scholarly journals Debate on the compositions of influenza B in northern hemisphere seasonal influenza vaccines

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guozhong He ◽  
Pengfei Yang ◽  
Qingli Yan ◽  
Chenglong Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Annual influenza vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza. Influenza vaccines have traditionally included the hemagglutinins (HA) and neuraminidases (NA) from the two A viruses (H1N1 and H3N2) and either B Yamagata or B Victoria. Mismatches between circulating isolates of influenza B and the vaccines are very common. Taking 2017/2018 winter in northern hemisphere as an example, this study was designed to find out the reasons for mismatch between the trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) and most of the epidemic isolates at that time, and to discuss if there are some optimized programs for seasonal influenza vaccines. Methods HA and NA sequences of the seasonal isolates circulating from December 1, 2017 to February 28, 2018, and in the previously other 7 winters in northern hemisphere from Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) and the influenza database of National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Phylogenetic trees and genetic distances were constructed or calculated by using MAFFT and MEGA 6.0 software. Results Influenza B composition in the TIV recommendation mismatched most of circulating viruses in 2017/2018 winter; the vaccine strain was from the B/Victoria lineage, while most of epidemic isolates were from the B/Yamagata lineage. The epidemic lineage of influenza B reached its peak a little late in the previous winter might be responsible for this mismatch. During 2010–2018, the mean genetic distances between epidemic isolates of influenza A (H1N1 and H3N2) and the vaccines were no higher than 0.02375 ± 0.00341 in both HA and NA. However, concerning influenza B virus, when forecasting done well, the mean genetic distances between epidemic isolates and the vaccines were no higher than 0.02368 ± 0.00272; otherwise, the distances could reach 0.13695 ± 0.00238. Conclusion When applying quadrivalent influenza vaccines (QIVs) for vaccination, the recommendations of compositions for influenza B could be altered and assessed once in 3 or 4 years; when economic burden was considered intensively and TIVs were utilized, the recommended compositions for influenza B could be announced in April or May, rather than in February or March as now.

scholarly journals A Reduced-Dose Seasonal Trivalent Influenza Vaccine Is Safe and Immunogenic in Adult and Elderly Patients in a Randomized Controlled Trial

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltan Vajo ◽  
Ferenc Tamas ◽  
Istvan Jankovics
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Reduced Dose ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

ABSTRACTWith the recent pandemic of influenza A (H1N1) and vaccine shortages, there has been considerable interest in developing influenza vaccines with reduced doses, allowing for increased production capacity. Here we report a prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-center clinical trial of a reduced-dose whole-virion inactivated, adjuvanted influenza vaccine in adult and elderly volunteers. A total of 234 subjects, including 120 adults (18 to 60 years of age) and 114 elderly subjects (>60 years of age) were enrolled to receive either 6 μg or the conventional 15-μg dose of seasonal trivalent influenza vaccines. The subjects were followed for safety analysis, and serum samples were obtained to assess immunogenicity by hemagglutination inhibition testing. The subjects developed antibody responses against the seasonal influenza A virus H1N1 and H3N2 strains, as well as the seasonal influenza B virus included in the vaccines. Single doses of 6 μg fulfilled licensing criteria for seasonal influenza vaccines. No significant differences in rates of seroconversion or seroprotection or in geometric mean titers were found between the two dosage levels. All adverse events were rare, mild, and transient. We found that the present reduced-dose vaccine is safe and immunogenic in healthy adult and elderly subjects and triggers immune responses that comply with licensing criteria.

scholarly journals Characterizing genetic and antigenic divergence from vaccine strain of influenza A and B viruses circulating in Thailand, 2017–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nungruthai Suntronwong ◽  
Sirapa Klinfueng ◽  
Sumeth Korkong ◽  
Preeyaporn Vichaiwattana ◽  
Thanunrat Thongmee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Antigenic Drift ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Antigenic Relatedness ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
B Virus

AbstractWe monitored the circulating strains and genetic variation among seasonal influenza A and B viruses in Thailand between July 2017 and March 2020. The hemagglutinin gene was amplified and sequenced. We identified amino acid (AA) changes and computed antigenic relatedness using the Pepitope model. Phylogenetic analyses revealed multiple clades/subclades of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) were circulating simultaneously and evolved away from their vaccine strain, but not the influenza B virus. The predominant circulating strains of A(H1N1)pdm09 belonged to 6B.1A1 (2017–2018) and 6B.1A5 (2019–2020) with additional AA substitutions. Clade 3C.2a1b and 3C.2a2 viruses co-circulated in A(H3N2) and clade 3C.3a virus was found in 2020. The B/Victoria-like lineage predominated since 2019 with an additional three AA deletions. Antigenic drift was dominantly facilitated at epitopes Sa and Sb of A(H1N1)pdm09, epitopes A, B, D and E of A(H3N2), and the 120 loop and 190 helix of influenza B virus. Moderate computed antigenic relatedness was observed in A(H1N1)pdm09. The computed antigenic relatedness of A(H3N2) indicated a significant decline in 2019 (9.17%) and 2020 (− 18.94%) whereas the circulating influenza B virus was antigenically similar (94.81%) with its vaccine strain. Our findings offer insights into the genetic divergence from vaccine strains, which could aid vaccine updating.

scholarly journals Seasonal influenza vaccines induced high levels of neutralizing cross-reactive antibody responses against different genetic group influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses

Vaccine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (20) ◽  
pp. 2731-2740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Haveri ◽  
Niina Ikonen ◽  
Anu Kantele ◽  
Veli-Jukka Anttila ◽  
Eeva Ruotsalainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Genetic Group ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Reactive Antibody

Dual and Triple Infections With Influenza A and B Viruses: A Case-Control Study in Southern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (6) ◽  
pp. 961-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Schäffer Gregianini ◽  
Ivana R Santos Varella ◽  
Patricia Fisch ◽  
Letícia Garay Martins ◽  
Ana B G Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

Abstract Influenza surveillance is important for disease control and should consider possible coinfection with different viruses, which can be associated with disease severity. This study analyzed 34 459 patients with respiratory infection from 2009 to 2018, of whom 8011 were positive for influenza A virus (IAV) or influenza B virus (IBV). We found 18 cases of dual influenza virus infection, including coinfection with 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus (A[H1N1]pdm09) and influenza A(H3N2) virus (1 case), A(H1N1)pdm09 and IBV (6 cases), A(H3N2) and IBV (8 cases), and nonsubtyped IAV and IBV (3 cases); and 1 case of triple infection with A(H3N2), A(H1N1)pdm09, and IBV. Compared with 76 monoinfected patients, coinfection was significantly associated with cardiopathy and death. Besides demographic characteristics and clinical symptoms, we assessed vaccination status, antiviral treatment, timeliness of antiviral use, hospitalization, and intensive care unit admission, but no significant differences were found between coinfected and monoinfected cases. Our findings indicate that influenza virus coinfection occurs more often than previously reported and that it can lead to a worse disease outcome.

Influenza A(H1N1)pdm 2009 and influenza B virus co-infection in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients during the 2015–2016 epidemic season in Israel

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakefet Pando ◽  
Yaron Drori ◽  
Nehemya Friedman ◽  
Aharona Glatman-Freedman ◽  
Hanna Sefty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals Linking syndromic surveillance with virological self-sampling

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. COOPER ◽  
G. E. SMITH ◽  
F. CHINEMANA ◽  
C. JOSEPH ◽  
P. LOVERIDGE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance System ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nhs Direct ◽  
Mean Time

SUMMARYCalls to a UK national telephone health helpline (NHS Direct) have been used for syndromic surveillance, aiming to provide early warning of rises in community morbidity. We investigated whether self-sampling by NHS Direct callers could provide viable samples for influenza culture. We recruited 294 NHS Direct callers and sent them self-sampling kits. Callers were asked to take a swab from each nostril and post them to the laboratory. Forty-two per cent of the samples were returned, 16·2% were positive on PCR for influenza (16 influenza A(H3N2), three influenza A (H1N1), four influenza B) and eight for RSV (5·6%). The mean time between the NHS Direct call and laboratory analysis was 7·4 days. These samples provided amongst the earliest influenza reports of the season, detected multiple influenza strains, and augmented a national syndromic surveillance system. Self-sampling is a feasible method of enhancing community-based surveillance programmes for detection of influenza.

scholarly journals What will the next influenza season bring about: seasonal influenza or the new A(H1N1)v? An analysis of German influenza surveillance data

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Uphoff ◽  
S Geis ◽  
A Grüber ◽  
A M Hauri
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Using Data

For the next influenza season (winter 2009-10) the relative contributions to virus circulation and influenza-associated morbidity of the seasonal influenza viruses A(H3N2), A(H1N1) and B, and the new influenza A(H1N1)v are still unknown. We estimated the chances of seasonal influenza to circulate during the upcoming season using data of the German influenza sentinel scheme from 1992 to 2009. We calculated type and subtype-specific indices for past exposure and the corresponding morbidity indices for each season. For the upcoming season 2009-10 our model suggests that it is unlikely that influenza A(H3N2) will circulate with more than a low intensity, seasonal A(H1N1) with more than a low to moderate intensity, and influenza B with more than a low to median intensity. The probability of a competitive circulation of seasonal influenza A with the new A(H1N1)v is low, increasing the chance for the latter to dominate the next influenza season in Germany.

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