scholarly journals Effects of management of infection source of echinococcosis in Linzhi, Tibet Autonomous Region of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Bing-Cheng Ma ◽  
Li-Ying Wang ◽  
Gongsang Quzhen ◽  
Hua-Sheng Pang
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Prevention Campaign ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Infection Source ◽  
Dog Infection

Abstract Background Echinococcosis is highly endemic in western and northern China. Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) is the most serious prevalent area. Linzhi is located in southeastern part of TAR. Dogs are the primary infection source for the transmission of echinococcosis to humans. A control and prevention campaign based on dog management has been implemented in the past three years. This study aims to evaluate the effects of dog management on the infection rate of dogs. Methods Data of dog population, registration and de-worming of seven counties/district in Linzhi between 2017 and 2019 were obtained from the annual prevention and control report. Domestic dog fecal samples were collected from each endemic town of seven counties/district in Linzhi in 2019 to determine the infection of domestic dogs using coproantigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data analysis was processed using SPSS statistics to compare dog infection rate between 2016 and 2019 by chi-square test, and maps were mapped using ArcGIS. Results In Linzhi, domestic dog population has decreased from 17 407 in 2017 to 12 663 in 2019, while the registration rate has increased from 75.9% in 2017 to 98.6% in 2019. Similarly, stray dog population has decreased from 14 336 in 2017 to 11 837 in 2019, while sheltered rate has increased from 84.6% in 2017 to 96.6% in 2019. Dog de-worming frequency has increased from 4 times per annum in 2017 to 12 times in 2019, indicating that approximately every dog was dewormed monthly. A total of 2715 dog fecal samples were collected for coproantigen ELISA assay. The dog infection rate was 2.8% (77/2715) in 2019, which was significantly lower than 7.3% (45/618) in 2016 (P < 0.05). Conclusions Increased dog registration, decreased dog population, and increased dog de-worming frequency contributed to significantly decrease the dog infection rate in Linzhi. Control and prevention campaign based on dog management could significantly decrease dog infection with Echinococcus spp. in echinococcosis endemic areas.

scholarly journals The effects of management of infection source of echinococcosis in Linzhi, Tibet autonomous region of China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Bing-Cheng Ma ◽  
Liying Wang ◽  
Gongsang Quzhen ◽  
Hua-Sheng Pang
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Prevention Campaign ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Infection Source ◽  
Dog Infection

Abstract Background Echinococcosis is highly endemic in western and northern China, Tibet Autonomous Region ( TAR) is the most serious prevalent area . Linzhi is located in southeastern part of TAR. Dogs are the main infection source for the transmission of echinococcosis to humans. A control and prevention campaign based on dog management has been conducted in the past three years. This study is to evaluate the effects of dog management on infection rate of dogs.Methods Data of dog population, registration and de-worming of seven counties/district in Linzhi were collected from the annual prevention and control report. Domestic dog fecal samples were collected from each endemic town of seven counties/district in Linzhi in 2019 to determine the infection of domestic dogs using coproantigen ELISA. Data analysis was processed using SPSS statistics to compare dog infection rate between 2016 and 2019 by chi-square test, and maps were mapped using ArcGIS.Results In Linzhi, domestic dog population has decreased from 17407 in 2017, 16512 in 2018, to 12663 in 2019, while the registration rate has increased from 75.9% in 2017, 95.5% in 2018, to 98.6% in 2019. Similarly, stray dog population has decreased from 14336 in 2017, 13067 in 2018, to 11837 in 2019, while sheltered rate has increased from 84.6% in 2017, 92.3% in 2018, to 96.6% in 2019. Dog de-worming frequency has increased from four times per annum in 2017 to 12 times in 2019, indicating that approximately every dog was dewormed monthly. A total number of 2715 dog fecal samples were collected for coproantigen ELISA assay. The dog infection rate was 2.8% (77/2715) in 2019, which was significantly lower than7.3% (45/618) in 2016 (P<0.05).Conclusions Increased dog registration, decreased dog population, and increased dog de-worming frequency contributed to significantly decreased dog infection rate in Linzhi, TAR. Control and prevention campaign based on dog management can significantly decrease dog infection with Echinococcus spp in echinococcosis endemic areas.

scholarly journals The effects of management of infection source of echinococcosis in Linzhi, Tibet autonomous region of China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Bing-Cheng Ma ◽  
Liying Wang ◽  
Gongsang Quzhen ◽  
Hua-Sheng Pang
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Prevention Campaign ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Infection Source ◽  
Dog Infection

Abstract Background Echinococcosis is highly endemic in western and northern China, Tibet Autonomous Region （TAR）is one of the most serious prevalent areas where the prevalence of echinococcosis in 2016 was 1.66% in humans and dog infection rate was 7.30%. Linzhi is located in southeastern part of TAR where the prevalence of echinococcosis in 2016 was 1.55% in humans and in dog infection rate was 7.28%.Dogs are the main infection source for the transmission of echinococcosis to humans. A control and prevention campaignbased on dog management has been conductedin the past three years. This study is toevaluate the effects of dog management on infection rate of dogs.Methods Data of dog population, registration and de-worming of 7 counties/district in Linzhi from 2017 to 2019 were collected. Domestic dog fecal samples were collected from each endemic town of7 counties/district in Linzhiin 2019 to determine the infection of dogsusing coproantigen ELISA. Data analysis was processed using SPSS statistics to compare dog infection rate between 2016 and 2019 by chi-square test, and maps were mapped using ArcGIS.Results In Linzhi, domestic dog population decreased from 17407 in 2017, 16512 in 2018, to 12663 in 2019, whilethe registration rate increased from 75.92% in 2017, 95.48% in 2018, to 98.64% in 2019. Similarly, stray dog populationdecreased from 14336 in 2017, 13067 in 2018, to 11837 in 2019, while sheltered rateincreased from 84.63% in 2017, 92.32% in 2018, to 96.63% in 2019.Dog de-worming frequency increased from 4 times per annum in 2017 to 12 times in 2019, indicating almost every dog was dewormed monthly. A total of 2715 dog fecal samples were collected for coproantigen ELISA assay. The dog infection rate was 2.84% (77/2715) in 2019, which was significantly lower than7.28% (45/618) in 2016 (P＜0.05).Conclusion Increased dog registration, decreased dog population and increased dog de-worming frequency contributed to significantly decreased dog infection rate in Linzhi, TAR. Control and prevention campaign based on dog management can significantly decrease dog infection with Echinococcus spp in echinococcosis endemic areas.

scholarly journals The Effects of Management of Infection Source of Echinococcosis in Linzhi, Tibet Autonomous Region of China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Bing-Cheng Ma ◽  
Li-Ying Wang ◽  
Gongsang Quzhen ◽  
Hua-Sheng Pang
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Prevention Campaign ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Infection Source ◽  
Dog Infection

Abstract BackgroundEchinococcosis is highly endemic in western and northern China，Tibet Autonomous Region （TAR）is one of the most serious prevalent area with the prevalence of echinococcosis in humans was 1.66% and in dog was 7.30% in 2016. Linzhi is located in southeastern part of TAR with the prevalence of echinococcosis in humans was 1.55% and in dog was 7.28% in 2016.，Dogs are the main infection source for the transmission of echinococcosis to humans. A control and prevention campaignbased on dog management has been undertaken in the past three years. This study is toevaluate the effects of dog management on prevalence of echinococcosis in dogs.MethodsData of dog population, registration and de-worming of 7 counties/district in Linzhi from 2017 to 2019 were collected. Domestic dog fecal samples were collected from each endemic town of7 counties/district in Linzhi in 2019 to determine infection of dog using coproantigen ELISA. Data analysis was processed using SPSS statistics to compare dog infection rate between 2016 and 2019 by chi-square test, and maps were mapped using ArcGIS.ResultsIn Linzhi, domestic dog population with 17407, 16512, 12663 decreased and the registration rate with 5.92%, 95.48%, 98.64% increased each year from 2017 to 2019. Similarly, stray dog population with 14336, 13067, 11837 decreased while sheltered rate with 84.63%, 92.32% 96.63% increased year by year. Dog de-worming frequency increased from 4 times per annum in 2017 to 12 times in 2019, almost every dog was dewormed monthly. A total of 2715 dog fecal samples were collected for coproantigen ELISA assay. The dog infection rate was 2.84% (77/2715) in 2019, which significantly lower than 2016 with 7.28% (45/618) (P＜0.05).ConclusionIncreased dog registration, decreased dog population and increased dog de-worming frequency contributed to significantly decreased dog infection rate in Linzhi, TAR. Control and prevention campaign based on dog management can significantly decrease dog infection with Echinococcus spp in echinococcosis endemic areas but needs strictly implementation.

scholarly journals Effects of management of infection source of echinococcosis in Linzhi, Tibet autonomous region of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Bing-Cheng Ma ◽  
Liying Wang ◽  
Gongsang Quzhen ◽  
Hua-Sheng Pang
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Prevention Campaign ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Infection Source ◽  
Dog Infection

Abstract Background Echinococcosis is highly endemic in western and northern China, Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) is the most serious prevalent area. Linzhi is located in southeastern part of TAR. Dogs are the primary infection source for the transmission of echinococcosis to humans. A control and prevention campaign based on dog management has been implemented in the past three years. This study aims to evaluate the effects of dog management on the infection rate of dogs.Methods Data of dog population, registration and de-worming of seven counties/district in Linzhi between 2017 and 2019 were obtained from the annual prevention and control report. Domestic dog fecal samples were collected from each endemic town of seven counties/district in Linzhi in 2019 to determine the infection of domestic dogs using coproantigen ELISA. Data analysis was processed using SPSS statistics to compare dog infection rate between 2016 and 2019 by chi-square test, and maps were mapped using ArcGIS.Results In Linzhi, domestic dog population has decreased from 17407 in 2017 to 12663 in 2019, whilethe registration rate has increased from 75.9% in 2017 to 98.6% in 2019. Similarly, stray dog populationhas decreased from 14336 in 2017 to 11837 in 2019, while sheltered ratehas increased from 84.6% in 2017 to 96.6% in 2019.Dog de-worming frequency has increased from four times per annum in 2017 to 12 times in 2019, indicating that approximately every dog was dewormed monthly. A total number of 2715 dog fecal samples were collected for coproantigen ELISA assay. The dog infection rate was 2.8% (77/2715) in 2019, which was significantly lower than7.3% (45/618) in 2016 (P<0.05).Conclusions Increased dog registration, decreased dog population, and increased dog de-worming frequency contributed to significantly decreased the dog infection rate in Linzhi, TAR. Control and prevention campaign based on dog management could significantly decrease dog infection with Echinococcus spp. in echinococcosis endemic areas.

The Influence of Altitude on Erythropoietin Resistance Index in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: Data from Tibetan Plateau

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Zong-hui Dang ◽  
Liang-ying Gan ◽  
Ciren Luobu ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
Dialysis Vintage ◽  
Peking University ◽  
The Impact

Background: It is known that hypoxia influences many of the biologic processes involved in erythropoiesis; therefore, the high-altitude hypoxia may affect erythropoietin (EPO) responsiveness in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of altitude on EPO responsiveness in MHD patients. Methods: In this retrospective study, MHD patients from Tibet Autonomous Region People’s Hospital (3,650 m above sea level) and Peking University People’s Hospital (43.5 m above sea level) were recruited between May 2016 and December 2018. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to altitude. Variables including age, sex, dialysis vintage, dialysis modality, duration of EPO use, EPO doses, and laboratory tests were collected and analyzed. EPO responsiveness was measured in terms of the EPO resistance index (ERI). ERI was defined as the weekly weight-adjusted dose of EPO (IU/kg/week) divided by hemoglobin concentration (g/dL). The association between ERI and altitude was estimated using a multivariable linear regression model. Results: Sixty-two patients from Tibet Autonomous Region People’s Hospital (high-altitude [HA] group) and 102 patients from Peking University People’s Hospital (low-altitude [LA] group) were recruited. The ERI for HA group and LA group was 6.9 ± 5.1 IU w−1 kg−1 (g/dL)−1 and 11.5 ± 6.4 IU w−1 kg−1 (g/dL)−1, respectively. After adjusting for covariates by multivariable regression, altitude was independently associated with ERI (R2 = 0.245, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Altitude had an independent negative correlation with ERI. This result supported the hypothesis that altitude-associated hypoxia improved EPO responsiveness in MHD patients.

scholarly journals New records of Celaenorrhinus pyrrha de Nicéville, 1889 and C. munda (Moore, 1884) from China (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 985 ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Guo-Xi Xue ◽  
Yutaka Inayoshi ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Fu-Ming Zhang ◽  
Da-Kun Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequence ◽  
New Records ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Male Specimen ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Tibet Autonomous Region

Celaenorrhinus pyrrha de Nicéville, 1889, a rare species of Hesperiidae previously known to be distributed from northeastern India to Indochina, is reported from southwestern Yunnan and southwestern Chongqing, China. A 658 bp COI gene sequence of this species is published for the first time. Although Chongqing is obviously isolated from the main distribution range, morphological characters of the specimens from this locality do not indicate a subspecies differentiation. Another rare taxon, C. munda munda (Moore, 1884), is also recorded from China for the first time based upon a male specimen from Cuona County in the Tibet Autonomous Region. This is the second specimen of C. munda from China, over 100 years after the holotype of C. munda joka Evans, 1949. The genitalia of both species are illustrated and described. Some taxonomic notes and a distribution map are provided as well.

scholarly journals Distribution of the 2019-nCoV Epidemic and Correlation with Population Emigration from Wuhan, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeliang Chen ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Yi Lu ◽  
Zhongmin Guo ◽  
Xi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Spring Festival ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Infection Source ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Case Number

AbstractBACKGROUNDSThe ongoing new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia outbreak is spreading in China and has not reached its peak. Five millions of people had emigrated from Wuhan before the city lockdown, which potentially represent a source of virus spreaders. Case distribution and its correlation with population emigration from Wuhan in early epidemic are of great importance for early warning and prevention of future outbreak.METHODSThe officially reported cases of 2019-nCoV pneumonia were collected as of January 30, 2020. Time and location information of these cases were extracted analyzed with ArcGIS and WinBUGS. Population migration data of Wuhan City and Hubei province were extracted from Baidu Qianxi and analyzed for their correlation with case number.FINDINGSThe 2019-nCoV pneumonia cases were predominantly distributed in Hubei and other provinces of South China. Hot spot provinces included Sichuan and Yunnan provinces that are adjacent to Hubei. While Wuhan city has the highest number of cases, the time risk is relatively stable. Numbers of cases in some cities are relatively low, but the time risks are continuously rising. The case numbers of different provinces and cities of Hubei province were highly correlated with the emigrated populations from Wuhan. Lockdown of 19 cities of Hubei province, and implementation of nationwide control measures efficiently prevented the exponential growth of case number.INTERPRETATIONPopulation emigrated from Wuhan was the main infection source for other cities and provinces. Some cities with low case number but were in rapid increase. Due to the upcoming Spring Festival return transport wave, understanding of the trends of risks in different regions is of great significance for preparedness for both individuals and institutions.FUNDINGSNational Key Research and Development Program of China, National Major Project for Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease in China, State Key Program of National Natural Science of China.

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