Unique fine scale village spatial-temporal distributions of Anopheles farauti differ by physiological state and sex

Abstract Background The ecology of many mosquitoes, including Anopheles farauti, the dominant malaria vector in the southwest Pacific including the Solomon Islands, remains inadequately understood. Studies to map fine scale vector distributions are biased when trapping techniques use lures that will influence the natural movements of mosquitoes by attracting them to traps. However, passive collection methods allow the detailed natural distributions of vector populations by sex and physiological states to be revealed. Methods The barrier screen, a passive mosquito collection method along with human landing catches were used to record An. farauti distributions over time and space in two Solomon Island villages from May 2016 to July 2017. Results Temporal and spatial distributions of over 15,000 mosquitoes, including males as well as unfed, host seeking, blood-fed, non-blood fed and gravid females were mapped. These spatial and temporal patterns varied by species, sex and physiological state. Sugar-fed An. farauti were mostly collected between 10–20 m away from houses with peak activity from 18:00 to 19:00 h. Male An. farauti were mostly collected greater than 20 m from houses with peak activity from 19:00 to 20:00 h. Conclusions Anopheles farauti subpopulations, as defined by physiological state and sex, are heterogeneously distributed in Solomon Island villages. Understanding the basis for these observed heterogeneities will lead to more accurate surveillance of mosquitoes and will enable spatial targeting of interventions for greater efficiency and effectiveness of vector control.

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The tribe Aschistodesmini in the Solomon Islands (Diplopoda, Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae)

Insect Systematics & Evolution ◽

10.1163/187631200x00570 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 459-479

Author(s):

C.A.W. Jeekel

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Related Species ◽

Solomon Island ◽

Solomon Islands ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Two New Species ◽

The Status

AbstractThe Aschistodesmini from the Solomon Island are reviewed. Besides clarifying notes on the status of the type and closely related species of Aschistodesmus, descriptive notes and illustrations of the gonopods of the Solomon species of this genus, particularly of those published by Chamberlin, 1920, under the generic name of Solomonosoma, are given. Two new species, A. spatulifer and A. tridentifer are described, and a key to the species is provided. From Rennell Island Dorcadogonus modestus gen. n., sp. n. is described.

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Anopheles farauti is a homogeneous population that blood feeds early and outdoors in the Solomon Islands

Malaria Journal ◽

10.1186/s12936-016-1194-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Tanya L. Russell ◽

Nigel W. Beebe ◽

Hugo Bugoro ◽

Allan Apairamo ◽

Frank H. Collins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solomon Islands ◽

Homogeneous Population ◽

Anopheles Farauti

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Assessment of Mosquito Collection Methods for Dengue Surveillance

10.21203/rs.3.rs-101828/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Triwibowo Ambar Garjito ◽

Lulus Susanti ◽

Mujiyono Mujiyono ◽

Mega Tyas Prihatin ◽

Dwi Susilo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dengue Virus ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Mixed Data ◽

Adult Mosquito ◽

Published Data ◽

Field Samples ◽

Mosquito Collection ◽

Human Landing ◽

Collection Methods

Abstract BackgroundSeveral methods exist to collect and assess the abundance of dengue vector mosquitoes, i.e. morning adult collection using an aspirator, pupal collection, various ovitraps, whole night collection using human landing methods, and larval collection. This diversity of methods might be a source of variability and lack of statistical significance when trying to correlate mosquito density and risk of dengue outbreak. There is also a lack of published data regarding the effectiveness of these methods MethodsA mosquito survey was conducted in 39 locations corresponding to 15 dengue endemic provinces in Indonesia. The larval surveys were performed by collecting at least a single Aedes larva from each container, and then reared up until hatching. Three adult mosquito sampling methods were also used, including morning resting collection, human landing collection, animal baited trap. All field samples were tested for dengue. Factor Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the collection methods against mosquito species and dengue incidence.ResultsA total of 44,675 mosquitoes were collected. The single larva method was the most efficient method. Out of a total of 89 dengue-positive pools, the most frequently encountered virus was DENV2, which made up half of the positive samples, followed by DENV3 and DENV1, respectively. FAMD showed that no correlation could be found between any methods and the presence of dengue virus in mosquitoes. Moreover, no correlation could be found between either any methods or the incidence.ConclusionsThere was no concistency in the efficacy of a given method and the incidence of dengue in the human population. There was no correlation between any of the parameters considered, i.e. method, incidence of dengue, location and presence of dengue virus in mosquitoes. This indicates that entomological factors are not reliable indicators.

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Life course micro-analysis: An electronic system for fine-scale monitoring of lifetime behavioural, spatial and temporal patterns of individual fruit flies with implications for studies of human behaviour

Gerontechnology ◽

10.4017/gt.2010.09.02.300.00 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Author(s):

J.R. Carey ◽

S. Zou ◽

P. Liedo ◽

A. Morice

Keyword(s):

Life Course ◽

Temporal Patterns ◽

Electronic System ◽

Fruit Flies ◽

Human Behaviour ◽

Fine Scale ◽

Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽

Micro Analysis

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US AND THEM: BELIEFS ABOUT HUMAN NATURE HELD BY YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.1982.10.2.221 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 221-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robert A. C. Stewart

Keyword(s):

Human Nature ◽

Secondary Students ◽

Solomon Island ◽

Solomon Islands ◽

South Pacific ◽

Pacific Islanders ◽

Future Research ◽

The South ◽

Student Sample ◽

The University

Beliefs in overall trustworthiness, strength of will and complexity of others were investigated in: (a) 72 secondary students (mean age 17 years) from King George VI School in Solomon Islands, and (b) 120 students (Fijians, Indo-Fijians and other Pacific Islanders) at the University of the South Pacific in Suva, Fiji (mean age 23 years 5 months). The 36-item Wrightsman's Children's Philosophies of Human Nature Scale was used. Solomon Island subjects completed the inventory twice (to compare their attitudes to people inside and outside the wantok (pidgin term for immediate village, or group of people perceived as close.) it was shown that people outside the wantok are perceived as less to be trusted (p<0.01), and more complex (pK0.05). In a sex comparison it was shown that males were more likely than females to trust people outside the wantok and found them less complex (p<0.05. In analysis of the results from the University student sample, males were shown (pK0.01) to see people in general as having more strength of will and rationality than females. In an ethnic comparison it was shown (p<0.05) that Indo-Fijians had a higher belief in the trustworthiness of people than Fijians. This confirms previous research. The University students took the inventory under standard conditions. It is suggested that future research would find it fruitful to continue to explore the differences in attitudes, in this part of the world, toward people perceived as either “close” or “distant”.

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Network analysis reveals cryptic seasonal patterns of association in Gould’s wattled bats (Chalinolobus gouldii) roosting in bat-boxes

Behaviour ◽

10.1163/1568539x-00003315 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 152 (15) ◽

pp. 2079-2105 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lisa N. Godinho ◽

Linda F. Lumsden ◽

Graeme Coulson ◽

Stephen R. Griffiths

Keyword(s):

Network Analysis ◽

Social Structure ◽

Temperate Zone ◽

Seasonal Patterns ◽

Fine Scale ◽

Peak Activity ◽

Network Analyses ◽

The Social ◽

Scale Data

Tree-roosting bats are highly social mammals, which often form fission–fusion societies. However, extensive, fine scale data is required to detect and interpret these patterns. We investigated the social structure of Gould’s wattled bats, Chalinolobus gouldii, roosting in artificial roosts (bat-boxes) over a continuous 18-month period. Network analyses revealed non-random associations among individuals in the roosting population consistent with a temperate zone fission–fusion social structure. Females generally showed stronger associations with roost-mates than did males. Two distinct sub-groups within the larger roosting population were detected. There was also evidence of smaller subunits within these larger roosting groups in spring and summer, with broader mixing at other times of the year. The extensive roost occupancy data collected across all seasons was critical in defining this fine scale, and otherwise cryptic, social structure, and in particular indicating that associations observed during peak activity periods may not be maintained across the year.

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Shared salinity tolerance invalidates a test for the malaria vector Anopheles farauti s.s. on Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands

Medical and Veterinary Entomology ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2915.2000.00219.x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 102-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. H. Foley ◽

J. H. Bryan

Keyword(s):

Salinity Tolerance ◽

Malaria Vector ◽

Solomon Islands ◽

Anopheles Farauti

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Implementing a community vector collection strategy for monitoring vector-borne diseases in Ghana

Gates Open Research ◽

10.12688/gatesopenres.12933.2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 722

Author(s):

Daniel A. Boakye ◽

Kwadwo K. Frempong ◽

Kisito T. Ogoussan ◽

Samson Otoo ◽

Maria Rebollo Polo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Financial Incentives ◽

Public Health Perspective ◽

Vector Borne Diseases ◽

Community Ownership ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Mosquito Collection ◽

Human Landing ◽

Study Team ◽

Community Volunteers ◽

Vector Borne

Background: Monitoring vector-borne diseases requires sampling of very large numbers of disease vectors in order to corroborate infections in the human population. This can be challenging, as current vector collection tools are either inefficient, or expensive to implement from a public health perspective. To circumvent this challenge, this study compared a community vector collection strategy using a double-netted mosquito collection method (a tent trap (TT)) to the traditional human landing collection (HLC) method in three communities in lymphatic filariasis-endemic districts in Ghana. Methods: Following community entry and sensitization, community volunteers appointed by the community leaders were trained in the mosquito collection and storage methods and provided with supplies for mosquito collection over a 7-month period. They were visited occasionally by the study team to retrieve the mosquito samples for identification. The collectors were also assessed to evaluate their perspectives on using community vector collectors for monitoring vector-borne diseases. Results: The results of the study indicated that the TT method collected significantly more mosquitoes (63%) over the collection period than HLC (37%). Thus, the TTs were observed to be performing relatively better than the HLC (P<0.001). The collectors knew the importance of mosquitoes in transmitting diseases, could identify the main diseases that were locally transmitted within their communities. They appreciated the involvement of the community in the collection as this enhanced community ownership of the programme as well as providing some financial incentives to those directly involved in the collection. Conclusions: The study revealed that use of community volunteers for the collection of mosquitoes for xenomonitoring purposes can be a viable strategy in the monitoring of vector-borne diseases. However, further development of the strategies and assessments of the costs involved will be required to make this a sustainable approach to monitoring vector-borne disease interventions and enhance community ownership of the programmes.

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Fine-scale spatial and temporal genomic variation among Dungeness crab Cancer magister larval recruits in the California Current Ecosystem

Marine Ecology Progress Series ◽

10.3354/meps13453 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 649 ◽

pp. 67-81

Author(s):

EMJ Lee ◽

KG O’Malley

Keyword(s):

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Genetic Relatedness ◽

California Current ◽

Population Connectivity ◽

Genomic Variation ◽

Fine Scale ◽

Dungeness Crab ◽

Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽

Cancer Magister ◽

Late Season

Dynamic marine environments can shape complex spatial and temporal patterns in the population connectivity of marine species, and this is often exemplified in species with long larval phases. Here, we used a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach to examine fine-scale spatial and temporal genomic variation among Dungeness crab Cancer magister larval recruits sampled in the California Current Ecosystem. Specifically, we compared samples collected during expected- and late-season recruitment time periods within 2 consecutive years (2017 and 2018) at 2 sites in Oregon, USA (Yaquina Bay and Coos Bay). Evidence was found for high gene flow between the expected- and late-season recruits within each year and at both sites based on 1389 neutral loci. In contrast, strong genetic differentiation was observed between these 2 groups within each year and at both sites based on variation at 2 putatively adaptive loci. Contrary to prediction, the magnitude of genetic differentiation between these 2 seasonal groups was greater in 2017 when the Pacific Decadal Oscillation was stronger, upwelling was weaker, and the spring transition was later. Spatial genetic variation was not observed within 2017 or 2018. Comparing across years, expected- and late-season groups were differentiated at putatively adaptive loci. Interestingly, strong genetic differentiation was also observed between late-season groups across years. We found no evidence for cohesive larval dispersal among recruits based on genetic relatedness estimates. Overall, our findings provide evidence for high connectivity within Dungeness crab, but suggest that selective pressures and ocean conditions influence the genetic composition of larval recruits both intra- and inter-annually.

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