scholarly journals Metabarcoding in two isolated populations of wild roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) reveals variation in gastrointestinal nematode community composition between regions and among age classes

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Beaumelle ◽  
Elizabeth M. Redman ◽  
Jill de Rijke ◽  
Janneke Wit ◽  
Slimania Benabed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
Domestic Livestock

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal nematodes are ubiquitous for both domestic and wild ungulates and have varying consequences for health and fitness. They exist as complex communities of multiple co-infecting species, and we have a limited understanding of how these communities vary in different hosts, regions and circumstances or of how this affects their impacts. Methods We have undertaken ITS2 rDNA nemabiome metabarcoding with next-generation sequencing on populations of nematode larvae isolated from 149 fecal samples of roe deer of different sex and age classes in the two isolated populations of Chizé and Trois Fontaines in France not co-grazing with any domestic ungulate species. Results We identified 100 amplified sequence variants (ASVs) that were assigned to 14 gastrointestinal nematode taxa overall at either genus (29%) or species (71%) level. These taxa were dominated by parasites classically found in cervids—e.g. Ostertagia leptospicularis, Spiculopteragia spp. Higher parasite species diversity was present in the Trois Fontaines population than in the Chizé population including the presence of species more typically seen in domestic livestock (Haemonchus contortus, Bunostomum sp., Cooperia punctata, Teladorsagia circumcincta). No differences in parasite species diversity or community composition were seen in the samples collected from three zones of differing habitat quality within the Chizé study area. Young roe deer hosted the highest diversity of gastrointestinal nematodes, with more pronounced effects of age apparent in Trois Fontaines. The effect of host age differed between gastrointestinal nematode species, e.g. there was little effect on O. leptospicularis but a large effect on Trichostrongylus spp. No effect of host sex was detected in either site. Conclusions The presence of some livestock parasite species in the Trois Fontaines roe deer population was unexpected given the isolation of this population away from grazing domestic livestock since decades. Overall, our results illustrate the influence of host traits and the local environment on roe deer nemabiome and demonstrate the power of the nemabiome metabarcoding approach to elucidate the composition of gastrointestinal nematode communities in wildlife. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals ITS-2 rDNA Nemabiome Metabarcoding in two Isolated Populations of Wild Roe Deer (Capreolus Capreolus) Reveals Variation in Gastrointestinal Nematode Community Composition Between Regions and Among Age Classes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Beaumelle ◽  
Libby Redman ◽  
jill de Rijke ◽  
Janneke Wit ◽  
Slimania Benabed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
Domestic Livestock

Abstract BackgroundGastrointestinal nematodes are ubiquitous for both domestic and wild ungulates which have varying consequences to health and fitness. They exist as complex communities of multiple co-infecting species and we have a very limited understanding of how these communities vary in different hosts, regions and circumstances or on how this affects their impacts. MethodsWe have undertaken ITS-2 rDNA nemabiome metabarcoding on populations of nematode larvae isolated from fecal samples of roe deer of different sex and age classes in the two isolated populations of Chizé and Trois Fontaines in France not co-grazing with any domestic ungulate species. ResultsWe identified 100 Amplified Sequence Variants (ASVs) that assigned to 14 gastrointestinal nematode taxa overall either at genus (38%), or species (62%) level. These taxa were dominated by parasites classically found in cervids - e.g., Ostertagia leptospicularis, Spiculopteragia spp. Higher parasite species diversity was present in the Trois Fontaine than in the Chize populations including the presence of some species more typically seen in domestic livestock, (Haemonchus contortus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Cooperia punctata, Teladorsagia circumcincta). No differences in parasite species diversity or community composition was seen in the samples collected from three zones of differing habitat quality within the Chize region. Young roe deer hosted the highest diversity of gastrointestinal nematodes, with more pronounced effects of age apparent in Trois Fontaines. The effect of host age differed between gastrointestinal nematode species, e.g. there was little effect on Ostertagia leptospicularis but a high effect on Trichostrongylus spp. No effect of host sex was detected in either site. ConclusionsThe presence of some livestock parasite species in the Trois Fontaine roe deer popualtions was surprising given the isolation of this population away from grazing domestic livestock. However, it should be noted that a small group of sheep were resident in the region, albeit separately fenced, which raises some interesting questions regarding the introduction of non-native parasite species into wildlife populations. Overall, our results suggest complex interactions between hosts, environments and parasites and illustrate the power of the nemabiome metabarcoding approach to elucidate the composition of gastrointestinal nematode communities in wildlife.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal nematode species burdens and host mortality in a feral sheep population

Parasitology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. CRAIG ◽  
J. G. PILKINGTON ◽  
J. M. PEMBERTON
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Sheep Population ◽  
Soay Sheep ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Host Mortality

Every few years a large proportion of the feral sheep on Hirta, St Kilda die due to food shortage. The effects of malnutrition are exacerbated by gastrointestinal nematodes. As found in sheep flocks in mainland Britain,Teladorsagia circumcinctahas long been considered the predominant and most pathogenic nematode species in all age classes of Soay sheep. Previous research indicated that intensity of this species showed a negative association with host age and comprised 75% of the entire gastrointestinal burden. Here we present new data that showTrichostrongylus axeiandTrichostrongylus vitrinusto be the predominant worm pathogens in young Soay sheep. In the present study,Trichostrongylusspp. burdens declined with host age whereasT. circumcinctaactually increased in burden over the first few age classes. Also, male hosts had significantly higher burdens ofTrichostrongylusspp. than females, with this genus making up a higher proportion of the strongyle egg producing community in male hosts than female hosts. These new findings raise questions concerning our previous interpretation of the main nematode species contributing to strongyle egg count in the population, and the contrasting infection patterns of these nematode species in unmanaged St Kilda Soay sheep compared with domestic sheep in mainland Britain.

scholarly journals Tree Species Diversity, Composition and Aboveground Biomass Across Dry Forest Land-Cover Types in Coastal Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 194008292199541
Author(s):  
Xavier Haro-Carrión ◽  
Bette Loiselle ◽  
Francis E. Putz
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Land Cover Types ◽  
Schizolobium Parahyba

Tropical dry forests (TDF) are highly threatened ecosystems that are often fragmented due to land-cover change. Using plot inventories, we analyzed tree species diversity, community composition and aboveground biomass patterns across mature (MF) and secondary forests of about 25 years since cattle ranching ceased (SF), 10–20-year-old plantations (PL), and pastures in a TDF landscape in Ecuador. Tree diversity was highest in MF followed by SF, pastures and PL, but many endemic and endangered species occurred in both MF and SF, which demonstrates the importance of SF for species conservation. Stem density was higher in PL, followed by SF, MF and pastures. Community composition differed between MF and SF due to the presence of different specialist species. Some SF specialists also occurred in pastures, and all species found in pastures were also recorded in SF indicating a resemblance between these two land-cover types even after 25 years of succession. Aboveground biomass was highest in MF, but SF and Tectona grandis PL exhibited similar numbers followed by Schizolobium parahyba PL, Ochroma pyramidale PL and pastures. These findings indicate that although species-poor, some PL equal or surpass SF in aboveground biomass, which highlights the critical importance of incorporating biodiversity, among other ecosystem services, to carbon sequestration initiatives. This research contributes to understanding biodiversity conservation across a mosaic of land-cover types in a TDF landscape.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal nematode species diversity in Soay sheep kept in a natural environment without active parasite control

2016 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rona Sinclair ◽  
Lynsey Melville ◽  
Fiona Sargison ◽  
Fiona Kenyon ◽  
Dan Nussey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Soay Sheep

First Data on Bryoindication Mapping of Small Towns of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 311-334
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Gapon ◽  
S. Y. Kondratyuk ◽  
S. V. Gapon
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Natural Conditions

Results of bryoindication mapping based on calculation of an index of atmospheric purity (IAP) of towns of the Left Bank Ukraine, i.e. the smallest Romny (Sumy oblast) and Myrhorod (Poltava oblast) towns, small Pryluky (Chernihiv oblast) and Lubny (Poltava oblast) towns as well as medium size Poltava town (Poltava oblast), are provided. It is found that isotoxic bryoindication zones of moderately polluted air are predominate and often forming entire areas in the centre / industrial / densely built-up areas of Poltava, Lubny and Pryluky towns while isotoxic zones with slightly polluted or unpolluted air are predominant or more widely distributed in smaller towns Romny and Myrhorod. Correlation of data on species diversity, community composition of bryophytes as well as data of the IAP zoning of the territory of all towns mentioned as well as natural conditions of their territory and anthropogenic pressure is discussed.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep raised in Botucatu, state of São Paulo, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurício Orlando Wilmsen ◽  
Bruna Fernanda Silva ◽  
César Cristiano Bassetto ◽  
Alessandro Francisco Talamini do Amarante
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Oesophagostomum Columbianum ◽  
The Mean ◽  
In Parenthesis

Gastrointestinal nematode infections were evaluated in sheep raised in Botucatu, state of São Paulo, Brazil between April 2008 and March 2011. Every month, two tracer lambs grazing with a flock of sheep were exposed to natural infection with gastrointestinal nematodes for 28 consecutive days. At the end of this period, the lambs were sacrificed for worm counts. Haemonchus contortus presented 100% of prevalence. The seasons exerted no significant influence on the mean intensity of H. contortus, which ranged from 315 worms in November 2010 to 2,5205 worms in January 2011. The prevalence of Trichostrongylus colubriformis was also 100%, with the lowest mean intensity (15 worms) recorded in February 2011 and the highest (9,760 worms) in October 2009. In the case of T. colubriformis, a significant correlation coefficient was found between worm counts vs. rainfall (r = −0.32; P <0.05). Three other nematodes species were found in tracer lambs, albeit in small numbers. Their prevalence and mean intensity (in parenthesis) were as follows: Oesophagostomum columbianum 28% (25.2), Cooperia curticei 7% (4.5) and Trichuris spp. 2% (1). In conclusion, the environmental conditions of the area proved to be highly favorable for the year-round transmission of H. contortus and T. colubriformis.

Effect of Artificial Grassland Establishing on the Vegetation Restoration in the Degraded Ecosystem

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3474-3478
Author(s):  
Tie Jun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Vegetation Restoration ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Degraded Ecosystem ◽  
Annual Grasses

Experiment was executed to plant Bromus inermis artificially in the degraded ecosystem, and study effect of grass planting on vegetation restoration. The results indicated that natural vegetation restored rapidly in the degraded ecosystem in two years after grass planted. But species diversity changed little in the early period of vegetation restoration, while vegetation biomass, coverage and anti-interference improved quickly. In addition, species number and important value of perennial grasses increased while those of annual grasses decreased. Then community composition with annual plants mainly changed gradually into that with perennial plants mainly after Bromus inermis planted. However, overground biomass and coverage of restored vegetation and dominance of Bromus inermis planted decreased after vegetation cut once a year. And species diversity and important value of annual grasses increased. Thus it could be good for uniformity of species distribution and stability of community composition and structure to develop.

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