

<p>Hundreds of clinical trials offer strong efficacy evidence that Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment (ICBT) interventions can contribute substantially to reducing the gap between mental health care needs and service use by providing better access to quality treatments. However, in order to use these interventions more efficiently, we need to find the best ways to tailor the interventions according to individual client characteristics, such as severity of symptoms, comorbidity problems, personality traits, life context, and position on the stage-of-change continuum. In line with this, this article documents how the individual process of psychological treatment unfolds during a specific IBCT program for Panic Disorder, called "PAXonline," with therapist guidance via Skype. The challenges and progress made by the two clients—a positive-outcome client named "Maria," and a negative-outcome client named "Andrea"—are presented using the particular mixed-methods model approach proposed by Fishman (2008; 2017), called the "Individual–Case-Comparison" (ICC) method. Contrasting Maria and Andrea’s case studies explores the role that individual client characteristics can play in determining outcome in ICBT treatment. </p>

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Evolution of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Quality of Life throughout a Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Workplace Trauma Victims

Journal of Mental Disorders and Treatment ◽

10.4172/2471-271x.1000137 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 03 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Lacerte Sophie ◽

Beaulieu Prevost Dominic ◽

Guay Stephane ◽

Belleville Genevieve ◽

Marchand Andre

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Behavioral Treatment ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽

Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽

Workplace Trauma ◽

Stress Symptoms ◽

Trauma Victims

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Efficacy of psychological interventions on psychological outcomes in coronary artery disease: systematic review and meta-analysis

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291720000598 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Inés Magán ◽

Laura Casado ◽

Rosa Jurado-Barba ◽

Haley Barnum ◽

Marta M. Redondo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Behavioral Treatment ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Psychological Outcomes ◽

Future Research ◽

Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽

Artery Disease ◽

The Individual

Abstract Background The benefits of cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) and positive psychology therapy (PPT) in patients with cardiovascular disease are still not well defined. We assessed the efficacy of CBT and PPT on psychological outcomes in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Methods Randomized controlled trials evaluating CBT or PPT in CAD patients published until May 2018 were systematically analyzed. Primary outcomes were depression, stress, anxiety, anger, happiness, and vital satisfaction. Random effects meta-analyses using the inverse variance method were performed. Effects were expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) or mean differences (MD) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs); risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane tool. Results Nineteen trials were included (n = 1956); sixteen evaluated CBT (n = 1732), and three PPT (n = 224). Compared with control groups, depressive symptoms (13 trials; SMD −0.80; 95% CI −1.33 to −0.26), and anxiety (11 trials; SMD −1.26; 95% CI −2.11 to −0.41) improved after the PI, and depression (6 trials; SMD −2.08; 95% CI −3.22 to −0.94), anxiety (5 trials; SMD −1.33; 95% CI −2.38 to −0.29), and stress (3 trials; SMD −3.72; 95% CI −5.91 to −1.52) improved at the end of follow-up. Vital satisfaction was significantly increased at follow-up (MD 1.30, 0.27, 2.33). Non-significant effects on secondary outcomes were found. Subgroup analyses were consistent with overall analyses. Conclusion CBT and PPT improve several psychological outcomes in CAD patients. Depression and anxiety improved immediately after the intervention while stress and vital satisfaction improve in the mid-term. Future research should assess the individual role of CBT and PPT in CAD populations.

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