scholarly journals Splenic injury severity, not admission hemodynamics, predicts need for surgery in pediatric blunt splenic trauma

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Teuben ◽  
Roy Spijkerman ◽  
Henrik Teuber ◽  
Roman Pfeifer ◽  
Hans-Christoph Pape ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
Michel Teuben ◽  
Roy Spijkerman ◽  
Taco Blokhuis ◽  
Roman Pfeifer ◽  
Henrik Teuber ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Treatment of blunt splenic injury has changed over the past decades. Nonoperative management (NOM) is the treatment of choice. Adequate patient selection is a prerequisite for successful NOM. Impaired mental status is considered as a relative contra indication for NOM. However, the impact of altered consciousness in well-equipped trauma institutes is unclear. We hypothesized that impaired mental status does not affect outcome in patients with splenic trauma. Methods Our prospectively composed trauma database was used and adult patients with blunt splenic injury were included during a 14-year time period. Treatment guidelines remained unaltered over time. Patients were grouped based on the presence (Group GCS: < 14) or absence (Group GCS: 14–15) of impaired mental status. Outcome was compared. Results A total of 161 patients were included, of whom 82 were selected for NOM. 36% of patients had a GCS-score < 14 (N = 20). The median GCS-score in patients with reduced consciousness was 9 (range 6–12). Groups were comparable except for significantly higher injury severity scores in the impaired mental status group (19 vs. 17, p = 0.007). Length of stay (28 vs. 9 days, p < 0.001) and ICU-stay (8 vs. 0 days, p = 0.005) were longer in patients with decreased GCS-scores. Failure of NOM, total splenectomy rates, complications and mortality did not differ between both study groups. Conclusion This study shows that NOM for blunt splenic trauma is a viable treatment modality in well-equipped institutions, regardless of the patients mental status. However, the presence of neurologic impairment is associated with prolonged ICU-stay and hospitalization. We recommend, in institutions with adequate monitoring facilities, to attempt nonoperative management for blunt splenic injury, in all hemodynamically stable patients without hollow organ injuries, also in the case of reduced consciousness.


2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Tomas Abalikšta ◽  
Edmundas Gaidamonis ◽  
Juozas Stanaitis ◽  
Raimundas Lunevičius

Tomas Abalikšta, Edmundas Gaidamonis, Juozas Stanaitis, Raimundas LunevičiusVilniaus greitosios pagalbos universitetinė ligoninė,Vilniaus universiteto Bendrosios chirurgijos centras;Gastroenterologijos, nefrologijos ir chirurgijos klinika,Šiltnamių g. 29, LT-04130 VilniusEl paštas: [email protected] Tikslas Išanalizuoti pagrindines uždarų pilvo traumų, kai sužalojama blužnis, priežastis, pasiskirstymą pagal ligonių amžių, lytį, organo pažeidimo laipsnį. Apžvelgti ir palyginti taikytus operacinio ir konservatyvaus gydymo metodus, gulėjimo stacionare laiką ir komplikacijas. Ligoniai ir metodai Retrospektyviai išanalizuotos 154 pacientų, gydytų Vilniaus greitosios pagalbos universitetinės ligoninės (VGPUL) chirurgijos skyriuose nuo 1996 m. sausio 1 d. iki 2005 m. gruodžio 31 d. dėl blužnies sužalojimo po uždaros pilvo traumos, ligos istorijos. Rezultatai Per minėtą laikotarpį dėl blužnies sužalojimo po uždaros pilvo traumos gydyta 113 vyrų ir 41 moteris. Izoliuota blužnies trauma pasitaikė 108 atvejais (70%), o 46 atvejais (30%) kartu buvo ir kitų organų pažeidimas, dažnai dauginis (poli-trauma). Pagrindinės traumos priežastys: eismo įvykiai – 34%, smurtiniai sužalojimai – 29%, griuvimai – 10%, kritimai iš aukščio – 8%, kitos ar nežinomos priežastys – 8%, traumą neigė 11% pacientų. Vidutinis pacientų vyrų amžius – 34,2 metų, moterų – 39,7 metų. Pasiskirstymas pagal blužnies pažeidimo laipsnį: I° – 11%, II° – 22%, III° – 40%, IV° – 18%, V° – 9%. Visi 46 politrauminiai ligoniai operuoti skubos tvarka, visiems atlikta splenektomija. Vidutinis gulėjimo laikas – 21,4 dienos. 14 (30%) iš šių ligonių mirė ankstyvu potrauminiu laikotarpiu nuo sunkių gretutinių sužalojimų. Iš 108 ligonių, kuriems buvo izoliuota blužnies trauma, operuoti 96 (89%) ligoniai: 90 ligonių atlikta splenektomija, 6 – susiūta blužnis (vienas iš jų operuotas antrą kartą dėl pasikartojusio kraujavimo, atlikta splenektomija). Vidutinis operuotų ligonių gulėjimo laikas – 9,9 dienos, vėlyvu laikotarpiu 1 ligonis mirė susiformavus podiafragminiam pūliniui ir išsivysčiusius sepsiui. Dvylika (11%) ligonių gydyta konservatyviai. Gulėjimo ligoninėje laikas – 9,6 dienos. Viena konservatyviai gydyta ligonė operuota po 4 mėn. dėl susidariusios blužnies cistos, atlikta splenektomija. Kitų komplikacijų po konservatyvaus gydymo nebuvo. Išvados Pagrindinės blužnies traumų priežastys – eismo įvykiai ir smurtiniai sužalojimai. Vyrams blužnies trauma dažnesnė nei moterims. Dažniausiai nukenčia darbingo amžiaus žmonės. Apie 30% ligonių būna dauginis organų pažeidimas ir su tuo susijęs didelis mirštamumas. Esant izoliuotai blužnies traumai dažniau galima atlikti blužnį išsaugančias operacijas. Konservatyviai sėkmingai išgydyta 12 ligonių, patyrusių izoliuotą blužnies traumą, tačiau kad toks gydymo metodas būtų taikomas plačiau, reikėtų patvirtintų ligonių atrankos kriterijų ir gydymo algoritmų, modernios diagnostikos galimybių aktyviai stebėti ligonį. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: uždara blužnies trauma, splenektomija, konservatyvus gydymas. Blunt splenic injury Tomas Abalikšta, Edmundas Gaidamonis, Juozas Stanaitis, Raimundas LunevičiusVilnius University Emergency Hospital, Center of General Surgery; Clinic of Gastroenterology,Nephrology and Surgery of Vilnius University, Šiltnamių str. 29, LT-04130 Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mail: [email protected] Objective The objective of our study was to determine the main causes of blunt splenic injuries and their distribution by age, sex and splenic injury grade; to evaluate the operative and conservative management methods applied, to compare the lengh of hospital stay and complications. Methods The records of 154 patients admitted to the Vilnius University Emergency Hospital with blunt splenic injuries in the period from 01 01 1996 to 31 12 2005 were retrospectively analysed. Results During the study period, 113 men and 41 women were admitted to our hospital with blunt splenic injury. In 108 (70%) cases isolated splenic injury was found and concomitant (often multiple or polytrauma) trauma was dignosed in 46 (30%) patients. The main causes of splenic traumas were: traffic accidents 34%, assault 29%, falling down 10%, falling from height 8%, other or unknown causes 8%. 11% of patiens denied traumas. The mean age of men was 34.2 and of women 39.7 years. The distribution by splenic injury grade was: I° – 11%, II° – 22%, III° – 40%, IV° – 18%, V° – 9%. In all 46 polytrauma cases, operative management was applied, splenectomy was performed. The average hospital stay was 21.4 days. 14 (30%) of these patients died in the early post-traumatic period due to heavy concomitant injuries. In the case of isolated splenic injury (n - 108), 96 (89%) patients were operated on: 90 splenectomies and 6 splenorrhaphies were performed. The mean hospital stay of 9.9 days was noted for this group. One patient died in the late postoperative period after subphrenic abscess formation and sepsis. In 12 (11%) cases nonoperative management was applied. The mean hospital stay was 9.6 days. One of these patients was operated on after 4 months due to splenic cyst formation; splenectomy was performed. No other complications after conservative management were noted. Conclusions The main causes of blunt splenic injuries were traffic accidents and assault. Blunt splenic trauma was more common in males. Blunt splenic trauma was most frequent among middle-aged population. Multiple organ injuries and the associated high mortality were present in 30% of cases. In the case of operative treatment of isolated splenic injury, splenic salvage should be preferred. Twelve patients with isolated blunt splenic injuries were successfully treated nonoperatively. Criteria of patient selection for nonoperative treatment and the treatment algorithms should be accepted for a wider usage of this method of management. Keywords: blunt splenic injury, splenectomy, nonoperative management


2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elan Jeremitsky ◽  
Amy Kao ◽  
Chad Carlton ◽  
Aurelio Rodriguez ◽  
Adrian Ong

Nonoperative management (NOM) for blunt splenic trauma (BST) is an established practice. The impact of splenic embolization (SE) in the algorithm for NOM has not been well studied. This study evaluates the role of SE and spleen injury grade on failure of NOM. Retrospective cohort of trauma registry over a 7-year period (2000-2006) for patients who suffered BST was studied. Data including demographics, splenic injury grade, and SE were recorded. Characteristics were compared between the successful and failed NOM groups. Kaplan-Meier, life table, and Cox-proportional hazard regression analyses were performed. Of the 499 patients who suffered BST, 407 (81.6%) patients had successful NOM and 92 (18.4%) patients failed NOM (including splenectomies performed within 1 hour of admission). Failed NOM group had a higher splenic injury grade compared with the successful NOM group ( P < 0.0001). Seventy-five per cent underwent a splenectomy within 7.7 hours of admission. Nearly all grade I and II splenic injuries that failed NOM occurred by 24 hours. Grade 3 and 4 injuries that failed NOM occurred by 150 hours. SE was protective against splenectomy (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.18, 95% confidence interval: 0.06-0.55, P = 0.004), whereas splenic injury grades III or higher was associated with increased risk of splenectomy (grade III: HR 5.26, P = 0.003; grade IV: HR 6.84, P = 0.002; grade V: HR 9.81, P = 0.002) compared with those with splenic injury grade I. Splenic embolization is a protective measure to reduce the failure of NOM. Spleen injury grade III and higher was significantly associated with NOM failure and would require a 5-day inpatient observation.


2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Siriratsivawong ◽  
Mazen Zenati ◽  
Gregory A. Watson ◽  
Brian G. Harbrecht

Nonoperative management (NOM) of blunt splenic injury has become more frequent in the past several decades. Criteria that predict successful NOM remain poorly defined, and one factor that has been studied previously has been patient age. Previous studies have defined older patients as those greater than 55 years of age, but no studies have compared younger patients (55–75 years) with older patients (75+ years) within this age group. A total of 1008 patients ≥55 years of age who sustained blunt splenic injury between 1993 and 2001 were analyzed from the Pennsylvania Trauma Systems Foundation database. Statistical analysis was performed using regression analysis. Data was expressed as mean ± SD, and a P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Patients were classified as operative management (OM; 39.9%) or NOM (60.1%) according to their initial plan of treatment. Of the patients in the NOM group, 75.3 per cent were successfully managed nonoperatively (SNOM), whereas 24.7 per cent eventually required surgery. The Injury Severity Score of the OM group was highest (34) compared with the SNOM group (22) and failed NOM (FNOM; 27) groups. The mean splenic injury grade for OM, SNOM, and FNOM was 3.5, 2.4, and 3.3, respectively. The number of pre-existing conditions did not differ among the three groups. An upward trend in the failure rate of NOM was observed with increasing age (19.0%, 27.1%, and 28.3%, respectively) for three age groups, 55–64, 65–74, and 75+, but this trend was not statistically significant. Mortality rate was highest in the OM group (35.6%) compared with the successful (16.7%) and failed NOM (17.9%). Hospital length of stay (LOS) and intensive care unit (ICU) LOS were highest among patients who failed NOM (mean hospital LOS = 20.7 days, mean ICU LOS = 13.2 days) compared with OM (17.2 and 10.4, respectively) and successful NOM (12.4 and 6.9, respectively). The majority of patients ≥55 years with blunt splenic injuries can be managed nonoperatively when carefully selected. In the subset of patients older than 55 years of age, increasing age is associated with a trend toward higher failure rates. Mortality was high regardless of management, and failure of NOM in older patients is associated with significantly longer hospital and ICU LOS.


2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Majd Habash ◽  
Darrel Ceballos ◽  
Andrew J. Gunn

AbstractThe spleen is the most commonly injured organ in blunt abdominal trauma. Patients who are hemodynamically unstable due to splenic trauma undergo definitive operative management. Interventional radiology plays an important role in the multidisciplinary management of the hemodynamically stable trauma patient with splenic injury. Hemodynamically stable patients selected for nonoperative management have improved clinical outcomes when splenic artery embolization is utilized. The purpose of this article is to review the indications, technical aspects, and clinical outcomes of splenic artery embolization for patients with high-grade splenic injuries.


2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1007-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick A. Moore ◽  
James W. Davis ◽  
Ernest E. Moore ◽  
Christine S. Cocanour ◽  
Michael A. West ◽  
...  

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 203-206
Author(s):  
Sara H. Sinal

Modern technology, specifically the splenic scan, aids in a quick and accurate diagnosis of splenic injury. Because children rarely exsanguinate from trauma to the spleen, splenectomy has been replaced by more conservative management as the treatment of choice in splenic trauma. Both nonoperative management and surgical repair of the spleen are alternatives. If splenectomy is necessary, the child is at greatly increased life time risk for an episode of overwhelming sepsis. Pneumococcal vaccine is indicated in children who must undergo splenectomy.


2020 ◽  
pp. 433-448

This chapter covers trauma and the mechanisms of injury (blunt, penetrating, and burns or scalds), grading of injury severity, and initial management. The incidence, clinical features, and management of thoracic and abdominal trauma, including specific organ injury, and blast injuries are all described. The concepts of damage control resuscitation (DCR) and damage control surgery (DCS); organ injury scaling (OIS), blunt and penetrating trauma, compression injury to the chest; pneumothorax; liver injury; splenic injury: and intestinal injury are detailed. The role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is emphasized in liver and splenic injury. Blast injuries affecting children are also reviewed.


1989 ◽  
Vol 210 (5) ◽  
pp. 626-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
WALTER E. LONGO ◽  
CHRISTOPHER C. BAKER ◽  
MARVIN A. McMILLEN ◽  
IRVIN M. MODLIN ◽  
LINDA C. DEGUTIS ◽  
...  

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