Traumatized Children in Hungary After World War II

This chapter examines how children’s wartime suffering was culturally constructed in postwar Hungary. Laine-Frigren uses a wide variety of source materials, such as published expert discourse, journalism and ego documents to explore how children’s suffering was interpreted and worked upon in different contexts, how the processes of healing were understood, and what kind of political meanings were attributed to children’s traumas. The particular focus is on the agency of people who did actual practical work with children, such as psychologists, teachers and civil society activists. The chapter suggests a multiplicity of responses to childhood trauma, from abstract and future-oriented policy-talk to teachers and psychologists promoting specific ways of healing such as offering children moments of joy, taking them on nature trips and exploring poetry.

Evaluation The Effects of Home Accidents to The Traumatic Dental Injuries of Primary Teeth

Objective:The primary aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the effects of home accidents(HAs) on the traumatic dental injuries(TDIs) of primary teeth. Furthermore, the secondary aim was to bring attention to the importance of preventive measures for HAs, especially in this pandemic period where children all over the world spend most of their time in their homes due to coronavirus(COVID-19) disease. Material and Methods:The records of the patients with TDIs of the primary teeth, aged 6 months-8 years, who applied to the xxxxxxxxxUniversity, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, between the years 2000¬2010 and yyyyyyyyUniversity, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, between the years 2012–2019 were investigated. Results:The sample consisted of 504 children that had TDIs to the primary teeth. The age range of the children was 1–8 years(3.5±1.8years old) and 37.3%(n=188) of the patients were girls and 62.7%(n=316) boys. The prevalence of the TDIs due to HAs was found to be 43.25%(n=218). A total of 380 teeth in the 218 patients who were found to have TDIs due to HAs were examined. The highest prevalence of traumatized children was in the age range 2-4 years(63.3%). Collisions with objects(45%) were found to be most common causes of dental trauma and the most common type of injury was found to be lateral luxation(35.8%). Conclusions:Measures to prevent HAs should primarily target preschool children, the riskiest group. Accidents can be largely prevented by taking simple precautions such as providing a safe environment for children's healthy mental and physical development at home. Key words: Home accidents, Dental trauma, Primary teeth,

Efficacy of Exposure in Group Settings for Youth With Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms

Background: Exposure to traumatic experiences is a fundamental part of evidence-based trauma-focused cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) but in group settings it is discussed controversially among researchers and practitioners. This study aims to examine the individual participants’ stress level during group sessions with exposure and disclosure of traumatic events.Method: N = 47 traumatized youth (Mage = 17.00, 94% male) participated in a group intervention comprising six 90-minute group sessions (exposure in sessions 2-5). It is based on trauma-focused CBT principles. The individual stress level was assessed by the participants and group facilitators at the beginning, during, and at the end of every session. Results: During the sessions including exposure, the stress level of the participants was higher than during sessions without exposure (Z = -3.79; p ≤ .001). During the exposure sessions, the participants showed significant changes in stress level (d = 0.34 - 0.87) following an inverse U-shaped trend.Conclusion: The results show that exposure is feasible within the scope of a trauma-focused group intervention for youth. The further dissemination of trauma-focused group treatments is an important component in the mental health care of traumatized children and youth.

Management of Pediatric Abdominal Trauma in Countries with Limited Resources: Is Computed Tomography Indispensable for a Good Result?

Background Abdominal trauma are a common cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Aim To assess the relevance of computed tomography scan for the management of abdominal trauma in children in countries with limited resources. Patients and method: It was a retrospective and descriptive study over 5 years in patients aged 0 to 15 years. Results Twenty four cases of abdominal trauma were collected. There were 14 boys and 10 girls with a sex ratio of 1.4. The average age was 8.7 years with extremes of 18 months and 15 years. The causes found were: road accidents (14 cases), home accident (6 cases), gambling accidents (3 cases) and one aggression. Traumas were divided into 83.3% (20 cases) of abdominal blunt and 16.7% (4 cases) of abdominal wound. Polytrauma accounted for 41.7% (10 cases). No computed tomography scan was ordered. The spleen was the most injured organ (11 cases) followed by the intestines (6 cases). The average length of hospital stay was 12.3 days with extremes of 3 and 15 days. The treatment was non-operative in 13 patients (54.2%) and surgical in 11 ones (45.8%). No deaths were noted in our series. Conclusion Abdominal trauma in children are potentially serious injuries. The treatment depends on the damaged organ and the patient's hemodynamic status. Computed tomography scan does not appear to be indispensable in the management of traumatized children in countries with limited resources.

Prevention and Early Intervention Programs for Children and Adolescents

This chapter provides an overview of basic concepts that lie in the pathway from traumatic stress to a broad range of clinical and life-trajectory outcomes, including characterization of the nature and role of a variety of mediating and moderating factors. Such intervening factors fall within categories of child intrinsic and child extrinsic features. The individual/family and community types of early interventions for children and adolescents after trauma are reviewed. Although many early interventions hold promise, a good deal more methodologically sound research is required to support their use across a variety of contexts. Increased knowledge of mediating and moderating factors on the outcome of trauma can inform development of improved evidence-based screening, clinical assessment, early and intermediate interventions, trauma-informed services for traumatized children and their families across stages of recovery, and public policy.